JPS60502197A - Method and tractor for towing an airplane - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Method and tractor for towing an airplane The present invention provides that the head wheels of the airplane are supported on the tractor and possibly fixed. and the tractor is operated by a tractor operator. It is about how to lead.

When towing airplanes, especially large and heavy commercial airplanes, at high speeds, huge masses are involved. Safety is a very important factor as the vehicle is being moved. Furthermore, a large part of that is fuel. It is. Therefore, the main reason is that the tractor is in some way connected to and related to the aircraft. Ensure that no damage is caused to the normally connected head wheel lower carriage. is important.

From U.S. Pat. No. 4,113,041, there is a The force exerted by the tractor is continuously detected and the detection signal continuously controls the power or braking of the tractor. applied to control the nuclear force to maintain it always within an acceptable range, i.e. head wheel configuration. The head wheel is placed on the longitudinal axis in such a way that forces that are impossible for the body to absorb are not generated. Methods of stabilizing against unacceptable forces occurring in the direction are known. This publicly known In addition to this type of method, the technology of Applicable depending on the method. In both cases, the airplane's head wheel controls are inactive. It is considered to be a state. In the latter case, the head wheel runs on the ground and it is e.g. Because of this, even if the wheel hops or slides laterally, it still runs on the ground. It goes without saying that the dimensions are designed to absorb certain forces that may occur in certain cases. Ru. The head wheels of the airplane are fixed on the tractor as described by this method. If there are, the situation is different. In this case, the weight of the tractor must be taken into account. Therefore, the frictional force of the head wheel against the roadway is extremely large, and therefore the friction force on the head wheel is extremely large. ) Large lateral forces can occur.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to ensure that the structure is not tolerable when being towed. Provides a way to ensure that it is not exposed to lateral forces That's true.

The method according to the invention reduces the lateral forces exerted by the head wheels on the tractor. Continuous detection and if the detection signal exceeds a certain tolerance value, the tractor is provided with maneuvering assistance. The correction is dependent on the excess, and the excess is the and at least removed independently of the operation of the tractor operator. It is.

It is then possible to ensure that no overload occurs in the lateral direction. Be careful However, in many cases, as with the normal taxiing of an airplane, In order to maintain the Ru. When towed, the airplane's head wheel controls are normally inactive and the head wheel controls are The wheels can be rotated freely by the tractor. If you are towing However, due to the maneuver described in the present invention and which occurs due to strong crosswinds, However, if the /4' pilot discovers that the airplane has deviated from the desired course, Ilot has to cite two other means to make the amendment, viz. The means are the rudder and main wheel brakes. As is well known, both of these means are pedals. For example, by moving the left foot forward, the rudder is actuated to the left. And tilting the left foot brakes the left main wheel, thus rotating the airplane to the left. . Normally, the pilot first moves his feet fully forward, i.e., he can turn the rudder. If this is not enough, tilt the foot further, i.e., move the foot further away. Press down with your toes and brake the main wheels to one side until the desired effect is achieved. both speeds Now, this is, of course, a reflex movement made by the pilot. Therefore, the book The invention makes it possible to maneuver in exactly the same manner as the /9-eye kit normally does. It is an advantage because the amount of money must have a superior responsibility. .

Therefore, as mentioned above, the head wheel structure can withstand unacceptable forces generated in the lateral direction. It has been stabilized. In the longitudinal direction, it cannot be tolerated by the safety stop device. Although it is possible to provide for lateral forces, the preferred embodiment of the method is This is disclosed in Scope No. 2. This embodiment is consistent with the present invention because: In this case as well, the pilot must concentrate on the same control means, namely the pedals. It is from.

some form of braking to stop due to excessive speed or other reasons. If the pilot discovers the reason, all he has to do is press both pedals at the same time. And all you have to do is operate it all at once.

It is also worth noting that it is possible to correct the course for strong crosswinds. Of course, the present invention also allows the pilot to take active control. and make it possible.

Furthermore, the present invention provides a tractor carrying out the method, which supports a head wheel and has multiple The present invention relates to a type of tractor equipped with a stand for fixing the parts. this truck A motor is installed inside or on the pedestal to detect the lateral thrust to the head wheel. has a force sensing means disposed on its side, and the force has a specific value based on the detection. If the amount exceeds, the excess amount shall be at least 5. adapted to act on the tractor's steering wheels to provide steering corrections such that the It is characterized by having an arithmetic and control unit.

In one embodiment, the platform is mounted on a lateral slide. Ru. At that time, by appropriately lubricating the guide or bearing of the slide, It is possible to obtain a good measurement basis for the directional forces.

An improvement of the embodiment is that the side of the slide has a vertical plate that abuts the side of the head wheel. are provided, and their distance from each other is adjustable, for measuring lateral forces. means connected to said slide and substantially retaining it; It is composed of more than one fluid piston cylinder and the pressure inside the cylinder is It is characterized by being provided with a means for measuring. At that time, turn the head wheel vertically. The desired continuous measurements can be carried out in a simple manner while being held in a fixed position. It is possible. An improvement to this configuration is that the rear end of the slide is provided with a flexible plate whose bottom part is hinged. Finally, said flexible plate is adapted to abut the rear part of the head wheel in its raised position. and is held and controlled by a pressure cylinder.

is possible. When fixing a hinged swivel plate or back plate to a tractor, Consider the friction between the plate and the head wheel when there is traction between the plane and the plane. Therefore, the measurement of lateral forces will not be accurate.

A type that allows so-called crab steering, where all four wheels are steered and deflected in the same direction. In the case of a tractor, the calculation and control unit applies steering corrections to all wheels of the tractor. It is characterized by being adapted to be able to

In this case, when moving the tractor to the desired position, the pilot must In an emergency, the operator may wish to take a different course than the one chosen. This makes it possible to obtain more rapid control when traveling through curves at low speed.

Furthermore, the tractor based on the present invention is equipped with an airplane tractor equipped with an arithmetic and control unit. It is possible to have a tableau displaying types.

In connection with such a tug row, the tractor according to the invention can be Program the type of airplane above the corresponding means in the driver's cab. It is possible to provide a means for Multiple tractor drive means can be adapted to lock unless the ramming is identical. It is possible.

Make sure the tractor is programmed for the correct type of airplane. It is possible to obtain double guarantees. For example, someone other than a tractor operator Allows a person to make adjustments externally.

Finally, the tractor according to the invention has a torque or A means of measuring the reaction generated from a torque such as If the connection between the airplane and the tractor is released and/or the tractor is It is possible to provide means for preventing the movement of.

As mentioned above, when the airplane is being towed by a tractor, the head wheel control of the airplane is disabled. state), that is, the head wheel is free to rotate within its rotation angle. child This technique allows the tractor operator to adjust the head wheels to an acceptable limit when moving the airplane. If the head wheel is rotated beyond the limit, i.e. with the effect of colliding with a stationary body, Achieving the purpose of protecting the one-head wheel arrangement against overload.

The present invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows one of the tractors based on the present invention. A side view of the embodiment, Figure 2 is a top view of the tractor; Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of the extent of the central part of the tractor. Enlarged top view, FIG. 4 shows the so-called inputs and inputs of a possible arithmetic and control unit for a tractor according to the invention. It is a chart showing the output.

Figures 1 and 2 can be seen together and show four steerable wheels 2, 3. , 4.5. Furthermore, the head of the airplane is a set of wheels. Also shown is a set of wheels 6,7. In fact, the airplane itself is not shown. child A pair of wheels 6 and 7 are supported on a slide 8, and the slide 8 has three lateral wheels. It is placed on a table 9 on directional guides or carriers 10, 11, 12. vinegar The ride 8 is on the same plane as the chute 13), and the first part 14 is upper boundable. The wheels and rollers 5 are provided so that the tractor can be moved under the head wheels 6 and 7. By reversing the plane, the airplane's head wheels 6 and 7 are placed on the tractor platform 9. It is possible to raise it. At the front, the head wheels 6 and 7 are connected to a vertical front plate. Abutting and rearwardly, they are held by a rotatable back plate 17. to There is a tag tube-40 on the side of the tractor, and this tractor is currently programmed to be towed. Indicates the type of airplane being used. Additionally, an outer panel for programming There are 41. A similar arrangement can be provided on the opposite side of the tractor. Figure 2 shows only the parts that fix the pair of head wheels 6 and 7 in the longitudinal direction, i.e. in the direction of movement. are doing.

Figure 3 shows the parts that hold a pair of head wheels 6 and 7! ! Shown in detail and horizontally The parts which hold a set of head wheels 6 and 7 and which are crucial to the invention are is also shown.

The left head wheel is in contact with a plate 19 fixed to a vertical hinge 18 on the outside thereof, The plate 19 is movably mounted on the guides or carriers 10, 11, 12. It is fastened onto the slide 8. The right head wheel 7 is mounted forward on the outside. The plate 2o and the plate 21 attached at the rear are in contact with each other, both of which are under pressure bias. transversely within the piston cylinders 22 and 23 integral with the tubes 24 and 25. It is attached so that it can move freely.

These plates 20 and 21 are also mounted on the slide 8.

Finally, the back plate 17 is mounted on the slide 8), its tilting movement and its holding in a substantially vertical position is a parallel arrangement with a common pressure vibrator 28. It is provided by two piston cylinders 26 and 27 in series.

Furthermore, the plate 19 can be moved to the position shown by the dotted line by the operation of the piston cylinder 29. at which the head wheels 6 and 7 are pressed onto the slide and the head wheels 6 and 7 are Ensure that rings 6 and 7 are aligned correctly.

Finally, slide 8 has a closed pressure/arm ear for sensing lateral forces. The actuated piston cylinder 30 is fixed at the central position of the actuated piston cylinder 30, which is integral with the pistons 32 and 32.

Traction force can be detected via pressure/9e'f28, and the reed/dive also occurs. Of course, it closes when towing. pressure when the head wheel is in position longitudinally. The force piers f24 and 25 are operated, pressing the head wheel against the plate 19 and After-pressure-9 valves 24 and 25 are closed. Between these two pressure vibrators When a pressure difference occurs, it causes a torque around the vertical axis to be applied to the head wheel. means. In this regard, for example, the surface of the slide may be greased or Friction between the head wheel and the slide 8 is eliminated by constructing it with a smooth surface. It is assumed that This moves the piston cylinders 22 and 23. It is advantageous if the head wheel is locked or fixed by making it work.

FIG. 3 schematically shows the inputs and outputs of the arithmetic and control unit. Input is in the left column On the other hand, the output is in the right column of the figure.

The steering correction to cancel the applied force depends on the speed, so the speed A meter is required.

Additionally, signals are provided from each of the traction force and lateral force sensors and from the torque sensor. It will be done. Signals from the tractor drive control must likewise pass through the arithmetic and control unit. This is a signal that may require correction according to the invention. So that's 〇 Finally, the calculation and control unit will probably be towed along with the total weight display. It must have a signal for the type of aircraft to be used. this To ensure that the information is correct, if desired, have two different people each holding the key. It is possible to have two locations programmed depending on the person. One side The location can be near the panel 41, and the other location can be the tractor cab. It is Noh. As an additional guarantee, the programming is shown on the tableau 40.

The calculation and control unit then responds to the maneuvering movements made by the tractor operator. Correspondingly, it is possible to provide the main maneuvering signal without correction. However, this The movement is such that the head wheels and lower carriages are subject to unacceptable lateral turnip overloads. , the arithmetic and control unit provides maneuver corrections, and the tractor operator makes any adjustments to them. and it allows lateral forces on the lower carriage of the head wheel Reset within possible limits. In practice, of course, this limit can never be exceeded. Various measures will be taken.

12 In addition, the computing and control unit is capable of controlling one aircraft if the traction forces exceed permissible limits It is possible to configure the trap in such a way as to provide emergency release of the head wheels. Furthermore, ) la to prevent the movement of the grip and possibly generate torque on the head wheel lower carriage. It is possible to arrange for emergency release.

Finally, the arithmetic and control unit controls the aircraft's tie, which the tractor is configured to tow. control the tableau that displays the table.

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Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. The head wheels of the airplane are supported on and possibly fixed to and attached to the tractor. Towing a plane by a tractor when the tractor is operated by a tractor operator In the pulling method, the lateral force exerted by the head wheels on the tractor is coupled. If continuously detected and the detected signal exceeds a certain tolerance value, maneuver correction will be applied to the tractor. given, the correction is dependent on an excess, and the excess is a tractor operator. at least independently of the operation of the controller. 2. In claim 1, in a manner known per se, the traction in the longitudinal direction is Continuously detects the force transmitted between the aircraft and the aircraft, and based on that, the tractor engine in a manner that maintains the force within an acceptable range, preferably within the traction area. 1. A method for controlling a player and a player. 3. A tractor carrying out the method according to claim 1, which supports a head wheel. In tractors equipped with a platform for securing and possibly fixing, the inside of said platform or the Or a force installed on its side to detect the lateral thrust against the head wheel. a sensing means, and based on said sensing, if said force exceeds a certain value, the excess is reduced; Manipulate so that it will be removed at least 4 Calculations adapted to operate the tractor steering wheel bridge to perform longitudinal correction. A tractor characterized by a control unit. 4. In claim 3, the table is mounted on a lateral slide. A tractor characterized by: 5. In claim 4, the slide is located on the side of the head wheel. It is equipped with a vertical plate that abuts the parts and whose distance from each other is adjustable. 1 with means for measuring said slide connected to said slide and substantially holding it; a cylinder constituted by one or more fluid piston cylinders; A tractor characterized in that it is provided with means for measuring the pressure inside the tractor. 6. In claim 5, the slide has a bottom hinged at its rear end. A flexible plate is provided, the flexible plate being in contact with the rear part of the head wheel at its upper boundary position. [adapted to abut] and held and controlled by a pressure cylinder. A tractor characterized by. 7. In claims 3, 4, 5 and 6, and in the same direction. All four wheels can be steered using the so-called crab maneuver. The calculation and control unit is configured to provide steering corrections to all tractor wheels. A tractor characterized by being adapted. 8. In claim 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, outside Indicates the type of airplane in which the arithmetic/control unit is installed. A tractor characterized in that it is provided with one or more tugrows. 9. In claim 8, if the tadelow is visible outside the tractor, Program the type of plane above the corresponding means in the tractor cab in place means for programming the system, and the arithmetic/control unit has two programming units. be adapted to lock the drive means of the retractor unless the Features a tractor. lO0 In one or more of the preceding paragraphs, the torque around the shaft of the leg of the head wheel or A means of measuring the reaction that occurs from such torques and release the connection between the airplane and the tractor and/or A tractor characterized by means for inhibiting subsequent movement.