JPS61120165A - Element of supplying charge for electrostatic charge image development - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent a deterioration of a performance of the titled element for a long period by coating a carrier and a sleeve for supplying the charge to the toner with a specific org. antimony compd., thereby supplying a negative charge to the toner. CONSTITUTION:A surface of the titled element is coated with the compd. shown by the formula wherein R is an aryl group or its derivative, X1 and X2 are each a halogen atom, OH, CN, and SCN groups, and is preferably coated with a compd. shown by formula II. By coating the titled element with said compd., the above described characteristics of the element is obtd. The toner is charged by the titled element contg. the prescribed compd. and then developed, thereby obtaining an image having less a change of an image concentration and a good reproducibility of a fine line and also a good gradient and less tendency for a fog.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a member that charges toner for developing electrostatic images in electrophotography, electrostatic recording, electrostatic printing, and the like.

[Conventional technology]

As a conventional electrophotographic method, U.S. Patent No. 2, 297.8
No. 91, Special Publication No. 42-23910 and Special Publication No. 43
Various methods are described in Japanese Patent No. 24748, etc., but in short, these methods apply a uniform electrostatic charge to a photoconductive insulating layer and irradiate the insulating layer with a light image to generate static electricity. An electric WI image is formed, and then the latent image is developed and visualized using fine powder called toner using the technology, and if necessary, the powder image is transferred to paper, etc., and then fixed using heat, pressure, or solvent vapor. This is what we do.

Development methods applicable to these electrophotographic methods include:
Broadly speaking, there are dry development methods and wet development methods. The former method is further divided into a method using a two-component developer and a method using a -component developer.

Examples of two-component developing methods include a magnetic brush method using an iron powder carrier, a cascade method using a bead carrier, and a fur brush method using fur, depending on the type of carrier for conveying the toner.

In addition, those belonging to the -component type development method include a powder cloud method in which toner particles are in a sprayed state, and a contact development method (contact development or (also referred to as toner development), jumping development method in which toner particles are not brought into direct contact with the electrostatic latent image surface, but are charged and flown toward the latent image surface by the electric field of the electrostatic latent image; and magnetic conductive method. There is the MagneDry method, which develops by bringing a toner into contact with the electrostatic latent image surface.

As toners applied to these developing methods, fine powders in which dyes and pigments are dispersed in natural or synthetic resins have conventionally been used.

For example, particles obtained by dispersing a colorant in a sticky resin such as polystyrene and pulverizing the particles to about L to 30 particles are used as toner. As the magnetic toner, one containing magnetic particles such as magnetite is used.

In the case of a system using a so-called two-component developer, the toner is usually mixed with carrier particles such as glass beads and iron powder.

Further, the toner is made to have a positive or negative charge depending on the polarity of the electrostatic Nl image to be developed.

In order to make the toner retain an electric charge, it is also possible to use the triboelectricity of the resin that is a component of the toner, but with this method, the toner's chargeability is small, so the images obtained by development are likely to fog and become unclear. becomes. Therefore,
In order to impart desired triboelectric charging properties to the toner, dyes, pigments, and even charge control agents that impart electrostatic properties are added to the toner.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

However, these additives must be present on the surface of the toner to some extent in order to impart charging properties. Therefore, the toner may be damaged due to friction between the toners, collision with the carrier, friction with the electrostatic latent image carrier, etc. These additives fall off from the surface.

Contamination of the carrier, etc., and contamination of the electrostatic latent image carrier, such as the photoreceptor belt or drum, etc. occur. the result,
As the charging performance deteriorates and the number of durable sheets increases, the deterioration progresses and the image density decreases.

Thin line reproducibility, fogging, etc. become problems in practice.

This can be improved by improving the affinity and dispersibility of the toner binder and the dyes, pigments, or charge control agents that impart chargeability, but if surface treatment is performed to increase the affinity of these additives, In many cases, the chargeability is reduced, and if mechanical shear is strongly applied and finely dispersed, the proportion of the additive that appears on the toner surface decreases, and there is a tendency that sufficient chargeability is not imparted. For these reasons, the number of charge-imparting additives that are fully satisfactory in practice is extremely limited, and only a small number of them have been put into practical use.
In particular, in order to cope with the increasing demand for not only black and white images but also color images in the future, it is preferable that the additives added to the toner be colorless, and there are currently almost no additives that have been put into practical use that meet this requirement.

[Means for solving problems]

In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, the present inventors developed a method for imparting a charge.

Instead of using toner additives, we conducted extensive research to use carriers, sleeves, doctor blades, and other transport controls or charging members.

The charge-imparting member is a member that contacts the toner and imparts a charge necessary for development (or can provide it auxiliary). In this method, it is necessary for the toner to contain almost all the charge-imparting additive. Therefore, there are no problems mentioned above, such as contamination of the carrier, photoreceptor, etc., no deterioration of charging performance during printing of one image, no disturbance of the latent image, and color toner can be easily charged. can.

However, in order to control the conveyance of carriers, sleeves, doctor blades, etc., or to make charging members possess charge-imparting properties, the material must have strong charge-imparting ability and be able to be applied, coated, and dispersed on the members.
Further, since carriers are often not replaced for a long period of time, and sleeves are often used until the main body of the developing machine becomes unusable, the charge imparting member must be able to withstand long-term use.

An object of the present invention is to provide a charge imparting member that solves the above-mentioned problems.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a charge imparting member that imparts appropriate negative chargeability to toner.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a charge-imparting member that does not deteriorate in performance even after long-term use.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a charge-imparting member capable of producing images with excellent fine line reproducibility and gradation.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a charge imparting member suitable for coloring.

That is, the present invention resides in a charge imparting member for developing an electrostatic image, characterized in that it has a compound represented by the following formula on at least its surface.

xl xl (However, R represents an aryl group or a derivative having an aryl group as a skeleton, and x, l xl are l\logen.

0)1. The aryl group (representing ON or SCN) is usually a C6 to C2 degree monocycle, a CtO to C2 degree condensed ring, or a CtZ to C2 degree monocyclic aggregate. Alkyl group consisting of C2゜, Nl2 group, alkoxy group, nitro group,
Those substituted with 1 to 5 acyl groups are used.

Typical specific examples of compounds used in the charge-imparting member of the present invention include the following.

[Compound example]

CI CI These compounds are synthesized by known methods. That is,
It is synthesized by the direct action of a halogen on the corresponding triarylstibines.

The above compound may be used as a charge-imparting material by being dispersed in a solvent or dispersion medium as it is, or may be used by being dispersed in a resin.

In addition, ceramic powder such as silica powder, aluminum oxide, cerium oxide, and silicon carbide may be used as a filler, and conductivity imparting agents such as carbon black and tin oxide may be used for conductive YTM. Furthermore, in order to prevent the accumulation of spent toner on the sleeve or carrier surface, a release agent such as a fatty acid metal salt, vinylidene fluoride, etc. may be mixed and used.

In addition, common resins can be used as the dispersing resin. For example, polystyrene, polyacrylic acid ester, polymethacrylic acid ester, polyacrylonitrile,
Rubber resins such as isoprene and butadiene, polyesters, polyurethanes, polyamides, epoxy resins, rosins, polycarbonates, phenolic resins, chlorinated paraffins, polyethylene, polypropylene, silicone resins, Teflon and their derivatives, copolymers, and mixtures are used. It is possible.

When the charge-imparting compound is mixed and deposited on a carrier, the amount of the charge-imparting compound is 1 g to 100 g per kg of carrier, preferably 5 g to 20 g. When it is deposited on a sleeve or the like, the amount of the charge-imparting compound is Q,011 per 1 am2 of effective surface area.
101g of gN, preferably 0.1g to 2I1g is good.If it is less than the above range, the charging force and lifespan will not be sufficient, and even if it is used beyond the above range, the effectiveness of the charging force, lifespan, etc. will be saturated. It's a waste of time.

The carrier to which the above compound can be applied is not particularly limited, but includes, for example, powders or particles of metals such as iron, nickel, aluminum, copper, and alloys thereof, powders or particles of metal compounds containing metal oxides, glass, SrC, etc. , Ba
Examples include ceramic powders or particles such as TiO2 and 5rTi03, the surfaces of the above powders or particles treated with resin, resin powders, and resin powders containing magnetic materials.

Further, the sleeve to which the above compound can be applied is made of metal materials such as iron, aluminum, stainless steel, nickel, or alloys containing these metals, and ceramics.
Any material that can generally be used as a sleeve, such as non-metallic materials such as plastics, may be used.

Furthermore, the toner used when using the member of the present invention is
It is effective for both non-magnetic and magnetic toners, and can be applied to all methods in which toner is charged and developed, regardless of whether it is a two-component development method or a -component development method.

For example, magnetic brush development method, cascade development method, fur brush development method, so-called microtoning development method using magnetic material-containing resin powder as a carrier, development method using resin powder as a carrier, so-called jumping development method, or non-magnetic toner. It can be applied to jumping development methods, etc. that develop images.

These toners provide more efficient charging, so
Small amounts of charge-imparting substances 1 such as dyes, pigments, or so-called charge control agents may be included as long as they do not adversely affect the practice of the present invention, and fluidizing agents such as colloidal silica, cerium oxide, titanic acid, etc. It may contain an abrasive such as strontium or silicon carbide, a lubricant such as an ugly metal salt of stearin, or vinylidene fluoride, and may also contain a conductivity imparting agent such as carbon black or tin oxide.

In order to manufacture the member of the present invention, it is preferable to hold the compound on the surface of a material or equipment that has a sufficient opportunity to come into contact with the toner before the development stage, specifically, a carrier, a sleeve, a doctor blade, etc. That is, in the carrier treatment, a usual method is employed, such as dipping a solution in which the above-mentioned compound is dissolved or dispersed in a tank, making it adhere to the surface of the carrier core using a spray or a fluidized bed.

In addition, when coating the sleeve, methods such as dipping, spraying, and brushing are used using the same solution.

Furthermore, the member of the present invention can be manufactured by incorporating the above-mentioned compound into a moldable resin by a known method and then molding the resin into a carrier, sleeve, doctor blade, etc.

〔Example〕

Example 1 100 g of compound example (1) in methyl ethyl ketone lt
Dissolve and disperse, and add iron powder carrier (particle size: 250 to 40
0mesh) I Kg was dispersed in a ball mill to approx.
The mixture was stirred and mixed for 0 minutes. Dry this iron powder carrier mixture,
After completely removing the solvent, the agglomerates were slightly loosened to obtain an electrostatic charge developing member of the present invention.

Separately, toners were prepared with the following formulation using conventional materials and methods. No charge imparting substance was contained (the following parts indicate parts by weight).

Polystyrene (product name El-125 Nigel Chemical! 2)
100 parts Carbon black (trade name Sieben 3500, manufactured by Capot) 6 parts The above toner materials are mixed, crushed, and classified to a particle size of 1 to 1.
Aligned to 30 scales. This toner and the carrier were mixed at a weight ratio of 10:100 to prepare a developer.

When the tripometry of this developer was measured by the blow-off method, it was -9.91 Lc/g. Using this developer,
Images were produced using a Canon MP-5000 copying machine, and even in a 50,000-sheet durability test, fine line reproducibility was good, gradation was good, and there was no fogging at all.

Example 2 Polymethyl methacrylate resin 10 in xylene 11
0 g was dissolved, and 50 g of Compound Example (2) was mixed therewith. This was processed into an iron powder carrier IKg in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a carrier having a charge imparting effect, which is a member of the present invention. Separately, a toner completely similar to that in Example 1 was prepared,
A developer was prepared by mixing toner and carrier in the same weight ratio as in the experiment. When the triboelectricity of this developer was measured by the blow-off method, it was -8.77 L c/g. When this developer was used to produce an image on a Canon MP-5000 copying machine, it showed good fine line reproducibility and gradation, which was exactly the same as the initial one, even after a 50,000-sheet durability test, and no fogging was observed. There wasn't.

Example 3 Polymethyl methacrylate resin 10 in xylene 12
A solution was prepared by dissolving 0 g of the compound and mixing it with 50 g of Compound Example (3). Add Canon MP-400RE to this solution.
Dip the developing sleeve (made of stainless steel) for
0.1 layer of S* with compound example (3) on the sleeve surface
A member of the present invention was obtained by coating the c-layer to a thickness of 2 to 0.81 g/c. This sleeve was placed in the original developing machine.

The toner was made into a particle size of 1JL to 30JL according to the following formulation through general steps such as mixing, crushing, and classification.

Poly(styrene-butyl methacrylate) sea 300
．． 000 100 parts mold release agent (product name PE-130: manufactured by Hoechst) 4 parts magnetic powder (product name BL-200: manufactured by Titan Kogyo Co., Ltd.) 60 parts Using this toner, image printing durability with Canon MP-400RE Tested. There was no change in the image from the beginning after so many sheets, and the fine line reproducibility and gradation were good, and there was no fogging.

Further, after the durability test was completed, the surface potential of the toner on the sleeve was measured and found to be -25V, confirming that the toner was completely negatively charged.

Example 4 A solution was prepared by dissolving 80 g of polycarbonate resin in 1/1 xylene and further mixing 20 g of Compound Example (4).

A developing sleeve (made of aluminum) of a developing machine for a blue cartridge for Canon PC-20 was dipped in this solution, and a compound example (the amount of adhesion of 0 was ゛O, 1
A member of the present invention was obtained by coating at a concentration of mg/am2 to G and 5 g/c. This sleeve was placed in the original developing machine.

Prescription toner is prepared according to the following recipe, and the particle size is 1 to 30.
I finally got it together.

Poly(styrene-butyl methacrylate) proverb 15G
, 000 100 parts Mold release agent (trade name PE-130: manufactured by Hoechst) 4 parts Blue colorant (
Phthalocyanine pigment) 6 parts Using this toner,
Using a developing machine equipped with the above-mentioned sleeve, PC-20 was modified to enable reversal development, and durable images were produced.

When 190 g of toner was charged and a test was conducted until the toner ran out, there was no change in the image, and a clear blue image with good fine line reproducibility and 1 gradation was obtained. Furthermore, when the surface potential of the toner on the sleeve was measured, it was -30V, confirming the charge imparting effect.

Examples 5 to 8 Experiments were repeated in exactly the same manner as in Example 1, except that the above compound examples were changed.

〔Effect of the invention〕

By using the charge-imparting member of the present invention, images obtained by developing electrostatic images in electrophotography, electrostatic recording, electrostatic printing, etc. have extremely little change over a long period of time, and have good fine line reproducibility and gradation. It has little fog and can be effectively used for color development, producing extremely clear images.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1) A charge-imparting member for developing an electrostatic image, characterized in that it has a compound represented by the following general formula on at least its surface. ▲There are mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc.▼ (However, R indicates an aryl group or a derivative having an aryl group as a skeleton, and X_1 and X_2 are halogen, OH, CN
Or indicates SCN. 2) A charge-imparting member for developing an electrostatic image according to claim 1, wherein a carrier, a sleeve, and a doctor blade are coated with the compound described in claim 1.