JPS607345A - Atomic-absorption spectrophotometer - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a light source lamp exhibiting resonant line light characteristics of one or more elements, a monochromator that transmits light beams of one or more elements having selected wavelength characteristics, and a monochromator provided with wavelength information. wavelength control means for setting the monochromator to the selected wavelength in response to the wavelength control means; a microprocessor; and a memory for storing wavelength information at a position associated with each of the one or more elements of each of the plurality of lamps. , identification means for enabling the microprocessor to identify one or more elements of the light source lamp, the wavelength information retrieved from the memory for the element thus identified being stored in the memory; The present invention relates to an atomic absorption spectrophotometer in which the microprocessor is arranged to supply wavelength control means.

This kind of spectrophotometer is disclosed in the patent application filed in 1982-1 by the applicant.
It is described in No. 95429 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 88626/1983). The spectrophotometer described in such application is
A light source lamp is used which has an electrical resistance network implemented in the base of the lamp, and the specific wavelength of a specific element emitted by the lamp, i.e. characterized by a resonance line, is identified from the value of said resistance. It is equipped with a measurement circuit to

It is an object of the present invention to provide an atomic absorption spectrophotometer having other means of identifying the elements of the lamp.

The present invention provides an atomic absorption spectrophotometer of the kind mentioned in the opening, in which the light source lamp is encoded by a projection or a recess, or both, formed in the lamp or in an object attached to the lamp, and in which the spectral light intensity is a sensor for providing an electrical signal to a microprocessor in response to a pattern of the protrusions and/or recesses in the light source lamp; It is characterized by being able to be identified.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a card supporting one or both of the protrusion and the recess is attached to the light source lamp, the sensor is provided in a main body with a slot, and the card is inserted into the slot. Load it so you can read the code. The card may be a perforated card with a plurality of holes, and the sensor may consist of a light source and a plurality of photodetectors. The sensor may consist of a regularly arranged array of light emitting diodes and, opposite the array, a similarly arranged array of photodiodes, with a perforated card positioned between the arrays.

The light source lamp may be provided with a cap coded by a plurality of protrusions, and a sensor may be provided to detect the presence or absence of the protrusions at a predetermined position on the cap. The sensor in this case can be constructed by combining a light emitting diode and a photodiode adjacent to each predetermined position. The sensor may be comprised of a spring-loaded member or member arranged to engage one or both of the protrusions and recesses and actuate one or more switches depending on the engagement state. can.

The spectrophotometer may also include a lamp turret that holds a plurality of light source lamps, and a sensor may be provided at each lamp position on the turret.

The invention further provides that either the protrusion or the recess, or both, also represent the lamp operating current, and the spectrophotometer comprises a lamp power supply means and a memory for storing lamp current information, and the spectrophotometer comprises a lamp power supply means and a memory for storing lamp current information; The spectrophotometer is programmed to use said lamp current information of said lamp current information, together with other lamp current information derived from a sensor, to control said lamp power supply means.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, an analytical operation of a spectrophotometer for analyzing one or more samples for the polarity of said lamp comprises a set of information continuously stored in a read-write memory at least during said analysis. is programmed to use and controlled by a microprocessor, and the information set has information about the element including the word length information;
This information is made retrievable from a read-only memory for the element, along with information regarding the one or more samples, which may be retrieved from elsewhere.

Further according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the spectrophotometer has holding means for simultaneously holding one or more light source lamps together with sensors, the outputs of which are connected to a microprocessor. each light source lamp held in such a manner that the spectrophotometer has positioning means for sequentially positioning one lamp of the lamp assembly within the optical path of the monochromator; for each of the elements in the set of elements, the analysis sequence of the spectrophotometer being sequentially analyzed in the optical path of the monochromator, with a light source lamp for each element in the set forming part of said lamp assembly. The holding and positioning means are programmed to control means for positioning the lamp to emit a light characteristic for each element of the set of elements and read and write to memory at least during the analysis sequence. Continuously accumulated,
The microprocessor is programmed to use a number of information sets for each element in the set of elements.

The invention will be explained with reference to the drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1, the single-element hollow hollow resonant line light source lamp HOL includes a hollow cathode electrode OA and an anode electrode AN in a sealed container SE. Open several bases BA that support two terminal pins P1 and P2. The pins &AN and the cathode OA are connected to the terminal pins P1 and P2, and both terminal pins are made to protrude from the base BA. These terminal pins form connection means for connecting 51f#AN and cathode OA to lamp power supply means LPS I (see Figure 9). Base BA has a plurality of recesses RE around it. A digital code is formed depending on whether or not there is a recess at a specific position around the base. This digital code represents the element of the lamp and can also represent the amount of current required to operate the lamp HOL by the lamp power supply means LPS.

Sensors are arranged to read the above code at the base BA, and these sensors generate electrical output signals corresponding to the above codes.This output signal is sent to the microprocessor μP of the spectrophotometer (see Figure 9). supply to.

The second factor is the hollow cathode lamp HO with card CC.
The above-mentioned card OC is attached to the base BA by a string ST that passes through a hole in the lug LU at the base BA of the lamp HOL. The card CG has a plurality of cutout parts RE along one edge thereof, and these cutout parts RE
A digital code is formed, which can represent the elements of the lamp and can also represent the operating current of the lamp. The encoding of the card Co can also be carried out by means of an aperture array (perforation array), in which case the presence or absence of an aperture at a particular position of the card forms a digital code, which represents the element of the lamp or the lamp element. The operating current can be expressed as follows. Typically, the aperture is circular in shape, but may have other shapes, such as square or rectangular. The card CG may have another shape, such as a bar, and may be provided with a recess or a protrusion, or both.

Figure 3 shows a hollow cathode lamp H (3L) in which a car FCC attached to the lamp with a string ST is loaded into a slot CC8 of a card reader OCR.
FIG. 4 shows a cross section of CR along A-AM. The card reader OCR is constructed with one housing CCH, and one side wall of this housing is provided with a slot acs into which a card CC is loaded. An array of light emitting diodes LED is arranged within the housing GOH opposite a corresponding array of photodiodes PHD. When the card CG is fully loaded into the slot (thrower) OO3, this card can block the optical path between the two arrays, so the card can be identified by detecting whether or not a specific diode is illuminated. It is possible to detect the presence or absence of an opening at a certain location. Cable (3RO1 and 0RO2
are cables for supplying signals to the light emitting diode array LED and for supplying signals from the photodiode array PHD, respectively. Instead of using a light emitting diode array, a single diffused light source could be provided and covered by the card.

The sensor for the hole in the card CC can also be a mechanical finger or a pneumatic sensor.

Figure 5 shows the hollow cathode lamp HOL in Figure 1 with the base BA.
together with a mechanical sensor device for detecting the presence of a recess in the The lamp MOL is attached to the substrate BP by suitable means, and the sensor device consisting of a plurality of regularly spaced spring-loaded fingers SLF is also attached to the substrate B.
When the lamp 1 (OL) is attached to the board, the finger-like protrusion engages with the base BA,
・The finger-like protrusion formed by the finger-like projection enters the formed recess in the base BA,
The remaining protrusion is pressed down against the return spring force to actuate the associated microswitch Is.

The lamp HOL shown in FIG. 6 is similar to the lamp of FIG. 1, except that the cord is now formed on the base BA.

As shown in Figure 6, in this example the code is connected to the lamp HOL.
It is formed with a series of protrusions PR on the base BA. That is, the presence or absence of a protrusion at a specific position around the cap forms a digital code which can represent the element of the lamp and also represent the operating current required to operate the lamp HCL by means of the lamp whistle, source means LPS. ,do. The protrusion TAPR in the base BA can be detected by a mechanical sensor having a spring-loaded finger SLF as shown in FIG. 5, or as shown in FIG.
An initial number of housings PRH, each containing a light-emitting diode and a photodiode, are arranged at regular intervals around the base BA, and if protrusions PR are present, these protrusions will cause the connection between the light-emitting diode and the photodiode. so as to block the optical path between them.

FIG. 8 shows a turntable TU carrying four light source lamps HOLI to HCL4 and four hood readers 00RI to GOR4.

The lamps HOLI to HOL4 are of the type shown in FIG. Each code reader 00R1 to 00R4 is a coded card (301-(thrower into which 304 is loaded)
It has O3I to GO34. Such a device has the advantage that the presence of the card can be constantly monitored, as well as the type of lamp installed. The lamp power supply means LP is used when removing the lamp from the lamp socket without constantly monitoring the optical cord.
The above code can be easily detected by monitoring the current from S. The reason is that when a lamp is removed, the current supplied to that lamp socket drops to zero.

The lamp assemblies described with reference to FIGS. 1-7 may be mono-element hollow cathode lamps, or lamps exhibiting resonant line-light properties with one or more elements may be used in the same manner. Such lamps include multi-element hollow cathode lamps and electrodeless discharge lamps.

Next, referring to FIG. 9, this shows an atomic absorption spectrophotometer holding four single-element hollow cathode lamps 1 (OLI to HOL4).
LI to I (OL4 are according to the lamp assemblies described with respect to FIG.
(3R1 to GOR4, respectively, and the output terminals of these readers are connected to the microprocessor μP. The four lamps HCLI-HOL4 are held in a turret TU, which is connected to the turret control means TUO
is driven to position a selected one of the four lamps HOL, 1 to HCL4 within the optical path of the spectrophotometer. 9th
The figure shows the lamp HOI,1 in the optical path. The light beam emitted by the lamp HCLI passes from the cathode CAL through the atomizer AT. This atomizer AT can be of the conventional flame type or of the electric furnace type.

The sample to be analyzed by the spectrophotometer is supplied from the automatic sampler As to the atomizer AT. The automatic sampler As is operated by the automatic sampler control means ASO, and the atomizer A
T is activated by the atomizer control means ATO. After passing through the atomizer AT, the light beam passes through the monochromator IN.

The wavelength of the light beam passing through the monochromator MNt is the wavelength DIN
The bandwidth of the monochromator MN, i.e. the slit width, is selected by the slit control means ISO. The photomultiplier tube detector DET has an amplitude proportional to the intensity of the output beam from the monochromator IN. Outputs a voltage signal with a certain value.

A logarithmic converter LG then outputs an amplified voltage signal proportional to the logarithm of the output of the photomultiplier tube detector DET. The concentration of the element in the sample supplied to the atomizer AT and analyzed is essentially proportional to the output signal of the logarithmic converter LG.

The two electrodes in each of the lamps HOLI to HOL4 are connected to the lamp power supply LPS, but in FIG. 9, only the connection of the hollow cathode electrode OA1, etc. is diagrammatically shown by one silver wire. In the operation of this example spectrophotometer, lamp I (
OLI~l-1 (Card OO'l installed in 3L4)
As soon as ~C041 is loaded into the slot of the readers GOR1~00R4, the code readers 0CR1~0CR4 read the code of the card. This reading is then repeated as a background check routine. This routine interrupts the analog signal generated by the spectrophotometer, for example the output of the logarithmic converter LG, if necessary to be supplied to the microprocessor via the analog-to-digital converter ADO. The background check routine can be used, for example, to generate an error signal when a lamp is not in the required position.

Microcomputer MOP is microprocessor μP
, a volatile read/write memory RAM for temporarily storing data to be processed by the microprocessor, and a read-only memory ROM that holds program information for controlling the operation of the microprocessor μP. The bus BS reads and writes the microprocessor μP, IJRAM, read-only memory ROM, analog digital converter ADO, latch circuit means LH,
Lamp power supply means LPS, turret control means TUO, automatic sampler control means ASO, atomizer control means ATO,
It is connected to the slit control means MSC and the wavelength control means MWO.

In addition to storing program information, a plurality of read-only memory ROMs can be used in the spectrophotometer.
Element-related information, including in particular wavelength information, is also stored in each element-related position of each hollow@polar lamp.

More than 60 such single-element hollow cathode lamps may be used, but only one or a few can be mounted at a time into the spectrophotometer by inserting each card into the code reader OCR. Lamps, e.g. 4 lamps HOL1
) (OL4). The microprocessor μP is programmed to identify the elements of one or several lamps. The four lamps 1 (OLI~H) shown in FIG.
In the case of OL4, this identification is carried out in response to the outputs of the code reader by the microprocessor μP in sequence via the latch circuit means LH. The microprocessor μP further identifies the element;
It is also programmed to retrieve wavelength information for a lamp located in the optical path of the monochromator from the read-only memory ROM and to supply this information to the wavelength control means biWO. The turret TU and the turret control means TU (3) contain means by which the microprocessor μP can identify the lamp located in the optical path of the monochromator.

The read-only memory ROM also stores lamp current information. The microprocessor μP is an elemental code reader OCR
LPS is programmed to control the lamp power supply means LPS using the lamp current information 11 for one or more lamps identified by LPS. The microprocessor μP uses the maximum pump current information retrieved from the code by the code reader OCR together with the lamp current information retrieved from the read-only memory IJ ROM to control the lamp power supply means LPS. is advantageous. storing lamp current information in a read-only memory ROM at a location associated with each element of each of the plurality of hollow cathode lamps if the code does not include an information element representing the maximum lamp operating current of each lamp; This allows the operating current of each lamp to be completely reduced.

Information is stored in a read-only memory ROM for performing a spectrophotometer analysis procedure for automatically analyzing one or more samples for a single element in one of a plurality of hollow negative lamps. requires both element-related information and sample-related information. This automated analysis operation creates an information set consisting of both types of information, read and write notes that are non-volatile for at least the duration of the analysis in question! JNVM
Continuously store and execute. A microprocessor μP is connected to this memory NVM via a bus BS and is programmed to control the analysis using the information set described above.

The information regarding the elements within each information set in the memo IJ N V M is retrieved from the read-only memory ROM and is executed by the microprocessor μ upon identification of the respective lamp element.
P to the memory NVM.

Information regarding this element includes the aforementioned wavelength information and slit width information supplied to the slit width control means ISO. If the atomizer AT is a flame type, the information on the elements that can be retrieved from the read-only memo IJ ROM includes information specifying the type and flow rate of fuel to be supplied to the atomizer control means ATO, and measurement time information. can also be included. This measurement time information determines the time m1 when the output signal of the detector DET, which is received via the logarithmic converter LAG and the analog-to-digital converter ADO, is averaged by the microprocessor μP in order to reduce the noise of the signal. stipulate. When the atomizer AT is of an electric furnace type, the information regarding the element similarly includes wavelength information and slit width information, further includes furnace heating information supplied to the atomizer control means ATO, and further includes information on the detector DET. Measurement time information associated with determining peak height and peak area from the output signal may also be included.

The information regarding the sample within each information set in the memory NVM can be entered by the user of the spectrophotometer into the appropriate location in the memory NVM by means of a keypad KPD connected to the microprocessor μP via the bus BS. . This sample information includes the number of standard concentration samples to be held in the automatic sampler AS and information identifying the concentrations of these standard samples. Spectrophotometers are usually equipped with background correction means (which are well known and will not be discussed in detail here), in which case information about the sample is used to specify a specific background correction. Also include information indicating whether it should be used for analysis. Furthermore, in this case, the information regarding the elements may include an overriding instruction for switching off the background correction for elements for which the wavelength of the light beam to be passed by the monochromator is greater than or equal to a predetermined value.

The analysis results of one or more samples for a single element can be read and written on the volatile microcomputer MOP!
It is temporarily stored in the JRAM and is finally outputted to a suitable recorder, for example the illustrated printer PRI and display device C (not shown), which are connected to the microprocessor μP by a bus BS.

For convenience of explanation, the automatic sampler AS will be of a type particularly suitable for use with either a flame atomizer AT or an electric furnace atomizer AT, as the case may be. Furthermore, the automatic sampler control means ASO are usually partly specific to a particular automatic sampler AS, and are also integrated in this sampler and partly permanently coupled to the microprocessor μP, and the spectroscopic yC It is located within the body of the liver. It is well known in atomic absorption spectrophotometers to provide one type of atomizer for primary use and to provide other types of atomizers for use as accessories.

For example, atomic absorption spectrophotometers are known which are primarily used in flame mode, but can also be used in electric furnace mode. In this case, atomizer control means ATO for the electric heating furnace are provided as an accessory, the electric heating furnace being arranged within the body of the device and permanently coupled to the microprocessor μP. In this case, suitable sensors (not shown) are provided to enable the microprocessor μP to identify the type of atomizer AT and the autosampler AS so as to take appropriate action. In the above-described case where the atomizer SR means is provided as an accessory to the spectrophotometer, the control means itself may be provided with a non-volatile read/write memory in which multiple sets of furnace heating cycle information may be stored. can. Although this information was assumed to be retrieved from a read-only memory ROM in the case described above, it could alternatively be stored in a non-volatile read-write memory of the furnace atomizer control means, in which case such non-volatile read-write The write memory can be considered as part of the non-volatile read-write memory NVM that stores the entire information set for analysis.

Non-volatile read-write memo! JNVM has a storage capacity for storing a plurality of f# report sets as described above. Thus -C, the analysis sequence of a spectrophotometer for sequentially analyzing one or more samples held in a sampler AS for each of a set of elements is -
It is controlled by a microprocessor μP which is programmed to sequentially use each set of a plurality of information sets, each corresponding to each element of the set of elements. Several information sets are continuously accumulated in the read-write memo IJ N V M during at least the duration of the analysis sequence.

For example, the memo IJ N V M has a storage compartment that stores at least four information sets corresponding to each of the four single-element hollow cathode lamps HCL 1 to HCL 4 shown in FIG. do. When using four such lamps, the information about the elements in each information set can be retrieved from the read-only memory IJ ROM.

The spectrophotometer may also use lamps other than those described with respect to Figures 1-7 which are coded to identify each element.

For example, each of the four turret lamp positions could be equipped with a conventional single-element hollow cathode lamp. In this case, the user of the spectrophotometer can easily provide the microprocessor μP with information identifying each lamp element via the keypad KPD, and the microprocessor μP will respond with a read-only memo! , retrieves information about the necessary elements from IRON and stores this information in non-volatile memory NV.
It can be transferred to M for use. In other examples, conventional electrodeless discharge lamps may be mounted in each of the four turret lamp positions. In this case as well, the user can provide information on distinguishing each element of the lamp using the keypad KPD, and the user must also provide information on the auxiliary power source for operating the electrodeless discharge lamp. Yet another example is the use of multi-element hollow cathode lamps. These lamps may be conventional, in which case the user uses the keypad KPD to provide information identifying the lamp as a multi-element lamp, identifying the lamp elements, and lamp current information. give. In a variation of this example, a multi-element hollow cathode lamp is provided with a coded card, which is passed to a code reader CO.
R to provide lamp current information and multi-element lamp identification information. In this case, the user only needs to provide information identifying the element of the lamp via the keypad KPD, and the microprocessor μP retrieves information about the element from the read-only memory ROM.
This is a non-volatile read/write memory.

Program to transfer to each separate set of information for each element in the NVM.

The spectrophotometer is equipped with a manual overriding feature that allows the user to use the keypad KPD to change the information set in the non-volatile read/write memo IJ N V M to be different from the information retrieved from the read-only memory ROM. Information can be entered.

An external computer (not shown) can be connected to the bus BS via a suitable interface circuit.

The use of an external computer can enhance the functionality of the non-volatile read/write memory 'JNVM, thereby further facilitating automated operation of the spectrophotometer. Once an information set consisting of elemental information and sample information, such as those described above, has been entered into the non-volatile memory NVM for a particular analysis, this information set can be transferred to an external computer and Even if the storage capacity of a non-volatile memory NVM has been completely used for various analyses, the information set can be recalled at any time and used repeatedly for the same analysis.

In the description of the atomic absorption spectrophotometer described above with reference to FIG. 9, only the features related to the present invention in such a spectrophotometer have been described, but it is clear that there are various other features. For example, the output of the lamp W source means is usually modulated, in which case the signal from the detector DET is correspondingly demodulated before being processed by the logarithmic converter LG. In addition, gain control can be applied to the detector and output device DET (this can be automated). Also, double beam operation, J,! In atomic absorption spectroscopy, a reference optical path that bypasses the IJ atomizer is provided, and the signal obtained from this reference optical path is used to provide a baseline correction that eliminates drift in the output of the instrument, particularly the hollow cathode lamp and the detector output. As a total option, 1H1 is something to know. In the case of the spectrophotometer described above with reference to FIG. 9, which can be operated automatically over long periods of time, dual beam operation is particularly advantageous and it is particularly advantageous to introduce it.

FIG. 10 shows a flow chart of the operation of the spectrophotometer shown in FIG.

In action 1 "Switch On", the user switches on the power to the spectrophotometer. Operation 2'' In the initial rice, the user installs the four single element hollow shade 41 lamps HGL1 to HOL4 into the turret TU, electrically connects them, and non-volatile reads and writes the four corresponding information sets. Note IJ N V M. The position where the lamp is positioned on the optical axis of the spectrophotometer, i.e.
There is no more than one lamp loading position that corresponds to the position of lamp HOLI as shown. As each lamp is sequentially positioned in the loading position, the microprocessor μP retrieves information regarding the relevant element of each information set from the read-only memory ROM from the code read by the code reader 001-CO4. In response to identifying the lamp, it can be transferred to the appropriate location in the non-volatile memory NVM.

Once each lamp is in the loading position, the user can press the keypad to display information about that specimen in each information set.
The memory NVM can be input by the PD and microprocessor. The spectrophotometer operates automatically! 11 For a new sample set in sampler AS, the same lamp HO
The immediately previous analysis sequence may be repeated for another set of samples for elements LI-HOL4. In this case, the user does not need to perform step 2 of ``6 Initialize'' because the lamp is already installed and the corresponding information set is in the non-volatile memory IJ N V M before ``switch on''. In operation 86, the user switches on the lamp source means LPS for each lamp in turn, and in response to this operation for each lamp, the micro 7'o setter μP switches on the lamp source means LPS from the non-volatile memory NVM. Appropriate lamp current information is sequentially extracted and supplied to the lamp power supply means LPS. If the atomizer AT is a flame type, operation 2 or 8
After that, the user needs to ignite the flame of the atomizer AT (not shown). In operation 4 "Automatic sunglasses start", the user starts the operation of the automatic sampler As, and in response to this operation, appropriate information is transmitted to the automatic sampler control hand yh.
A read/write memo is input from the sc to the IJ RAM, after which the operation of the spectrophotometer can be fully automated under the illumination of the microprocessor μP in the absence of other interruptions by the user.

In response to action 4, microprocessor μP performs action 5”
``Set to N - 1'', where N represents the count of the turret. , 4 lamps HOLI~
Determine which lamp of HOL4 should be placed in the optical path and which information set in the non-volatile memory IJ N V M will be used by the microprocessor μP during this analysis. Turret Curran) N is stored in read-write memory during each analysis. In response to action 5, microprocessor μP executes action 6 ``Set lamp turret to N''. In this operation, the turret TU
is driven to a position tN by the turret control means TUO.
At this stage N-1 corresponds, for example, to the lamp HOLI). In response to action 6, the microprocessor μP performs action 7.
In this operation 7, the slit width of the monochromator MN is set by the slit control means MSO using the slit width information obtained from the information set in the non-volatile memory NVM, and then the microprocessor μP In operation 8, the wavelength of the monochromator MN is set by the wavelength control means MWC using the wavelength information from the information set in the nonvolatile memory IJNVM. As is customary, the gain of the detector DET is automatically adjusted in conjunction with setting the wavelength of the monochromator. Also, in response to action 6, the microprocessor μP saves measurement time information to a non-volatile memory IJ N V A volatile read-write memory RA from M is transferred to M and made available to the microprocessor μP during successive measurements of the sample for one element.

Following operation 8, the microprocessor μP executes operation 9 ``blank 11 constant'' at m11@. In this operation 9, under the control of the automatic sampler control means ASO, the automatic sampler AS supplies a sample to the atomizer AT in which the concentration of one element to be analyzed in the sample set is nominally zero. This sample is atomized by the atomizer AT under the control of the atomizer control means AT (3), and the output signal of the detector DET is converted to a logarithmic converter L.
G and the analog-to-digital converter ADC to the microprocessor μP, and the result is read out and written to the memory RA as a baseline measurement representing the zero concentration of that element during the analysis of a sample set for that element.
It is stored in M. When the atomizer AT is a flame type, the microprocessor μP is a non-volatile memory NV.
M provides information about the fuel type and flow rate to the atomizer control means ATC so as to atomize this sample and all samples to be subsequently analyzed for a particular element.

When the atomizer AT is an electric furnace type, the microprocessor μP supplies furnace heating cycle information from the non-volatile memory NVM to the atomizer control means AT (3), and controls all the samples to be analyzed for the sample and the next specific element. The sample is atomized. Following operation 9, the microprocessor μP controls operation 10 ``Standard Sample Measurement''. The standard samples present in the information set, i.e. samples of known concentration, are sequentially applied to the atomizer AT by an automatic sampler As.In each case, the output signal of the detector DET is passed through an analog-to-digital converter ADO to a microprocessor μP. The absorbance result is calculated compared with the baseline measurement in the read-write memory RAM and then stored in the read-write memory IJ RAM.Following operation 10, the microprocessor μP Operation 11 "Calibration" is performed. In this operation, the microprocessor μP uses the non-volatile memory N
Extract the known concentration value of the standard sample from the related information set in the VM, read the stiff concentration value in operation 10, and write a memo! A set of calibration coefficients is calculated together with the absorbance results of the standard samples stored in the J RAM, and these coefficients are then read out during analysis for one element and stored in the write memory RAM.
Accumulate in. These calibration factors allow functions known as scale expansion and curvature correction to be applied to subsequent sample measurements.

Following operation 11, the microprocessor μP performs operation 12''
"Sample measurement, calculation, concentration value accumulation" is carried out. In this operation, one sample from the sample sample to be analyzed for a single element is fed to the atomizer AT by the automatic sampler AS.

The absorbance result for the sample derived from the output signal of the detector DET is read out and supplied to the glance memory RAM, and the calibration coefficient stored in this memory RAM is applied to the absorbance result to obtain the concentration result. is read and stored in the write memory RAM. Next to operation 12, the microprocessor μP is operated by 18'''End of self-introduction sampler?''
In this operation, the automatic sampler control means ASO detects whether the automatic sampler As has reached the end of its operation and there is no more sample to be measured.

If the answer is “NO”, proceed to the next operation 1 for the next sample.
Repeat step 2. Operation 12 is performed for all samples, and each concentration result is read and written as a memo (IJ R), H
When accumulated, operation 13 outputs the answer YES,
Microprocessor μP operates 14″N-Lim1t
? In this operation, the turret count N is checked to determine whether it corresponds to the number of turret positions, for example four turret positions in the example shown in FIG. As shown, in the first analysis N-1 operation 14 outputs the answer 'No'' and in response microprocessor μP outputs operation 15'' N-N
Execute +1 (turret callan) and increase the value of N. In response to action 15, the microprocessor μP executes action 6, in which it advances the lamp TU to the next position, brings the next lamp HOL2 into the optical path of the spectrophotometer, and performs action 7.
.about.18 is repeated to read and provide another set of concentration results to the write memory RAM.

This is for the same sample set in the autosampler AS for a single element in the next lamp HOL2. Finally, if the answer to operation 14 is "yes", the microprocessor μP executes operation 16''Print result; stop''.In this operation, all single element lamps HOLI~ The concentration results of all the samples of the sample set in the automatic sampler As for the elements of HOL4 are compared from the output memory RAM and summarized in a table and printed by the printer PRI, after which the spectrophotometer is stopped, That is, most of the cage sources are switched off and put into a dormant state.

Next, if an analysis sequence is desired for a new sample set, the user can start the entire sequence of operations from operation 1.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view and end view showing a first example of a resonant line light source lamp in the form of a hollow cathode lamp used in a spectrophotometer according to the present invention; FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a second example thereof; Figure 3 is the second
Figure 4 is a sectional view of the card reader shown in Figure 8 taken along line A-A; Figure 5 is the hollow cathode lamp shown in Figure 1. Fig. 6 is a side view and an end front view showing an eighth example of a resonant line light source lamp in the form of a hollow cathode lamp used in a spectrophotometer according to the present invention; ; Figure 7 is a side view showing the sensor combined with the hollow cathode lamp shown in Figure 6; Figure 8 is a side view showing the hollow cathode lamp shown in Figure 6 and the four card readers held together. Figure 9 is a block diagram of an atomic absorption spectrophotometer using four lamp assemblies; Figure 10 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the spectrophotometer shown in Figure 9. It is. HCL...Light source lamp SE...Airtight container OA...
・Hollow cathode AN...Anode PL, P2...Terminal pin BA...Base RE...Concave Co...Card LU...Tabular ST...String RE...Notch OCR ...Card reader CC8
...Slot CCH...Housing LED...
Light emitting diode PHD...Photodiode 0RO1
,0RO2...Cable TU...Turret BP...Substrate SLF...Protrusion PR...Protrusion PRH...Housing μP...Microprocessor PA'・TUO...Turret control means AT ...Atomizer ATO...Atomizer control means As...Automatic sampler ASO...Automatic sampler IT+I+Control means LPS...
・Lamp power supply means MN... Monochromator MWO・
... Wavelength control means l5 (3... Slit control means D
ET...detector LG...logarithmic converter ADO...
Analog-digital converter MOP...Microcomputer RAM...Read/write memory ROM...Read only memory BS...Bus LH...Latch circuit NVM...Read/write memory KPD...Key pad PRI...Printer. 272-P)(D

Claims (1)

[Scope of the Claims] A light source lamp exhibiting resonant line light characteristics of 11 or more elements; a monochromator that transmits a light beam of selected wavelength characteristics of the one or more elements; and a monochromator responsive to provided wavelength information. a wavelength control means for setting the monochromator to the selected wavelength; a microprocessor; a memory for storing wavelength information at a position associated with one or more elements of each of the plurality of lamps; and the microprocessor. identification means for identifying one or more elements of the light source lamp, and transmitting wavelength information retrieved from the memory for the identified element to the wavelength control means. In an atomic absorption spectrometer hour hand, the microprocessor is arranged to supply a light source lamp, encoded by a protrusion or a recess, or both, formed in the lamp or an object attached to the lamp; a sensor for providing an electrical signal to a microprocessor in response to a pattern of one or both of the protrusions and/or recesses in the light source lamp; An atomic absorption spectrophotometer characterized by being able to be identified. 2. In the atomic absorption spectrophotometer according to claim 1, a card having either a protrusion or a recess, or both, is attached to the light source lamp, a sensor is provided in a main body with a slot, and a card is provided in the slot. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer characterized in that a card is loaded so that the card can be read. & In the atomic absorption spectrophotometer according to claim 2, the card is a perforated card having several holes;
An atomic absorption spectrophotometer characterized in that the sensor is composed of one light source and M lit photodetectors. 4. In the atomic absorption spectrophotometer according to claim 3, the sensor is composed of an array of light emitting diodes regularly arranged and an array of photodiodes similarly arranged opposite to this array, and a perforated card. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer, characterized in that the atomic absorption spectrophotometer is positioned between both of the arrays. In the atomic absorption spectrophotometer according to claim 1, the light source lamp is provided with a cap coded by a plurality of protrusions, and a sensor is provided for detecting the presence of a protrusion at a predetermined position of the cap. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer characterized by: a. The atomic absorption spectrophotometer according to claim 5, characterized in that the sensor is constructed by combining one light emitting diode and one photodiode that are momentarily contacted at each predetermined position. Spectrophotometer. ? , Claims] In the atomic absorption spectrophotometer according to any one of 2 and 5, the sensor is engaged with either or both of the protrusion or the recess, and the sensor is engaged with the protrusion or the recess, or the sensor is engaged with the protrusion or the recess, or the atomic absorption spectrophotometer according to claim 1. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer comprising a spring-loaded member arranged to operate one or more switches. 8. The atomic absorption spectrophotometer according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the spectrophotometer includes a lamp turret that holds a plurality of light source lamps, and a sensor is provided at each lamp position of the turret. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer characterized by: 9I8 - An atomic absorption spectrophotometer according to any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the code also represents a lamp operating current, and the spectrophotometer comprises lamp power supply means and a memory for storing lamp current information. , wherein the lamp current information from the memory is used together with other lamp current information retrieved from a sensor to program the microprocessor to control the lamp power supply means. Photometer. 10. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the memory is a read-only memory. LL In the atomic absorption spectrophotometer according to claim 1, wherein the memory is a read-only memory, the analysis operation of the spectrophotometer for analyzing one or more samples for the elements of the lamp is read out at least during the period of the analysis. controlled by a microprocessor that is programmed to use a set of information that is continuously stored in one write memory;
and said information set comprises information regarding an element including said wavelength information, such that said information is retrievable from a read-only memory for said element together with information regarding said sample that may be retrieved from elsewhere for said one or more samples. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer characterized by: 12. The atomic absorption spectrophotometer according to claim 11, wherein the spectrophotometer has a holding means for holding one or more light source lamps together with a sensor at the same time, and the sensor has seven outputs. each light source lamp retained to be connected to the microprocessor, the spectrophotometer also having means for sequentially positioning one lamp of the lamp assembly within the optical path of the monochromator; The analysis sequence of the spectrophotometer in which the above samples are sequentially analyzed for each of a set of elements with the light source lamp for each element in the set forming part of the lamp assembly is described in monochrome. mJ holding and positioning is programmed to control means for positioning said lamp emitting a light characteristic for each element of said set of elements in sequence in the optical path of said meter;
controlled by a microprocessor programmed to use a plurality of information sets, one for each element in the set of elements, stored continuously in a read-write memory at least during the analysis sequence; An atomic absorption spectrophotometer characterized by: