JPS6076626A - Apparatus for measuring adaptation luminance of fovea centralis - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain the adaptation luminance of the fovea centralis accurately, by adding a pupil area measuring part, which measures the pupil area of the eye of an observer. CONSTITUTION:A sight-movement tracking part 11 tracks the movement of the line of sight of an observer 9 and outputs a signal corresponding to the direction of the line of sight of the observer 9. A sight-object-luminance measuring part 12 outputs a signal corresponding to the luminance Li of an object Oi (1<=i<=n), which is observed by the observer 9, based on the signal from the sight-movement tracking part 11. A retina- illuminance arithmetic part 13 receives the luminance signal and the output signal from the pupil-area measuring part 10, outputs a signal corresponding to the retina illuminance at the favea of the retina of the observer, and stores the output in am memory part 14. A visual-pigment-concentration operating part 15 computes the concentration S of the visual pigment based on the memory data in the memory part 14 and the time constant of the photochemical reaction of the visual pigment of the fovea. A fovea-adaptation-luminance arithmetic part 16 computes Laf from the relation between the S and the fovea adaptation luminance Laf. Since the pupil-area measuring part 10 is provided, the fovea adaptation luminance can be obtained accurately.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to an apparatus for measuring "brightness perceived by humans" which is necessary for the design and evaluation of lighting visual environments and video equipment.

Conventional configurations and their problems In recent years, devices that measure the "brightness" of visible objects have become necessary for the appropriate design and evaluation of lighting facilities and video equipment. In terms of visual engineering, the brightness ′ that an observer perceives when looking at a certain visual object.

It has been shown that the brightness of the visual object is determined by (1) the brightness of the visual object, (2) the front curtain due to scattering within the observer's eyeball, and (3) the brightness of the observer's foveal adaptation. In order to measure "brightness", it is necessary to measure each of these (1) and (2×3) with an accuracy that is acceptable for practical use.

Among these, (1) the brightness of the visual object can be measured with a conventionally used luminance meter, and (2) the measurement of the front curtain by scattering within the observer's eyeballs has been performed using several excellent methods.・A device is proposed. Regarding the measurement of the observer's foveal adaptation brightness in (6), the following two observation states are considered.

! A state in which the observer's fovea is fully adapted to the visual object.

11 A state in which the observer's line of sight moves on average within the visual workspace.

Regarding state 1, the brightness of the visual object can be measured and taken as the foveal adaptation brightness. However, there has been no useful device for measuring foveal adaptation brightness in the 11 conditions.

A conventional foveal adaptation luminance measuring device in eleven states will be described below.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a conventional foveal adaptation brightness measuring device. In Fig. 1, 1 is a group of visual objects, 01.02, ·
..., ○i%"', 0n (1≦i≦n) are the luminance L1, L2, ..., Li, ..., Ln (1≦i≦n), respectively.
), 2 is the observer, 3 is the gaze movement tracking unit,
4 is a visual object brightness measuring section, 5 is a memory section, 6 is a visual substance concentration calculating section, and 7 is a foveal adaptation brightness calculating section.

The operation of the conventional foveal adaptation brightness measuring device configured as described above will be described below.

The line-of-sight movement tracking unit 3 tracks the line-of-sight movement of the observer 2 and outputs a signal corresponding to the direction of the line-of-sight of the observer 2 . The visual object brightness measurement unit 4 obtains information on the position of the visual target that the observer 2 is gazing at from the output signal from the eye movement tracking unit 3, and measures the brightness of the visual target 01 at fixed sampling intervals. (1≦l
≦n). The output signals from the visual object brightness measuring section 4 are sequentially stored in the memory section 5 together with the measurement time points of the visual object brightness. The visual substance calculation unit 6 calculates the concentration S of the visual substance from the plurality of visual object brightness values stored in the memory unit 5, their measurement times, and the time constants of photochemical reactions of the visual substance in the fovea. calculate. The foveal adaptation brightness calculation unit 7 calculates the foveal adaptation brightness Lf based on the concentration S of the visual substance.

Note that, since the time for human eyeball movement to stop is within 0.5 seconds, the sampling interval of the visual object brightness measuring section 4 is set to within 0.5 seconds. Furthermore, it is already known that calculation of visual substance concentration requires a plurality of pieces of data corresponding to changes in visual object brightness within 10 minutes.

However, with the above configuration, the area of the observer's pupil is not captured, so the retinal illuminance projected onto the observer's fovea cannot be accurately determined. For this reason, it is not known exactly how much of the visual substance is being changed by the photochemical reaction, and therefore there is a problem in that the accuracy of the measured foveal adaptation brightness is low.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems and provides a measuring device that can accurately measure foveal adaptation brightness.

Structure of the Invention The present invention includes a gaze movement tracking unit that tracks the history of the observer's line of sight, and a signal from the gaze movement tracking unit that inputs a signal from the gaze movement tracking unit to measure the brightness of a visual object gazed at by the observer within 0.5 seconds. A visual object brightness measuring section that measures the brightness of the visual object at sampling time intervals, a pupil area measuring section that measures the pupil area of the observer's eye, and a signal from the pupil area measuring section and a signal from the visual object brightness measuring section. a retinal illuminance calculation unit that inputs the signal and calculates the retinal illuminance at the fovea of the retina of the observer; a memory unit that stores the signal from the retinal illuminance calculation unit as data; a visual substance concentration calculation unit that calculates the noble substance concentration in the fovea from a plurality of pieces of data corresponding to changes in retinal illuminance and a time constant of a photochromic reaction of visual substances in the retina, and this visual substance concentration calculation unit. It consists of a foveal adaptation brightness calculation unit that inputs signals from the retina and calculates the foveal adaptation brightness, and by accurately calculating the retinal illuminance, it is possible to accurately measure the foveal adaptation brightness. be.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a foveal adaptation brightness measuring device in an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 2, 8 is a group of visual objects, ol, 02, ..., O8, ..., on (1≦i
≦n) are the luminance L1, L2, ..., Li1, ...
・, visual object with Ln (1≦i≦n), 9 is the observer,
1o is a pupil area measurement unit, 11 is an eye movement tracking unit, 12 is a visual object brightness measurement unit, 13 is a retinal illumination calculation unit, 14 is a memory unit, 15 is a visual substance concentration calculation unit, and 16 is a foveal adaptation brightness calculation unit. Department. The operation of the foveal adaptation brightness measuring device configured as described above will be described below.

The line-of-sight movement tracking unit 11 tracks the line-of-sight movement of the observer 9 and outputs a signal corresponding to the direction of the line-of-sight of the observer 9 . The visual object brightness measurement unit 12 obtains information on the position of the visual target that the observer 9 is gazing at from the output signal from the eye movement tracking unit 11, and detects the visual target at fixed sampling intervals within 0.6 seconds. 0 things
．． A signal corresponding to the luminance L1 (1≦i≦n) is output. The pupil area measurement unit 10 outputs a signal corresponding to the pupil area of the observer 9. The retinal illuminance calculation section 13 receives the output signal from the visual object brightness measuring section 12 and the output signal from the pupil area measuring section 10, and outputs a signal corresponding to the retinal illuminance at the fovea of the retina of the observer. Retinal illuminance E (unit:
td) is determined as the product of the visual object brightness Li (unit: cd/n?) and pupil area A (unit: knee), as shown in the following formula: ・E,=L−A,...・・・・・・ (1
) The output signals from the retinal illumination calculation unit 13 are sequentially stored in the memory unit 14 together with the measurement time points of the visual object brightness.

The visual substance concentration calculation unit 15 calculates the visual substance concentration S from the plurality of retinal illuminance values stored in the memory unit 14, their measurement time points, and the time constant of the photochemical reaction of the visual substance in the fovea. . Visual substance concentration Sj at arbitrary time tj+1
+1 is expressed by the following formula.

""j+1=[K2-(K1EI 10 to 2)SJ]τ+s
,... (2) However, K and 2 are determined photochemically and are constants, τ is the sampling interval, and E is the time t.
The value of retinal illuminance, S, at time 1. ] is the visual substance concentration at J.

In the foveal adaptation luminance calculation section 16, the visual substance concentration calculation section 15
The visual material concentration S is input as shown in Fig. 3.
Foveal adaptation brightness ``af'' is calculated according to the relationship between and foveal adaptation brightness Laf.

As described above, in the foveal adaptation brightness measuring device according to the present invention, since the pupil area of the observer is measured, the observer's retinal illuminance can be accurately calculated, so that the foveal adaptation brightness can be accurately determined. FIG. 4 shows an example of comparison between the measured values by the foveal adaptation brightness measuring device of the present invention and the measured values by the conventional foveal adaptive brightness measuring device. In FIG. 4, the horizontal axis represents the theoretical value of the foveal adaptation brightness calculated for the observer's eye adapted to a uniform visual field, and the vertical axis represents the foveal adaptation brightness of the present invention and the conventional example for a similar visual field. The difference between each measured value of the foveal adaptation brightness by the measuring device and the theoretical value is shown.

As shown in Figure 4, the measured values by the conventional device have large errors in both the low and high brightness regions of the visual field, but the measured values by the foveal adaptation brightness measurement device of the present invention agree with the theoretical values. do. That is, it can be seen that the foveal adaptation luminance measuring device of the present invention can accurately measure the foveal adaptation luminance.

As described above, according to the present invention, by providing the pupil area measuring section, the retinal illuminance can be accurately measured, and the foveal adaptation brightness can be measured with high accuracy.

Effects of the Invention The foveal adaptation luminance measuring device of the present invention is capable of accurately measuring foveal adaptation luminance by providing a pupil area measuring section for measuring the pupil area of the observer's eye, and has practical effects. is big.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a conventional foveal adaptation luminance measuring device, FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a foveal adaptation luminance measuring device in an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a diagram showing visual substance concentration and foveal adaptation. FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between brightness, and is a characteristic diagram showing the difference between the measured value by the foveal adaptation brightness calculation unit and the true value of the foveal adaptation brightness. 10...Pupillary area measuring unit, 11... Eye movement tracking unit, 12...Visual object brightness measuring unit, 13
. . . Retinal illumination calculation section, 14 . . . Memory section, 15 . . . Visual substance concentration calculation section, 16 . . .
-Foveal adaptation brightness calculation unit. Name of agent: Patent attorney Toshio Nakao and one other person Procedural amendment dated 9th/Mon/1959 2 Name of invention Foveal adaptation luminance measurement device 3 Person making the correction Relationship to the case Patent application Residence Address: 1006 Kadoma, Kadoma City, Osaka Prefecture Name (
582) Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Representative Toshihiko Yamashita 4 Agent 571 Address 6, Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., 1006 Oaza Kadoma, Kadoma City, Osaka Prefecture [ Foveal adaptation brightness Lf
J to "foveal adaptation brightness LafJK correction.

Claims (1)

[Claims] A gaze movement tracking unit that tracks the history of the observer's line of sight, and an eye movement tracking unit that inputs signals from this gaze movement tracking unit and measures the brightness of the visual object that the observer gazed at at sampling time intervals of 0.5 seconds or less. An object brightness measurement section, a pupil area measurement section that measures the pupil area of the observer's eye, and a signal from the pupil area measurement section and a signal from the visual object brightness measurement section are input to the observer's retina. A retinal illuminance calculation unit that calculates the retinal illuminance at the fovea, a memory unit that stores the signal from the retinal illuminance calculation unit as data, and a
a visual substance concentration calculation unit that calculates the visual substance concentration in the fovea from a plurality of data corresponding to changes in retinal illuminance within 0 minutes and a time constant of a photochemical reaction of visual substances in the retina, and this visual substance concentration calculation unit The foveal adaptation luminance is calculated by inputting the signal from the foveal adaptation luminance.
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