JPS6094586A - Accurate television device - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention This invention relates to high precision television signals and to methods of generating and processing such signals.

[Background]

In the early days of television, most broadcast programs were movies transmitted via telecine equipment. The live program includes scenes of newscasters taking place in the studio,
(This included various variety shows and occasional sports programs broadcast live.)
In the US, the number of lines is 525, 60 fields per second and 2:
1 interlaced scanning NTSC standard (525/60)
This is exactly the scene obtained in Europe by television cameras that also operate under the 625150 CCIR standard. Movies at 25 frames per second are converted in the United States using a 3-2 pulldown technique in telecine equipment. A predetermined frame of film is scanned for three fields, and then the next frame is scanned for two fields. In Europe, the film was simply moved faster at a rate of 25 frames per second, increasing the audio channel pinch by the same percentage, but allowing for a 4% speed error.

Until the creation of the communications satellite program to distribute programs electronically on a worldwide scale, it was not possible to use media other than film to distribute programs electronically on a global scale.
There were very few suggestions for program compatibility between the 5760 and 625150 regions. Around that time, converting the standard digitally was developed, but it was expensive, and the frame-by-frame conversion resulted in an awkward, artificial-looking image when displayed.

Today, programs created with the intention of distribution through many media are scenes recorded on film.

The main disadvantage of recording on film is the long loading time required for shooting and editing. but,
Its advantages are high definition and an industry standard for film formats.

Therefore, regarding the electronic production of programs and special programs,
High-definition television (HDTV) based on universal standards
It is hoped that a method will be created. Such a system should be easy to apply to film, 525/60 and 625150 television systems with minimal loss of quality and minimal artifacts. Electronic production must be performed at high resolution (horizontal, vertical, and temporal) for any intended transmission to ensure that high quality remains after the production (editing) operation.

1JJ = landmark 'lf', other desirable properties of the system are that conversion to 525/60.625150 and film can be done with as much ease as X';
2. Balanced vertical and horizontal resolution for maximum flexibility after production.

3. It has a wide aspect ratio, such as 1.85, which is the US standard for printing on film for release, and 4. It is compatible with the world digital studio standard of 13.5 MHz.

The difficult requirements that must be met are not as high as the extremely wide bandwidth required by electronic recording systems, but a temporal resolution (temporal resolution) high enough to eliminate temporal aliasing (strobing). operating speed).

FIG. 1 illustrates the problem of temporal interpolation for frame rate conversion. for example,
If an object such as a hand moves across the field of view, the object will appear at different positions in two consecutive frames A and B, as depicted by solid lines. If an intermediate frame is interpolated between the two frames at a position that is, for example, 60% of the time difference, the observer will be able to interpolate an intermediate frame at a position that is approximately 60% of the distance between the objects in the two consecutive input frames as indicated by a broken line. You will see an object like the one shown.

The importance of amplitude interpolation between corresponding pixels in two successive frames or in a few successive frames is not considered for obtaining accurate results, but it is It is being done.

Figure 1 is, of course, an exaggerated representation of an actual example; if the temporal sampling rate (sampling frequency) is normal for both television and film, the distance an object moves between the two frames is It's short. Amplitude interpolation produces a blurred double (or multiple) image that lacks sharpness, rather than two widely spaced, sharp, distinct images. In fact, in order to eliminate or reduce the strobing effect, i.e. when a sharply imaged object moves suddenly between different positions across the field of view, film photographers have to The lens aperture is left open for a long period of time so that the object appears blurred along its path on the film. The human eye cannot discern moving objects with high resolution.
This blurring of the image gives the observer the impression that the image is moving continuously without any jerky movements.

In the case of television, frames are interlaced so that the effective movement rate is twice the frame rate, and in addition, many television camera imagers have a time delay that spans several scan field periods. Since the image is blurred through the lens, strobing does not occur frequently.

Higher order interlacing, for example, higher order interlacing ratios such as 3:114=1 and 5:1, can improve the temporal sampling rate, but higher order interlacing increases the It is known to produce severe line crawling effects. On the other hand, in order to reduce the line crawling effect caused by interlacing, there is also a method of adding a frame storage function to the display and sequentially updating all lines drawn on the display for each field.

This idea is connected to the idea of separating display speed and camera scanning speed (imaging speed) from transmission speed, as shown in FIG. The information at the camera-side terminal of the frame store is updated at the recording rate, but the transmission signal is chosen to be sent at a different transmission rate, perhaps lower to match the characteristics of the channel. Similarly, the display update rate is sufficiently higher than the transmission rate to reduce effects such as large area flicker and line-to-line flicker.

[Summary of the invention]

In this invention, the number of scanning lines per frame is Nt (for example, 5
25) and the frame frequency per second is Fl (for example, 30
In the first television format, which has a frame rate of N2 (e.g. 625) and a frame frequency of F2 (e.g. 25 frames) per second,
or a third format intended for film having a film frame rate of F5 (e.g. 24 frames per second). It provides a precision television system. A device, such as a camera, generates a video signal representing the raster. In the rask, the video line representing the signal represents a rask line that is orthogonal (e.g., vertical) to the orientation of the rask line (e.g., horizontal) in the second television format by the first dimension. There is a synchronization circuit for generating video lines at a video line frequency such that an integral number of video lines may be formed during a frame period of each of the first and second television formats and the third format. Generates synchronization signals used by the above device. This HD TV video line consists of frame family iiF',
They are arranged to form a field with a field frequency that is the least common multiple (LCM) of F2 and F3.

[Detailed explanation]

The parameters of this method, shown in the table below, are suitable for digital H
These are various parameters of the luminance component of the DTV system. Some of the new principles on which these parameter selections were based are:

(b) 1. A temporal sampling frequency equal to the LCM of the required frame frequency of various imaging media is such that at the same time that the camera signal is blanked, the frame is still in the field/blank period. It has the advantage of being able to read out the frame store for each standard. This is the choice of a certain field frequency, i.e. 00 field samples per second, 24
．． The least common multiple of 25 and 30 is implied. Therefore, a system that performs 25:1 interlaced scanning at 600 fields/second will have a frame frequency of, for example, 24/second, and will also have an integer number of fields of /25 and 1/30 seconds. . The feature of this configuration of the present invention is that the video signal d1 obtained from such a system,
Although it may be desirable to do some temporal filtering to obtain image blurring, as described below, it can be applied directly to the film without the need for intermediate storage.

(b) In order to completely reduce motion artifacts caused by translation for media with various other standards, this high-precision method uses frame frequencies that are higher than the frame frequencies chosen for the other standards. It is possible to perform temporal prefiltering with frequency. A convenient choice for such a frequency is a rate of 40 frames per second. This frame frequency is a simple ratio of 5/3.815 and 4/3 to 24.25 and 30, respectively, and is a fraction of the sample frequency of 600 fields per second with a 15:1 jump. represents the percentage.

(c) It is also advantageous that the system has a line frequency such that an integral number of HDTV scan lines can be obtained during each output field or frame of the release medium, 600 lines per second.
The value of 00 is new in this respect') Liz /
2' z 250 in 1/25 and /30 seconds respectively
0.2400 and 2000 scan lines are obtained.

In fact, 60,000 lines per second is a field period of 175 in the NTSC color television system 525/60.
9. We will have 1001 tree lines in 94 seconds.

For example, by using a sampling frequency of 54 MHz, a digital device can be compatible with the 13.5 MHz digital studio standard. However, configuring it in analog format requires a much lower recording bandwidth (22 MHz).
baseband).

(e) The choice of vertical scanning allows for high frequency scanning in small dimension directions with wide aspect ratios, which reduces the energy required to deflect the electron beam in the camera imager tube or display tube, and also reduces the need for the same film. Telecine reading of the film may be performed in a direction perpendicular to laser beam writing or electron beam writing. Discharge) (R,A
, Dischert et al., U.S. Pat. No. 444,914.
As disclosed in No. 3, the vertical scanning method is also
Facilitates conversion of 25 and 625 trees to horizontal scans. This line frequency conversion is 525 or 62 per vertical line.
analog signal at an appropriate frequency to obtain 5 samples.
This is simply done by sampling the video signal. By allocating approximately 20% to the vertical line retrace line and approximately 7% to the horizontal field retrace line, each frame has 756 effective doubles/900 lines and 1 effective line tree with 1398 lines.
The number will increase to 500.

Luminance Signal Parameter Table FIG. 3 shows a scanning raster, which can be thought of as 1500 vertical lines made up of 100 vertical sections each containing 15 tree lines. The last seven segments (94-100) include the horizontal retrace period. The statue is
One tree is scanned in each section from left to right during each field, thus requiring 15 consecutive fields to scan all the lines in each section.

If the lines in the segment are scanned sequentially from left to right in successive fields, objects moving from right to left will be treated differently than objects moving from left to right, resulting in jerky motion. there is a possibility. Instead, in the example of FIG. 3, each successive field line is arranged to interlace or skip in a modular pattern throughout its section. That is, if the field in which the scanning line is in the first position in any division is determined to be field 1, then in the next field, field 2, the line is determined to be at a position spaced to the right by P-tree lines. Ko\niP
is an integer that has no common divisor with 15. Continuing this form, in the nth field n, [] soup (n-1) p)
There will be a line at the modulo 15 position. If p=4, the position of the line in each successive field is 1.
5.9.13.2.6,]0.14.3.7.11.1
5.4.8.12 and then repeat from l.

Although it is possible to use a number other than 4 as the value of P,
As shown, this value of 4 is considered advantageous. Figure 4 shows the line position of the field (1-1) corresponding to the field number (1-15) on the
5) is plotted on the y-axis. Figure 4 shows the line positions for the modulo hopping case p = 4, with the corresponding lines in adjacent fields separated by four spatial lines\
It can be seen that it is located. The field line is this number -
The positions are arranged in an equilateral triangular grid (mesh) in the (X, y) plane, and each line position is equidistant from the six positions adjacent to it. This pattern has been found to make the motion artifacts, if any, relatively uniform in all directions within the image area, ie, independent of the direction of motion.

So far, the video signal scanning parameters in the table above have been discussed in general terms as they apply to the luminance component and do not refer to the color or chrominance component. As part of production standards, color is assumed to be carried in two chrominance components R-Y and B-Y, each occupying a base bandwidth approximately half the base bandwidth of the luminance Y component. Therefore, the chrominance signal is carried over a separate cable in the same video signal as the luminance component, as two color components that are multiplexed in time in a compressed manner as shown in FIG. It will be done.

The R-Y and B-Y portions of the chrominance signal 100b of the HD TV signal 100 in FIG. Both have equal base bandwidth and the above discussion is applicable to both. Alternatively, the luminance and chrominance signals are 1t-Y per pixel of a time compressed analog multiplexing (TCAM) or 108 megasamples per second bit stream.
By digital partitioning method arranged in the order of Y, B-Y,
They can also be multiplexed in time with each other in a single coup.

In the case of the TCAM method, the base bandwidth will be 44 MHz, but the other parameters in the table above are for Y after separation (demultiplexing) or for R, G and B after separation and matrix processing. can be applied.

In the following explanation, it is assumed that the luminance component and the chrominance component are processed separately.

The HDTV signal is displayed directly on an R, G, B monitor configured to have a deflection frequency of 600H2 horizontal field frequency and 60 KHz vertical line frequency.

Each field contains only 100 lines, but
No single field is visible due to eye (and phosphor) afterimage phenomena. The response time of the naked eye is 15-20
Since it is about 100 seconds, 10 to 12 consecutive fields appear as one field, and only 1,000 to 1,500 of the 1,500 fields.
1,200 lines are visible at the same time with the same brightness. Therefore, there is no large-area flicker at all. Since the valley lines are only updated after 25 milliseconds, some 40H2 line-to-line flicker may be visible. A moving object has edges that are blurred, smeared, and perhaps even jagged, but the motion appears almost continuous due to the high temporal frequency.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the production and display stage of the HDTV device 7o based on the idea of the present invention. Wide aspect ratio; (D TV camera 71 can generate high resolution RXG, B video signals by vertical line scanning of the internal image big amplifier element. Line, field and frame synchronization signals for the camera In order to supply this, the output of the 54 MHz clock 78 is divided by a frequency divider 79 to generate a vertical line scanning synchronizing signal Sv having a repetition frequency of fV=60 KHz.Frequency divider'
The output of 79 is further divided by frequency divider 8o and becomes fn=60.
Horizontal field synchronization signal S with a repetition frequency of 0Hz
Generate H. The output of frequency divider 80 is further divided by frequency divider 81 to generate frame synchronization signal SF having a repetition frequency of fP=40Hz.

Vertical line period, horizontal field synchronization and frame synchronization signals Sv, SR, .'Sp[] are provided to the TV camera 71 to enable the camera to raster scan as shown and described in FIG. The line scan is vertical and the field scan is horizontal. Frame synchronization signal SF
is used in combination with line and field synchronization signals Sv and SR in the synchronization signal generating circuit in camera '71 to produce the appropriate interlacing order as shown in FIG.

The high precision R, G, B signals generated by camera 71 are fed to matrix 72 to generate luminance signal Y and chrominance signal R-Y, B-Y on separate signal lines. The R-YX B-Y chrominance signal is sent to the time compression stage 7.
3 and 74, the signals are time-compressed by a time factor of 2, and then multiplexed onto one signal line by a multiplexer 75 and output. The chrominance signal obtained from the multiplexer 75 and the luminance signal obtained from the matrix 72 are supplied to a synchronization inserter 99, where a synchronization signal portion is added to each of the chrominance signal and the luminance signal. At the output of the synchronization inserter 99, an HDTV signal 100 shown in FIG. 5 is generated.

That is, the luminance signal 100a is generated on the signal line 9, and the chrominance signal 100b of another channel is generated on the signal line 9.

HDTV signal 100 is sent to HDTV videotape recorder 7
6 to produce a production tape 77 of the program content imaged by camera 7.

To monitor the television production as it is being imaged, the RlG,B signals generated by camera '71 can accept direct video input after being buffered by circuitry not shown in FIG. High precision television monitor 8
2. The monitor 82 has a high resolution capability and a deflection circuit that performs line scanning in the vertical direction and field scanning in the horizontal direction. To synchronize the raster scan on monitor 82, line, field and frame synchronization signals Sv, SHXSP are provided to the synchronization circuitry of monitor 82.

FIG. 7 shows the progress of the program content generated by the HDTV device 7o of FIG. 6 after production, that is, the processing process after production. The production tape 77 produced by the apparatus 70 of FIG. 6 is similar to that of FIG.

The HDTV video tape recorder 84 reproduces the HDTV signal 100. HDTV signal 1
The information content of 00 is modified in post-production processing stage 85 to provide headings, graphics, special effects such as slow motion and screen splitting, and other editing operations of the same type.

H with the content of change information that occurred during the post-production processing stage 85
The DTV signal 100' is provided to an HDTV videotape recorder 86 to create a mask tape for distribution and recording.

The program content of the HDTV signal 100' may also be recorded on videotape or
It can also be recorded and stored on various recording media such as millimeter film tape. For example, the program content of an HDTV signal 100' can be recorded on a digital tape 92 in 525/60 video format or on a 625150 CCI.
R video format on digital tape 93, or on 35 mm film tape 94 in any one of several predetermined formats, such as having a shooting speed of 24 film frames per second. can also be recorded.

In order to perform format conversion from the format of the HDTV signal 100' shown in the table above to each of the other formats used on the recording media 92-94, the HDTV signal 100' is converted into a format according to the principles of the present invention. Signal converter 200.300.40
0. a The raw signal converter 200 has HDT, V
The signal 100' is converted to a video signal V2 having a standard 525/60 digital component format. Then video signal v2
is recorded on digital tape 9 by video tape recorder 88.
recorded in 2. The mark r1f two-signal converter 300 is an HD
The TV signal 100' is transformed into a video signal v3 having a standard 625150 digital component format. Video signal v3 is then recorded onto digital tape by video tape recorder 89. Standard signal converter 400 converts HDTV signal 100' into a signal v4 that can be recorded on film tape 94 by film recorder 90.

The parameters chosen for this originating HDTV signal 100' greatly facilitate the conversion to other production standards, and also greatly simplify the construction of the standard signal converters 200-400. can. For example, by using a vertical line scan camera and by selecting appropriate line and field scan frequencies and interlacing rates, H
The frame frequency conversion between 40 frames per second of a DTV signal 100' and frame frequencies according to other standards is
It has become a simple matter to sample the contents of the frame store provided in the standard signal converter in a suitable manner. No temporal interpolation operation is required since a temporal interpolation function is naturally obtained by addressing the frame accumulators in the proper order.

As an example of appropriately selecting production standard parameters for the HDTV signal 100 generated by the novel configuration of the HDTV device 70 shown in FIG. 6, let's look at the table of parameters for the luminance signal sideways. The scanning is done vertically at a rate of 100 lines per field and at 600 fields per second, so the vertical line scanning frequency fv is 6000
Become zero. By choosing the resolution of this HDTV signal to match the sampling frequency of 54 MHz, a high resolution sampling capability of 9900 samples per vertical line is obtained, while this sampling frequency is 13 MHz, which is the world standard sampling frequency for studio production. , 5
It can be set as an integral multiple of MHz.

600 fields per second is the number 24.6 that represents the existing and still desired frame and field frequencies for various film and television standards.
Note that it is an integer multiple of 25.30.40.60. Additionally, a vertical scan frequency of 60,000 Hz is compatible with various film and television standards7. lfi
divided by the various field and frame frequencies of the integer, e.g. 60000÷60=1000.600
00÷59.94=1001.60000÷40=
1500.60000÷30 = 2000.6000
0÷29.9'7 = 2002.60000÷25
It should also be noted that = 2400, 60000÷24=2500. The relationship between these integer fractions is as follows for each sub-signal converter 200 to 400 in FIG.
This is an important factor in simplifying the design of the frame accumulator circuits involved.

Another developmental aspect is that a signal converter 711, such as signal converter 200 in FIG.
/60 television format. As part of this transformation, the spatial resolution of the image is reduced to eliminate aliasing. A vertical to horizontal scan conversion is also performed and the image is truncated to a 4:3 aspect ratio.

Spatial filtering is performed by increasing or interpolating the number of samples to four times the desired spatial bandwidth, and then the signal is filtered 2:1 to produce output samples at the residual Nyquist frequency. Select every other item. Frame frequency conversion is performed by reading this filtered signal into a frame store at a high temporal multiple interlaced field frequency and reading the frame store at a new frame frequency with an interlace ratio of 2:l. easily done. The frame store is input vertically and read out horizontally to convert the scan direction. Exactly the same method can be used to convert to 625150, except for the sampling clock frequency and number of samples per vertical line, but this method is described below for conversion to 525/60. The regenerated contemporaneous intervals are also slightly different between the two standards.

To create a 13.5 MHz standard effective image grid of 484
It is convenient to increase or interpolate the 39 effective elements of the effective image grid to 1998 effective elements.

This number 1998 is related to 720 plus a factor of 2 and a correction factor that converts the aspect ratio from 1.85:i to 4:3 (i.e. "998÷1.85X/
a=1440=2×720).

In the vertical direction, the HDTV analog signal is low-pass filtered to convert the 756 effective pixels to 484.

FIG. 8 shows a specific example of the luminance signal processing section 200L of the signal converter 200. Although not shown, a similarly configured processing section processes the chrominance signal of the HDTV signal 100'. In the converter 200, 22MH
The HDTV luminance signal with an IF bandwidth of z is filtered by the filter 220.
Edge disturbances (fragmentation) that appear in individual frames due to multiple interlacing effects on moving edges in the image if no measures are taken
is made to blur. The output of filter 220 is then low-pass type filtered to 14.1 MH,Z by filter 41 to reduce the vertical resolution according to a factor of 484/756. This filtered signal is, for example, 34.5
It is sampled and digitized in an analog-to-digital converter 41 clocked by a 6 MHz clock GK2. This clock QK2 and all other clocks for the signal converter 200, such as [lKl, GK3 and (iK4), are generated by the device clock generator 54, which is synchronized with the video signal 100'.

Synchronization signals fvX fa and fp are taken out by a synchronization detector 43. Synchronization signals fv and f)I are fed to vertical and horizontal counters 44 and 45, respectively, to control gates 46 and 47, which
samples and 1398 active lines of each frame are gated. These 484 valid samples are stored in a pair of FIFO buffer accumulators 52 which act as vertical line accumulators.
g and 52b and then time compressed. These samples represent approximately 4 of the processed HDTV signal 100'.
The vertical lines of the tree are clocked and read out at such a fast frequency that they can be read vertically into the frame store 50 at the same time that one horizontal line of the 525/60 NTSC signal is read out from the frame store 50. Ru. The frame accumulator 50 is [1+4 (n-1)) modulo 15
Vertically by an address generator 48 which operates algorithmically (using synchronization signals fv,f, fF) to place adjacent vertical lines of the HDTV rask into adjacent positions or addresses in this frame store. is input.

Each horizontal line read from frame accumulator 50 is then time-interchanged in a pair of FIFO buffers 52c and 52d, which serve as horizontal line accumulators.
It is clocked and read out at the same frequency as the interlaced scan of the desired output of /60. Frame accumulator 50 is HDTV
can accommodate the full horizontal resolution and aspect ratio of the device, but
At this point in the signal processing, the vertical resolution is low so that only 484 samples in the vertical direction need to be stored. After the 1398 samples of each valid output line are read out, they are applied to an interpolation sample incrementer 49 to produce 1998 samples in the horizontal direction. The interpolator 49 may be constructed as a conventional multi-point interpolator or may be constructed as a Powers (K,H).

Powers) may be constructed similarly to that described in U.S. Patent Application No. 48452'7, filed April 13, 1983.

The timing unit 53 has write clocks W1 and w2.
and read clocks R1 and R2, which are connected to write terminals CWI and CWI of line accumulators 52a to 52d.
W2 and read terminals CRI and CR2, respectively. The timing unit 53 also controls the line accumulator R/
Mode control signals A1 and A2 are also generated which are applied to one terminal to switch the mode of operation of each line accumulator between a read mode and a write mode.

The timing unit 53 generates a switching signal on the signal line 55 which causes the switches 51a to 51d to perform the required synchronized operation so that the four active lines of the active samples pass through the four line gates. This is to ensure that the l horizontal lines supplied from the accumulator 50 are read into the frame accumulator 50 at the same time as they are sent to the interpolator 49.

The interpolated samples generated by interpolator 49 are applied to a digital low pass filter 5'/. This filter is
Filter the second sample to half the Nyquist frequency. The low-pass filter (LPF) 57 includes sample delay elements D1 to D6, adders 61 to 63, multipliers 64 to 67, and a subtractor 67. This digital LP
F has a response characteristic complementary to the high-pass filter response shown in FIG. 10, which will be explained next.

The output of the low pass filter 57 contains a horizontal line with 1998 valid samples, but its bandwidth is reduced to a resolution equivalent to that of 999 pixels. Every other sample obtained from the output of the filter 5'7 is removed by a reciprocal sample gate 58. Gate 59 cuts the aspect ratio to 4=3, but 99
By selecting the central 720 darmples among the 9 samples, the aspect ratio is set to 1.
85 to 1.33 to provide 720 valid samples as a 525/60 output. The insertion stage 60 is 138III! of horizontal retrace (blanking). d samples and a vertical sync signal portion of 20-21 lines per field. Clock frequencies CK2 to CK4 are HDT
within one vertical line period of V signal 100' or 525/60
It should be noted that an integral number of clock cycles are chosen to occur within one horizontal line period of the digital television signal.

The output of the sync insertion stage 60 is the luminance signal component of the digital component video signal with samples clocked at an industry standard frequency of 13.5 MHz. )I, provided in time-compressed and multiplexed form as shown in FIG.
The chrominance signal of the DTV signal 100' is processed in the chrominance section of the standard signal converter 200 of FIG. Although this chrominance section is not shown, it has the same structure as the luminance section 200L in FIG. 8.

The output of converter 200 is recorded on a digital VTR for display in a standard 4:2:2.2 channel, time multiplexed 525/60 format.

FIG. 9 shows the filter 220 shown in FIG. 8 for performing temporal filtering to blur edge disturbances (small fragmentation) that may otherwise appear in individual frames. shows a specific embodiment according to the invention. The HDTV signal 100' is converted to digital form in an analog-to-digital converter 21 operating at a sampling frequency of 54 MH2. The samples are stored in memory with a storage capacity somewhat larger than the entire frame.

This memory consists of cascaded field delay devices 22-2.
It is configured as 6. The signal at point A is delayed by exactly] a full frame (15 fields) with respect to the input. The signal at B-i dB' is
At point A, each word advances by 4 fields with respect to (ff1) and is delayed. In the modulo hop skipping formula with p = 4, the 1 word that advances by 4 fields and is still delayed is: This corresponds to a pixel that is spaced from the pixel at point A by three tree lengths to the right and by one to the left.

Similarly, the signal at C or C' is also seven fields ahead or behind at point A, corresponding to the pixel on the immediately adjacent line to the left or right, respectively, of the pixel at point A.

By coupling appropriate adders 27-29, multipliers 30-32 and subtractor 33 to signal points A, B, B', c, C', digital filter 220 of FIG. A high-pass filter in the horizontal spatial frequency range with the response characteristics shown in is constructed. This is a conventional high-pass digital filter that passes frequencies above about one-half the Nyquist frequency, but still above one-fourth the horizontal line frequency.

The output of the digital high-pass filter 220 is a digital
It is converted to analog form in an analog converter 34 and then passed through an analog high-pass filter 25 having a response characteristic as shown in FIG. This latter filter serves to remove low (vertical) spatial frequencies in the frame-delayed image. By using a suitable multiplier K in multiplier 36, the high spatial frequency of the image obtained from the previous frame is added to the image in the current frame in adder 3'7. The output of adder 37 is a filtered HDTV signal 100F.

Since the adjacent lines at points C and C' are temporally separated from point A, this spatial frequency filtering also has a temporal filtering component. This low spatial frequency is removed to avoid creating double images of objects in motion. 9th
The effect of temporal filtering in the figure is to filter out the edges of a moving object that tend to become disordered due to modulo jumping. This spatial and temporal filtering has no effect on the stationary portion of the image, and spatial resolution is not compromised except in the range of high frequency motion.

FIG. 9 shows the timing relationship of signal processing within the filter 220. Appropriately determined starting point (t=o)
20 samples, occurring during the horizontal field retrace period of the HDTV signal, when 2500 lines, or 25 fields containing 100 lines, have been scanned in the camera (t- 0 to 1/30th of a second).

At time t-20, the frame store, or field delayer 23, of the filter 220 memory contains the entire input frame of 1500 tree lines representing the most recent 15 fields of information. HDTV signal 526
By using filter 220 of FIG. 9 as the temporal prefilter of FIG. can avoid wasting waste.

FIG. 12 shows one particular embodiment of the luminance processing section 30OL of the 625150 CCIR standard signal converter 300 of FIG. A chrominance processing section (not shown) has a similar structure to this luminance processing section 30OL. converter 300
is the eighth, except for the clock frequency for timing synchronization.
It is similar to the converter 200 shown in the figure.

Therefore, the functions or parameters of most elements in FIGS. 8 and 12 are similar. An example of the difference between these two figures is the following point in FIG. That is, 575 valid vertical pixels are connected to line accumulators 52a and 52.
b and frame storage 5o, and the cutoff frequency of the low-pass filter 41 is 16. 'i' MHz, the clock frequency GK2 of the analog-to-digital converter 42 is 41.10 MHz, and the frame accumulator 50
The storage capacity is 5'15 x 1398 samples, and the number of samples inserted by the synchronization inserter 60 during the horizontal blanking period is 144. 13.5MH
The frame frequency at the studio standard sampling frequency for z is 29.97 seconds per second for 525/60, while for 625150 it is 45 seconds 25 seconds.

13 used as a temporal prefilter in FIG.
The illustrated digital high pass filter 330 is of the same design as the filter 220 of FIG. In the timing diagrams of FIGS. 9 and 1-3, the sample point is t-
It is the same except that it occurs at time t-24 in FIG. 13, whereas it occurs at time t-20.

FIG. 14 shows a specific example of the film standard signal converter 400 of FIG. As an example for purposes of illustration, film recorder 90 of FIG. 7 is configured to scan horizontally sequentially (non-interlaced) at 750 lines per frame at a rate of 24 frames per second with digital video signal v4 from converter 400. It shall be driven by The line frequency of video signal v4 is therefore 18KH2. Assuming a sample frequency of 27 MHz, this video signal provides 500 samples per line and has a horizontal bandwidth of 1 MHz. According to such a scanning method, 68
1. An effective image grid of x 1260 pixels can be formed and an aspect ratio of 1.85 can be maintained with equivalent horizontal and vertical resolution during the cycle per image height. If it is possible to record film in a vertical scan such as in HDTV signal 100', the 7L/- frame frequency must be converted from 4o to 24 frames/sec. A transducer of similar construction to transducers 200 and 300 may also be used as a film standard transducer to perform vertical-to-horizontal scan conversion. Most current film recorders are designed to be horizontally scanned.

As shown in FIG. 14, RAM frame storage 50
holds 6131 x 1398 samples and the vertical resolution is 681/756 tD in the low pass filter 41 which brings the video bandwidth to 19.8 MHz.
It has the same horizontal resolution as the HDTV signal 100'. The interpolator 49 in this case increases the 1398 samples obtained from the frame store 5o to 2520 (twice the 12!60 horizontal effective samples of the film scanning standard). In such an operation, clocks GK3 and CK40 have a frequency of 22. Requires E15MHz and 41.19 MB2. Clock CK2 for analog-to-digital converter 42 is 48.66 MH
z, the clock CK for outputting the film standard signal from the synchronization inserter 6o is 2'7MH2.

The digital high-pass filter 440 of FIG. 15, used as the temporal 1) 1f position filter of FIG. 14, is of the same construction as the filter 220 of FIG. Figure 9 and 1
The timing diagram part in Figure 5 is at time t=25 in Figure 15.
are similar except that the sample point occurring at t=20 in FIG.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 is a diagram showing a situation in which a scene between two frames is interpolated into an intermediate frame, Figure 2 is a diagram showing a high-precision television transmission system from the camera side to the display side, and Figure 3 is a diagram showing the invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an interlaced vertical line scan scheme for producing a new high-definition television signal according to the present invention; FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a volatility signal and a chrominance signal in a 4:2:2 time compression format of the high-precision television signal, FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example configuration of a high-precision television apparatus using the present invention, 7 is a diagram showing the progress after production, including a standard conversion stage for processing the new high-definition television signal, and FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a new version of the 525/60 standard signal converter of FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the temporal prefilter shown in FIG. 8, FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the digital filter response characteristic of the digital filter shown in FIG. 9, and FIG. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the filter response characteristics of the analog high-pass filter; FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a new configuration of the 625150 standard signal converter in FIG. 7 related to this invention;
3 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the temporal prefilter shown in FIG. 12, FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a new configuration of the film standard converter shown in FIG. 7 related to this invention, and FIG. 14th
It is a figure which shows an example structure of the temporal prefilter of a figure. '71,,72.73.74,'75.99...
...Camera, matrix, time compressor, multiplexer, and synchronization inserter constituting means for generating a video signal, '78, '79.80.81 Clock and 3 constituting a synchronization signal generation circuit divider. Patent II Person R Cini Corporation Rin Tetsu Shimizu Haga 2 Old and Young 1 Figure 12 Figure Age 3 Figure Age 10 Figure O 11 Figure Mail VA Toki Oda Figure HDTV Is9 100 4:2:2 flT Heto 1 v Wataru Isei -1-H horv4 No. pθ/l /71-th -9
Izumi 15oo Book 1111 Age 13

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) When N1, N2, Fl, F2, and F5 are positive numbers, in the first television format with N1 Rusk lines per frame and an arene and frequency of Fl with the number of frames per second, A second television format with a frame frequency of N2 trees per frame and a frame frequency of F2, or a film frame frequency of F3 with N2 frames per second, or a film frame period of 41 F? ? N-suru 3
A high precision television apparatus for producing a video signal suitable for replacing a filter in the format of a raster, the video line of said signal having means for producing a video signal representing a raster, said It represents a rask line in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the rask line in the first or second television format, and further represents the direction of each frame in the first and second television formats and the third film format. in order to generate said video lines at a video line frequency such that an integral number of said video lines can be obtained during a duration, and said frame frequencies FT, F2 and F.
High precision television equipment, comprising a circuit for generating a synchronization signal used by said means to arrange said video lines in a field having a field frequency that is the least common multiple of 5. (2) A high-definition television apparatus having an apparatus for generating a video signal representing a raster and having substantially the following parameters: Parameters of luminance signal Effective image sample grid '756x139B Aspect ratio 1.85 Line scanning direction Vertical total number of samples/line 900 Total number of lines/frame 1500 Number of lines/field Co, 00 Interlacing ratio 15:1 Interlacing order [1+4 ( n=1) ] module 15
Frame frequency, fF 40 Line frequency, fv 600'OO Field frequency, fu 600 Sampling frequency 54 MHz Analog bandwidth 22.0 MHz 0