JPS6095075A - Short-time crushing construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method of crushing objects to be crushed in a short time using an expansive crushing agent.

Currently, expandable crushing agents (hereinafter referred to as ``crushing agents'') that utilize water expansion of calcium oxide and/or magnesium oxide are in practical use. It is filled with water and crushed as it expands.
Its characteristics are significantly different from conventionally used gunpowder and explosives. In other words, unlike gunpowder and explosives, it does not generate any explosion noise, vibration, flying stones, or rooks, and therefore is not considered a hazardous material. On the other hand, contrary to the above-mentioned advantages, there is a disadvantage that crushing usually takes a long time, about one day. This is because the eruption phenomenon (also known as the gun phenomenon) caused by the heat generated by water utilization of calcium oxide and/or magnesium oxide is a major safety issue.In other words, if you try to shorten the crushing time, expansion may occur. calcium oxide or/
and the hydration reaction of magnesium oxide must be accelerated.

As a result, the heat of reaction (heat of hydration) is accelerated,
The water vapor pressure generated by the mixture of the crushing agent and water increases rapidly, increasing the risk that the crushing agent slurry will blow out all at once.

As a means to shorten the crushing time, for example, a heating method using a casing vibe protective rod-shaped electric heater (Japanese Patent Application No. 1984-29163) has been proposed, which is heated in the filling hole in advance, but in order to put this into practical use, , measures must be taken to sufficiently suppress all eruptions.

Several proposals have been made to suppress the eruption, such as filling rapidly hardening cement and suppressing it by adhesion to the hole wall, and using anchors and other special restraint devices.

However, even if the above-mentioned eruption prevention method could be completely suppressed, for example, the method of completely filling with rapid hardening cement would
Sufficient work time must be ensured for mixing cement and water, filling, etc., and waiting time until the adhesion strength to the hole wall reaches the required value.

Also, sufficient working time must be allowed for anchors and other special restraint devices to be installed - so they can be shredded within an hour after being filled with a mixture of shattering agent and water. It was difficult to achieve. Furthermore, both of the above-mentioned methods have the disadvantage that the work is complicated.

In order to improve all the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, the inventors of the present inventors conducted intensive research and found that by heating the mixture of the crushing agent and water completely on the opening side, the mixture can be heated without ejecting. It was discovered that crushing could be achieved in a short time within minutes, and the present invention was completed based on this knowledge.

That is, the present invention provides a method for filling holes or grooves of a body with a mixture of an expansible crushing agent and water that utilizes the water expansion of calcium oxide and/or magnesium oxide, and then filling the mixture of the expansible crushing agent and water to utilize the entire water expansion of calcium oxide and/or magnesium oxide. This is a short-time crushing method characterized by heating using all heating sources on the opening side.

As the heating source, it is preferable to fully utilize the heat of hydration of calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, or aluminate because it is extremely simple and economical, and the effect is excellent.

Further, it is convenient to use the heating agent such as calcium oxide by storing it in a container through which water can permeate or enter.

Furthermore, when the hole in the object to be crushed is long, it is preferable to install an auxiliary heating source at the bottom of the hole and/or between the holes.

As an auxiliary heating source, it is preferable to use the opening-side heating heddle by storing a heating agent such as the above-mentioned calcium oxide, which has a relatively low water heating rate, in the above-mentioned container.

Further, as the auxiliary heating source, a heating agent such as calcium oxide housed in a container that is relatively less permeable or intrusive to water than the container for the fully open side heating agent may be used.

The technical contents of the present invention will be explained in detail below. In the heating of the opening side of the mixture of crushing agent and water in the present invention,
A rapid hydration reaction of calcium oxide and/or magnesium oxide takes place on the heating surface. As a result, the water becomes a solid phase as combined water of calcium hydroxide and/or dispersion of magnesium, so that the mixture of the crushing agent and water becomes a porous body.

Since these pores are air permeable, water vapor passes through them and escapes from inside the pores to the outside, thereby reducing the buildup of water vapor pressure.

On the other hand, volumetric expansion occurs when calcium hydroxide and the like are produced. As a crushing agent, for example, S-Mite manufactured by Sumitomo Cement Co., Ltd., if allowed to expand freely without restraint, will swell approximately three times, but if it is restrained by the hole wall, it will be covered as shown in Figure 1. This results in the expansion pressure (2) of the crushing agent acting on the pore walls (1) of the crushed body.

This expansion pressure is also the resistance force (j!# friction force) against the push-out stress at the interface between the hole wall and the crushing agent water body.
become. ′) In other words, the shredding agent itself that reacts with water also plays the role of a plug to prevent the jetting out of the shredding agent from deeper parts. Heat is conducted from the heating surface of the opening into the hole, and water utilization reactions such as calcium oxide in the crushing agent are accelerated one after another in the depth direction, but the generated water vapor is Also, since the plug layer that is continuously formed by the shredding agent itself that has undergone the water utilization reaction is thick, this can be sufficiently suppressed and no eruption will occur.

As described above, by heating only the opening, the hydration-reacted crushing agent itself can play the role of a porous plug that reduces and suppresses the eruption, which is a new and previously unthinkable idea. However, in terms of simplicity, economy, and performance, it is best to fully utilize the hydration heat of a heating agent such as the calcium oxide contained in a moisture-permeable cylinder or an intrusible capsule as a heating source. Effective.

Calcium oxide and magnesium oxide referred to in the present invention are, for example, lightly calcined quicklime, lightly calcined magnesia, lightly calcined dolomite, calcia clinker, dolomite clinker - clinker containing a large amount of free lime and a small amount of silicate, calcium aminoferrite, etc. etc. These are used in powdered or granular form.

Furthermore, the aluminate referred to in the present invention is, for example, 3CaO
"At203.12CaU"7At203.3CaO"
3At203@CaSO4゜11Ca0・7At203
-CaX2 (X is a halogen atom), etc.

All of these are used in powder or granular form.

Furthermore, as the heat source of the present invention, inorganic and organic substances that generate a large amount of heat upon reaction, such as silicates, carbides, sodium gold bridges, and concentrated sulfuric acid, can be used, without being limited to the above-mentioned calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, and aluminate. Also,
Heat transfer media such as cylinder hot water and leaked oil can also be used.

Another method is to use the heat of combustion of a combustible material to heat metal, stone, or ceramics to use as a heat transfer medium.

Of course, direct heating is also possible.

In addition, a 5-air heater, an infrared lamp, a laser beam,
Electrical heating methods such as microwaves are also applicable to the heating source of the present invention.

Now, the basic idea of the present invention is to fully heat the mixture of the crushing agent and water filled in the holes and grooves of the object to be crushed on the opening side. There are also cases where the crushing effect at the bottom of the hole is not sufficient because heat transfer takes time. In order to solve all of this, the TFC at the bottom of the hole is installed by storing a heating agent such as calcium oxide in a mixture of crushing agent and water (crushing agent slurry) in the hole space and in a container where water can permeate or enter. We devised a method to use bamboo for auxiliary heating. When carrying out auxiliary heating, it is necessary that the rate of heat transfer to the mixture of crushing agent and water is lower than in the opening (IIIO main heating).

In other words, if the heat transfer rate of the auxiliary heating is the same as or higher than that of the main heating on the opening side, the plug of the porous body on the opening side will not be able to resist the increased water vapor pressure at the bottom of the hole and/or between the holes, and the water will erupt. This is because there is a risk of it happening.

Therefore, in the present invention, in the auxiliary heating method for front raising sleeves, (a) a heating source such as the above-mentioned calcium oxide, which has a comparatively lower water heating heat generation rate than the opening side heating source, is used as an auxiliary heating source.

(b) A heating agent such as calcium oxide is stored in a container (capsule) through which water is relatively less permeable or intrusive than the opening-side heating source, and is used as an auxiliary heating source.

There are two implementation methods and a combination thereof.

As a method of making the water heating rate of auxiliary heating smaller than that of the main heating on the opening side, for example, there is a method of using light burnt lime, which has a fast heat generation rate, for the main heating on the opening side, and using hard burnt lime, which has a slow heat generation rate, for the auxiliary heating. There is a method of using quicklime for heating and aluminate for auxiliary heating. ´ On the other hand, there are ways to make the container that houses the auxiliary heating agent more difficult for water to penetrate or penetrate, by increasing the thickness of the container material, reducing the number of permeation holes, and making the container material difficult for water to penetrate. Examples of methods include using something that is difficult to penetrate or penetrate.

In addition to the above method, for example, indirect heating using combustion heat is performed as the main heating source on the opening side, and encapsulated quicklime gold is used for auxiliary heating, or laser beam or microwave heating is used as the main heating source on the opening side. , it is possible to use capsuled quicklime for auxiliary heating.

Next, the present invention will be explained in detail by way of examples.

Example 1 As shown in Figure 2, a 600% x 600% x 600% concrete specimen to be crushed (3) has a diameter of 40%,
A hole (41) with a length of 550% was made and a crushing experiment was conducted in a constant temperature room at 20°C.The concrete was one month old and had a compressive strength of 420 Kff/Crn.

As a crushing agent, Sumitomo Cement ■ S-Mite Type A, 1
ft A granular product of lime with an average particle size of 1% was used as a heating agent. Figure 3 is an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view of the hole (41), in which a crushing agent slurry with a water/disrupting agent ratio of 27% is first added to the hole.
1-Filled to 500% length, filled with heating source 161k made of quicklime particles to 50% length, and poured water (7) from the top. As a result, the temperature at the center of the crushing agent slurry reached 220°C, but no spouting occurred. Cracks began to appear in the concrete specimen 15 minutes after filling with the crushing agent slurry, and it was divided after 25 minutes.

Example 2 For a concrete specimen (3) similar to that shown in FIG. 2, 3cao-Atyuo3, which was prepared by mixing limestone and industrial alumina in a predetermined molar ratio and firing the mixture in an electric furnace, was used as the heating source (6). After pulverizing to a specific surface area (Blaine value) of 3500, it is placed in a capsule with a diameter of 40% and a height of 50%; 8) made of water-absorbing paper. ) All poured. Figure 4 shows the hole (
41 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion.

The crushing agent used is S-Mite A manufactured by Sumitomo Cement Co., Ltd.
In a mold, the holes were filled with a slurry of about 500% length using a slurry with a water/disintegrating agent ratio of 27%. The results showed that although the temperature at the center of the crushing agent slurry reached 220''C, there was no eruption.Furthermore, cracks began to appear in the concrete specimen 20 minutes after filling the crushing agent slurry, and it split after 30 minutes.

Example 3 Regarding a concrete specimen (3) similar to that shown in Fig. 2, a heat medium as shown in Fig. 5, which was made by processing a silicon ash brick with a diameter of 40% and a height of 20%, was used as the heating source (6). As shown in FIG. 6, the crushing agent slurry was set at the frontage of the slurry (151), and the heating medium (6) was heated with a burner +91. FIG. 6 is an enlarged longitudinal section of the hole (41) of the specimen (31).

The crushing agent used was S-Mite A type manufactured by Sumitomo Cement ■, and the slurry IJi was filled into a hole with a length of about 530% with a water/crushing agent ratio of 27%.

As a result, the temperature at the center of the crushing agent slurry reached 240'C, but there was no eruption. In addition, cracks began to appear in the concrete specimen 10 minutes after filling the crushing agent slurry, and it was divided after 15 minutes.

Example 4 The object to be crushed (31 is buried underground, as shown in Figure 7, with a thickness of 600% and a width of 1300 mm, and a reinforced concrete foundation slab (reinforcing bar ratio of 0.52%) with a length of 3250%, and a diameter of 6 mm. ”
rZ-Length 550% Hole '4"jjl" Center part K 65'% Four holes were bored at intervals and a crushing experiment was conducted. Please note that the concrete is about 3 years old.
The compressive strength after core removal was 450 f/cm.

FIG. 8 is an enlarged longitudinal cross-sectional view of the hole (4) in FIG. 887.

As a crushing agent, a quicklime powder capsule (8) with a diameter of 65λ x 50' was prepared in advance using water-absorbing paper as a heating source (6). Using.

First, a crushing agent slurry (
5) was filled into the hole (4). All quicklime capsules were placed on top of the crushing agent slurry, lightly poked, and then an appropriate amount of water (7) was poured.

As a result, the temperature at the center of the crushing agent slurry reached 250°C, but no ejection occurred.

Additionally, 15 minutes after filling with the crushing agent, cracks of 1 to 27% appeared between the holes and divided the reinforced concrete foundation slab into two.

Example 5 As shown in FIG. 9, a limestone bench with a height of Iom is used as the object to be crushed (3), and the resistance is about 1 m, the hole spacing is about 1 m, and the hole diameter is 65-+41'! I wore 4 r. Hole length is approximately 10m
The drilling angle (a) is set to 8 so that it is almost parallel to the slope.
It was set to 0°. At this time, the compressive strength of limestone is approximately 800 K.
gf/M2.

, FIG. 1θ is an enlarged longitudinal section of the hole (41) in FIG.

S-Mite V type (for large pores) manufactured by Sumitomo Cement ■ was used as the crushing agent, and a heating source 16+, that is, a light burnt quicklime capsule 18 housed in a paper container with a diameter of 65% and a height of 20 mm was used as the main heating agent. ) wo, light calcined dolomite capsule (8) housed in the same paper container as the auxiliary heating source 1101
Two pieces were installed at the opening of the hole, the space between the holes, and the bottom of the hole, respectively.

The hydration of the crushing agent in the vicinity of the opening is promoted by the water utilization heat of the light burnt lime at the opening, and a strong plug with a depth of Kanashi is formed in this area. The light calcined dolomite reacts with the surrounding water, and the temperature rises slightly later than the opening, reaching about 200°C, which significantly accelerates the hydration reaction of the fractured dolomite in contact with it. As a result, the crushing agent was able to completely crush the entire depth of 10 m within about 20 minutes after filling without causing a gunshot phenomenon.

Example 6 A crushing experiment was conducted under the same conditions as in Example 5, without changing the components of the main heating source and the auxiliary heating source, but by changing the water permeability of the storage container.

In other words, a paper container with 15 small holes per hole was installed at the opening, and 95 small holes per hole were drilled between the holes and at the bottom of the hole. Lightly burnt quicklime stored in a paper container was installed.In this case, the lightly burnt quicklime at the opening hydrates first, and a strong plug is formed near the opening, and then it is poured into the hole between the holes and the bottom of the hole. The temperature rise due to the light calcined lime in the position reaches 250℃, which significantly accelerates the hydration of the crushing agent between the holes and the bottom of the hole. The cracks stopped throughout the hole in the object to be crushed and the crushing was completed without any gunshot effect.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 shows the expansion pressure of the crushing agent acting on the pore walls of the object to be crushed. Figures 2.7 and 9 show the object to be crushed, m3+4+
Figures 6+8 and 10 show enlarged longitudinal cross-sectional views of the hole portion of the object to be crushed. Figure 5 shows the heat medium as a heating source, l...pore wall of the object to be crushed 2... expansion pressure of the crushing agent 3
... object to be crushed 4 ... hole 5 ... crushing agent slurry 6 ... heat source 7 ... water 8 ... capsule 9 ... burner 10 ... auxiliary heating source a... Drilling angle Fig. 7 Fig. 8
Figure 9 Figure 10

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] (1) After filling the pores and grooves of the object to be crushed with a mixture of water and an expanding crushing agent that utilizes hydration expansion of calcium oxide or/and magnesium oxide, the expanding crushing agent A short-time crushing method characterized by heating the open side of the mixture of water and water using a heating source. +21 Low-temperature method in which the heating source is selected from calcium acid, magnesium oxide, and aluminate. (4) The short-time crushing method according to claim (1), (2) or (3), wherein an auxiliary heating source is installed at the bottom of the hole and/or between the holes. (5) As an auxiliary heating source, at least one compound selected from calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, and aluminate, which has a comparatively lower rate of water heat generation than the opening-side heating source, is placed in a container through which water can permeate or enter. A short-time crushing method according to claim (4), which is stored and used. (6) At least one selected from calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, and aluminate as an auxiliary heating source.
The short-time crushing method according to claim 41 or (5), in which a seed compound is housed in a container that is relatively more difficult for water to permeate or enter than the container of the open-side heating source.