JPS6068040A - Dispersant - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a dispersant for dispersing hydrophobic solid particles in water, a method for producing the dispersant, and a method for producing the dispersant for dispersing coal particles in water. Regarding usage.

The dispersants of the present invention are substances consisting of fatty acids, resin acids and/or derivatives of both of the above acids, such as crude tall oil.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Crude tall oil is obtained as a by-product in the kraft valve process or the sulfate pulp process. The black liquor separated from the pulp contains sulfate soap, and if this soap is separated and oxidized, crude tall oil is produced. Typically, sulfuric acid is used for this ring opening. However, in addition to the ring-opening reaction, reactions in which sodium soaps of fatty acids and resin acids are esterified or sulfonated are also possible. This is especially evident from the fact that tall oil ring-opened with sulfuric acid has properties that cannot be obtained from tall oil ring-opened with a weak acid. With this in mind, the expression crude tall oil also encompasses the highly extractable materials produced in the sulfite valve process.

Crude tall oil is composed of fatty acids, resin acids and natural substances. The fatty acid is a mixture of oleic acid and linoleic acid containing other saturated acids and polymerized saturated acids, and the resin acid is a diterpene having a hard hydrophobic moiety.

The neutral part of crude tall oil is mainly composed of polycyclic hydrocarbons,
It is composed of sterols and high molecular weight alcohols such as beta-sitosterol, bedrine, and long-chain aliphatic alcohols. m of the above neutral part is wood furnish,
It varies depending on pines, which produce about 10% neutrals, and campas, which produce around 30% extractive neutrals.

Mono-aloyl fatty acids, mono-aloyl oleo-resin acids and pitch are obtained. The economics of the process depends on the composition of the tall oil and also on the composition of the wood furnish supplied to the sulfate pulp industry. Among the 111i14+-- oils, there are some that can be distilled economically and have a delicate composition.

The trend over the past few years has been an increase in camphor species and a decrease in pine species, which has led to the spread of tall oils that are unsuitable for distillation. The company is struggling to sell its tall oil, and in some cases, its tall oil can flare up.

Crude tall oil suitable for distillation generally has a composition in the following ranges.

Acid value: 120-170 Fatty acid content: 32-55% Resin content: 11-50% Unsaponifiable content: 5-24% A typical crude tall oil produced in Northern Europe has the following composition.

Acid value: 143 Resin content: 30% Unsaponifiable content: 15% The composition of tall oil varies depending on the type of tree used in the bulb method as well as the region where the tree is grown. Pulp cooked using only camphors contains about 70% fatty acids and 30% unsaponifiables.

Resin acids are present only in coniferous trees.

Uncharged particles having a colloidal size, that is, about 0.1 μm or less, as well as large particles commonly referred to as coarsely dispersed particles, tend to aggregate in a solution and form particle aggregates. The formation of such agglomerates can be prevented by following known principles such as steric or electrostatic stabilization of particles. In steric stabilization using polymers, polymer molecules are absorbed onto the particle surface. It has long been known that the best polymer for this purpose should have a portion that has an affinity for the dispersion medium and a portion that is attracted to the particles. It is also well known that the addition of substances with ionic groups, such as polyelectrolytes, increases the stability of the particles. In the case of large particles that cause sedimentation due to the influence of specific gravity, stabilization is also required to prevent sedimentation.

The idea of dispersing coal particles in water is the 11th U.S. Patent Specification.
No. 358293). The dispersant in this case is a nonionic polyalkylene oxide compound that has a hydrophobic part and a hydrophilic part, and the hydrophilic part is composed of at least 100 ethylene 4-site units.

It is also possible to disperse coal particles in water using several different additives.
It is known from No. 0. Examples of additives: [Well, it is a surfactant that is absorbed on the particle surface, induces repulsion between particles, causes hydrophilic polymers to interact with each other, and does not cause steric hindrance. .

Dispersants h for dispersing coal particles in water are described in Swedish Patent Publication No. 83.01502-4. This dispersant is obtained by an estefray reaction of tall oil bits and polyalkylene glycol.

Both tall oil fatty acids and tall oil resin acids can produce products with dispersing properties, for example by reaction with polyethylene glycol.
L++~1+, Iju engineering 1-1 no Tsuno fIIM-J
A partial saponification reaction of +7"P or its derivatives upon heating results in a dispersant suitable for dispersing hydrophobic solid particles in water. This product can be saponified with polyethylene glycol under the same conditions. Compared to tall oil fatty acids, it has extremely superior properties in terms of its ability to form particle dispersions with high solids fractions and liquid flow.

Problem to be Solved: Increasing the viscosity of crude tall oil, i.e. increasing the tall oil molecules before the esterification reaction, provides an improved dispersant suitable for dispersing solid particles in water. I have come to the conclusion that this is possible. Polymerization of different components of crude tall oil, such as fatty acids, resin acids, and derivatives of both of these acids, also yields products with increased molecular weight that can be used to make improved dispersants.

Means for Solving the Problems Fatty acids may be of either saturated or unsaturated type, but must have at least 10 carbon atoms, preferably at least 16 carbon atoms. Examples of fatty acids are valmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, lylunic acid and virdic acid.

The dispersant of the present invention contains at least im components selected from the group consisting of polymerized fatty acids, polymerized resin acids, optionally polymerized fatty acid derivatives, and optionally polymerized resin acid derivatives,
The component is partially saponified in advance with any one of polyalkylene glycol, polyalkylene glycol monoester, and polyalkylene glycol monoether, and has a residual acid value of 3 or more.

Polymerized fatty acids are dimers, dimers or low polymers obtained by polymerizing one or more different fatty acids. Dimer fatty acids in particular produce high performance dispersants.

Examples of optionally polymerized fat M derivatives or resin acid derivatives are polymerized mixtures of fatty acids and different fatty acids, resin acids and/or higher alcohols or other natural substances polymerized with resin acids or other compounds.

A suitable example of a dispersant according to the invention is polymerized to at least double the viscosity at 50'C, partially saponified with a polyalkylene glycol or a monoester thereof or a monoether thereof, and has a residual acid number of 3 or more. It is a crude tall oil with a

By increasing the average molecular m of crude tall oil or its components, various physical properties as a dispersant can be achieved after partial saponification with polyethylene glycol.

The reason for this is that it is desirable that the hydrophobic unit to which the heterologous parent group as an acid or hydroxyl group is to be attached is sufficiently large. A polyethylene glycol chain is added to carvone MM. The molecules thus formed have suitable properties in terms of interaction with water necessary to act as a dispersant. More specifically, the so-called water-insoluble part of the above molecules is adsorbed on the hydrophobic surface of the particle, while the water-soluble part of the molecule interacts strongly with water, resulting in a 1° particle. The molecules adsorbed on act as steric protectors via the polyethylene glycol chains and, at the same time, as electrostatic protectors via the charged groups under neutral l)H values.

Both of these protection mechanisms counteract the agglomeration of the particles due to the attractive forces between the particles (van der Waals attraction). The particle size of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic portions is critical to the performance of a dispersant.

As is known from the literature, the steric protecting ability of a polyethylene oxide chain depends on its chain length. The particle size and type of the hydrophobic portion also affect the adsorption of the dispersant to the particle surface in an aqueous solution.

An increase in the average molecular weight results in an increase in viscosity, but does not result in the formation of linear bonds.

Elnila rotational viscometer (Reciprotor A/S),
It has been found that if the viscosity of the crude oil is 1,000 mpa-s at 50[deg.] C., it exhibits gentle dispersion ability.

It is also important that the residual acid value of the obtained product is 3 or more. In other words, even after the partial saponification reaction, a sufficient number of free 'M groups must remain to contribute to electrostatic repulsion between dispersed particles. Products with a residual acid value of 3 or less or about 3 have clearly inferior physical properties when compared to products with a high residual acid value. The range considered to be suitable residual Mg5 is 5-12.

Crude tall oil can be polymerized by known methods.

If crude tall oil is heated in the optional presence of a catalyst, a reaction occurs without causing any particular increase in viscosity. An example of a chemical reaction that occurs in this case is an esterification reaction in which acid groups present in the crude tall oil react with alcohol. The esterification reaction is a catalytic reaction using a strong acid such as sulfuric acid or sulfuric acid residues present in the crude tall oil separated from the ring opening step.

Crude tall oil, due to the presence of free alcohol, has a
However, as a general rule, these hydroxyl groups are removed during the polymerization reaction.

Another example of the above chemical reaction is the Diels-Alder reaction between molecules having isolated or conjugated double bonds. What is important for the extraction of the compound produced by the Diels-Alder reaction is the ratio of conjugated double bonds. Conjugation of isolated double bonds is catalyzed by an1-hracene. When anthracene is added to the diester in the sulfate pulping process, the anthracene is inherent in the crude tall oil.

Dispersants according to one aspect of the invention include fatty acid derivatives or resin acid derivatives derived from fatty acids or resin acids having conjugated double bonds, both of which have a number of carboxylic acid groups. It was previously reacted by the Diels-Alder method.

Yet another example of the above chemical reaction is the oxidative polymerization of crude tall oil. This polymerization reaction is a reaction between oxygen and olefins, and is known to be accompanied by the formation of a high concentration of M leaving groups. Therefore, the crude tall oil polymerization reaction described herein is accelerated by the supply of air.

Boron trifluoride (BFi) is a strong Lewis acid.

As is clear from the literature, BF9 is a known polymerizing agent suitable for double bond-containing compounds such as, for example, animal and vegetable oils. Terpenes such as alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, dipentene, and squalene can also be polymerized by BF'9. The reaction of BF3 with fatty acids or resin acids is known from the literature. If BF9 is used, fatty acids or resin acids can also be reacted with alcohols.

Addition of polyfunctional alcohols and acids during heating is also a means of increasing the viscosity of crude tall oil.

Dispersants according to another aspect of the invention include fatty acid derivatives or resin acid derivatives derived from fatty acids or resin acids, both of which have been previously reacted with polyfunctional alcohols and/or carboxylic acids. be.

Suitable examples of polybasic acids are principally maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, isophthalic anhydride and 1-limellitic acid.

Suitable examples of polyhydric alcohols are principally ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycerol, 1-limethylolpropane, ditrimethylolpropane, monopentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol and neopentyl gelcol.

In this case, substances having hydroxyl or carboxyl groups, such as dimedylolprobionic acid, may be used.

The traditional method of increasing molecular weight is stand oil boiling. Treatment with boric acid can also polymerize crude tall oil. It is known from the literature that boric acid forms pyrone nuclei when reacting with fatty acids.

The improved dispersant of the present invention can be obtained by distilling the polymerized crude tall oil to increase the number of large molecules before the partial saponification reaction.

The residual oil obtained when fatty acids are distilled off from fats or oils of animal and vegetable sources is partially saponified with polyalkylene glycol or its monoester or monoether,
It is also possible to produce a dispersant with excellent physical properties.

The dispersant of the present invention is obtained by reacting polymerized crude tall oil with polyalkylene glycol or its monoester or monoether. Since it is essential for the polyalkylene glycol in the present invention to be hydrophobic, those mainly composed of ethylene oxide units are used. A suitable example of a monoester of polyalkylene glycol is a monoether of the general formula R-COOH (wherein R represents a hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 1 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms). Examples include alkyl ethers in which the alkyl group has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms, such as those with the general formula R-0-(cH2CH20)n CH2
-CH20H (wherein R is an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms,
n means an integer below 123). From an economic point of view, polyethylene glycol is preferred.

In order for the above-mentioned polyalkylene glycols to exhibit a significant steric hindrance effect, it is essential that they have a high molecular weight of at least 600. The convenient range of its molecular weight is /I-
,000 to 100.000, but it is also applicable even if it is 100.000 or more.

In producing the dispersant of the present invention, polymerized tall oil and polyalkylene glycol or its monoester or monoether are mixed in a ratio of 1Q:90 to 90:10, preferably 3
The reaction is carried out in a ratio of 0:70 to 70:30 under heated mixing for a period of time such that the acid number falls to at least 2. Multiple use of tall oil can yield a less expensive product, while multiple use of polyalkylene glycol can yield a product with better performance.

When polyethylene glycol and crude tall oil are used as reactants, the reaction takes place at a temperature of 200-300°C under atmospheric pressure.
, preferably at 230 to 280° C. and for a reaction time of 1 to 12 hours.

It goes without saying that these reaction conditions will vary depending on the desired molecular weight and residual oxidation.

The dispersant of the present invention is used to prepare a so-called coal-water slurry by dispersing coal particles in water. In the past, various methods have been proposed for conditioning and stabilizing coal-water slurries. At the beginning, if a slurry with a high coal content is prepared, the coal can be transferred in liquid form,
It is also said that it can be combusted. This slurry method allows for less dangerous and environmentally friendly handling compared to handling dry solid coal or petroleum. The addition of certain chemicals is required to adjust the coal-water slurry to a predetermined concentration range. Addition of conventional dispersants prepares aqueous dispersions of pulverized coal, but such dispersions require expensive pumping, making it difficult to adopt new technologies. The dispersant of the present invention contains at least one component selected from the group consisting of polymerized fatty acids, polymerized resin acids, optionally polymerized fatty acid derivatives, and optionally polymerized resin acid derivatives, and the component is polyalkylene glycol, A dispersant that has been partially saponified in advance with any one of polyalkylene glycol monoesters and polyalkylene glycol monoethers and has a residual acid value of 3 or more, in other words, it has a variable amount of ionic groups. Through its use, it has been realized that the above-mentioned chemicals, which are important for the practical application of coal-water slurry, can be produced at low cost.

When the dispersant of the present invention is used for dispersing coal particles in water, the amount of the dispersant is 0.01 to 5%, preferably 0.01 to 5% based on the total weight.
It is convenient to use it in a proportion of 0.05 to 2%, more preferably 0.3 to 1%. Usually, the particle size range of coal is 1 to 2
00 μm.

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained based on examples. The percentages and ratios in the examples are 9g4r(+,:).

The reaction products prepared in Examples 1 to 4 described later were measured according to the oil value measurement method for pigments (Swedish Industrial Standard 17610).
5) The dispersion properties were measured. However, the values measured here do not apply to stones that can be dispersed in free-flowing products.
related to the amount of particles. The measurement procedure was as follows. 4
1 g of bituminous coal having a composition such that the particle size distribution of 0% or more was 60 to 90 μm was weighed out on a blown glass plate, and water containing 3% of a dispersant was added. When a spatula was applied to the fine ash in the resulting bituminous coal slurry, the amount of aqueous phase required to make the slurry flow easily was observed.

The measurement accuracy was ±0.5%.

The fluidity and stability of coal-water mixture (CWM), which are essential for the water absorption properties and storage durability of CWM, are
It varied depending on the adjustment method of M. To examine the reproducibility of CWM, the following procedure was used in Examples 4-8.

The dispersant was swollen in hot water at 80° C. and then homogenized in a U Itraturrax mixer. Thereafter, an alkali was added as needed. The above liquid was dropped onto pulverized coal made of sieved particles that had passed through a 250 μm mesh. 2. Place the premixed CWM in the sample dissolver. Disintegration was carried out at OOOrpm for 20 minutes.

The viscosity of the above CWM sample was measured using a Brookfield viscometer (I
The apparent viscosity was obtained by measuring with VF type, N (1'3.3 Orpm). Storage stability v1 was determined by the following penetration test which represents the tendency of agglomeration and/or sedimentation in CWM samples. Glass rod (2g, φ1,7mm)
oom! ,, It was dropped to the bottom of a CWM sample with a height of 173n+m, and the time taken to fall was measured.

Crude tall oil (so-called undistilled crude 1 to 1 liter oil) with the following analytical values was charged into a container equipped with a mechanical stirrer and a protective atmosphere. To collect the reaction water. Next, connect the reactor and receiver with a short tube.

Analytical value Acid value 134 Resin content 14% Unsaponifiable content 23% Viscosity (20℃, : [Mitsubishi 1Jiii) 505mpa
-S Crude] When the temperature of tall oil was raised to 280°C and held at the same temperature for 2 hours, the viscosity of tall oil was 1,
400 mpa-s (20°C, Emira viscometer), and the acid value was 102, a decrease of 32 units.

The following heated crude tall oil (105g) with a molecular weight of 8,
'OOO polyethylene glycol (24,5o) was mixed and the temperature of the heated mixture was maintained at 280°C for 2 hours. A 3% aqueous solution of this reaction mixture was able to disperse up to 68% of the coal.

Heating of the crude 1-ol oil and partial saponification with polyethylene glycol can also be carried out in one step. However, a somewhat poorer dispersant was produced, with a maximum dispersion of coal in the slurry of 67%.

Extractable substances from trees can also be recovered during pulp production using the sulfite process. According to the literature, this anthraquinone sulfite process is reported to produce tall oil of good quality. A fluid rich in extractables (dry fraction m40%) was obtained from the sulfite pulp process through ultrafiltration and evaporation operations.

An emulsion of water and extractables from wood could be set by adding dilute acid and heating. The acid value of the liquid phase dispensed thereafter was 63. Polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 8°000) until the acid value of this liquid phase reaches 8.
When mixed with water (1% of total mixture), a substance was produced that dispersed 69% of the coal and prepared a pourable slurry.

Acid value 1401, resin content 29%, viscosity 115111Da・
Dehydrated crude tall oil (1,6609) of S (50° C.) was charged into a reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer and a protective atmosphere. 1 Raise the temperature of the oil to 125℃ and BF
g solution (20(1)) was added. The mixture was held at 125°C for 4 hours and then the temperature was increased to 250°C. Steam was bubbled through the reaction mixture for 1 hour,
120 meters of oil was taken out along with water vapor. The acid value of the reaction product thus obtained was 120. Viscosity is 2.10
It was On+pa·S (50°C). The content of the B'F3 solution in diethyl ether was 47%.

Instead of blowing in steam, the reaction may be interrupted by adding water, but then B F 3 will be present in the reaction product.
Residues are mixed. Fatty acids and resin acids can also be treated in the same way.

The properties of various dispersants with respect to their ability to form coal-water slurries with high coal content are shown in Table 1. All these dispersants are polyethylene glycol (molecular ff 14.000) partially saponified at 280°C.

Table 1 Liquid phase Maximum coal content (%) in coal-water slurry BF3-treated fatty acids 66 BF3-treated resin acids 68 BF3-treated crude tall oil 67 Crude tall oil 66 For comparison, distilled water accounts for approximately 50% of the fluidized slurry. It should be noted that the amount of coal can be dispersed. Crude tall oil 1% (p
Addition of l-17> to distilled water does not achieve any significant dispersion effect. The chain length effect of the polyethylene glycol chain is also important to the function of the dispersant. Polymer resin acid has a maximum coal dispersibility of 68% when reacted with polyethylene glycol with a molecular group of 4,000, and 70% when the polyethylene glycol chain is extended (molecule ff 18,000).
% dispersion ability.

Pure resin acid esterified with polyethylene glycol dispersed 69% of coal in water, and pure tall oil fatty acid esterified with polyethylene glycol (molecular 88,000) had a maximum coal dispersion ability of 61%.

Both pure and combined fatty acids esterified with polyethylene glycol formed coal-water slurries with low consistency, and other dispersants also produced slurries with relatively even consistencies.

IJL-91 Polyfunctional alcohol and acid crude tall oil was added with polyfunctional alcohol and acid to increase the viscosity. Tall oil (548(+)) having the analytical value composition described in Example 1 was mixed with Polyol P.
yol PX) (burst/l/7-A・B(P
erstortl AB), 2-4(7) Miya 11aj
A compound (91) consisting of a polyhydric alcohol containing a polyhydric alcohol and maleic anhydride were charged into a reactor in the same manner as in Example 1. Acid value decreased to 34, viscosity decreased to 5, OOOmpa
The mixture was kept at 230<0>C until -s (50<0>C, Emira viscometer). This reaction mixture 105 (I) contains polyethylene glycol (molecular group 8,000) 245 (
1 was added and the concentration was raised to 280°C. The acid value of the reaction mixture after 2 hours was 9, and the 3% aqueous solution dispersed 70% of the lime.

Addition of amine to the dispersant also increased the coal content in the coal-water slurry. For dispersants. .

Add 5% diethylenetriamine and reduce the mixture to 160
After 1.5 hours at ℃, the dispersion of the slurry was further improved by 1%.

Other polyfunctionalized acids and alcohols were also capable of reacting with tall oil. The test results are shown in Table 2.

The common features in these series of tests were that a polymerization reaction occurred, polyethylene gelcol (molecules ff18,
000> and the reaction product of tall oil, trimethylolpropane, and trimethic acid after reaction at 280°C.
The viscosity of 70% CWM adjusted using 5% is 270111
pa-s, the penetration time described above was 14 seconds one week after storage.

Boiling in stand oil is a common method to increase molecular enrichment.

Tall oil fatty acid ester, residual acid value 9-11, viscosity after boiling in stand oil 300-500 mpa-s (20℃,
A mixture of H6ppler) with dipentaerythritol has a pressure of 3,500 to 6,500 mpa.
-s (20°C) viscosity. The viscosity of the product obtained by the reaction of crude tall oil, trimethylolpropane and maleic anhydride varies from 1,600 111 pa-s to 14,500 mDa-8 (50 ℃). By blowing air into the sample, it was possible to achieve the same level of viscosity increase at a slightly lower temperature of approximately 250°C.

Crude tall oil (800 (
) was charged into a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer and a reaction water collector. The tall oil was dehydrated by increasing the temperature to 185°C and then after cooling to 50°C, boric acid 24
Added 0. When the mixture was heated to 270°C and kept at the same temperature for 9 hours, the viscosity of the oil was 80 mpa.
s (50°C) to 2°250 moa-s.

The molecules increased significantly during heating of tall oil.

The above product 90 (+ and polyethylene glycol (molecule ω
8,000) 210 (l) was charged into the reactor and heated at lυ. After 1 hour at 280°C, the acid number of the mixture decreased by 3 units. 0.5% of this product was reduced to 70% CW M. The addition resulted in a viscosity of 340111 pa-3 and storage 18
A slurry was obtained that did not form solidified precipitates even after several days.

Dry crude tall oil with an acid value of 141 and a resin content of 30% (80
) and 0.1% cobalt catalyst (cobalt naphthenate) were charged into the reactor and the mixture was held at 270° C. for about 8 hours. The viscosity was 5.500 mpa·S (20°C). 30% of the highest temperature volatiles were distilled off from this product.

Polyethylene glycol (molecule ff18
,000> at 240°C, the CWM formed using additives prepared as above from crude tall oil without distillation is stored. 7
A precipitate formed after a day.

Example 7 A dispersant was prepared from pitch mainly obtained during distillation of unsaturated fatty acids having 18 carbon atoms. These fatty acids were sourced from a mixture of edible oils.

30% pitch (acid value 27) and 70% polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 8.000) were reacted at 280'C for 30 minutes. From this product, 70% C with 0.5% additive
Adjusted WM. The apparent viscosity of the obtained CWM was 3901
111]a''S, the penetration time was 8 seconds after 9 days of storage.

Example 8 As a result of trimerizing fatty acids, compared to the case of monomeric fatty acids,
The dispersibility of the corresponding polyethylene glycol esters was improved. Tall oil fatty acids (112 acid value: 192) and dimer fatty acids (oxygen value: 193) were each mixed with polyethylene glycol (molecular weight: 8,000) in a ratio of 220 to 2.
The reaction was carried out under heating at 50°C. The reaction was accompanied by a decrease in acid value. CWM (70
The dispersibility of the slurry (w/w) and the anti-sedimentation stability of the slurry were investigated.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] (1) A dispersing agent for dispersing hydrophobic particles in water, which comprises a polymerized fatty acid, a polymerized resin acid, an optionally polymerized fatty acid derivative, and an optionally polymerized resin acid derivative. comprising at least one component selected from the group, the component being partially saponified in advance with any one of polyalkylene glycol, monoester of polyalkylene glycol, and monoether of polyalkylene glycol,
A dispersant having a residual acid value of 3 or more. [2] The above fatty acid derivatives and resin acid derivatives are derived from fatty acids and resin acids having concentric double bonds, and the fatty acids and resin acids are processed by the Diels-Alder method to increase the number of carboxyl 11 groups. 2. The dispersant according to claim 1, wherein the dispersant has been previously reacted with. [3] Said fatty acid i! ii) The conductor and the resin acid derivative are derived from a fatty acid and a resin acid, and the fatty acid and the resin acid have been reacted in advance with at least one of a polyfunctional alcohol and a carboxylic acid. Dispersant as described. [4] The dispersant is prepolymerized to have a viscosity at least twice as high at 50'C, and partially saponified with any one of polyalkylene glycol, monoester of polyalkylene glycol, and monoether of polyalkylene glycol. Claim 1 characterized in that it is crude tall oil having a residual acid value of 3 or more.
Dispersant as described in section. [5] The dispersant according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the polyalkylene glycol is composed of alkylene oxide units and has a molecular weight of 600 or more. [6] The dispersant according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the polyalkylene glycol has molecular legs of 4,000 to ioo, ooo. [7] Any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the polymerized crude tall oil is distilled in advance before partial saponification to remove the highest temperature volatile components.
Dispersant as described in section. [8] The dispersant is obtained when fatty acids are distilled off from fats and oils of animal and vegetable sources, and is any one of polyalkylene glycols, monoesters of polyalkylene glycols, and monoethers of polyalkylene glycols. 2. The dispersant according to claim 1, wherein the dispersant is a residue that has been partially saponified in advance and has a residual acid value of 3 or more. [9] A method for producing a dispersant for dispersing hydrophobic solid particles in water, the method comprising crude tall oil and any one of polyalkylene glycol, polyalkylene glycol monoester, and polyalkylene glycol monoether. is esterified under heat for a period of time which reduces the acid number to at least 2. (10) A method of using a dispersant for dispersing coal particles in water, wherein the dispersant is a group consisting of a polymerized fatty acid, a polymerized resin acid, an optionally polymerized fatty acid derivative, and an optionally polymerized resin acid derivative. The component contains at least one component selected from polyalkylene glycol,
It has been partially saponified in advance with any one of a polyalkylene glycol monoester and a polyalkylene glycol monoether, and has a residual acid value of 3 or more, and the dispersant is present in an amount of 0.01 to 5% based on the total weight. A method of using a dispersant, characterized in that it is used in a proportion of . [11] The dispersant is 0.3 to 1% of the total weight
11. The method of use according to claim 10, characterized in that it is used in a proportion of . [12] The method of use according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the coal particles have a particle size of 1 to 200 μm.