JPS60501979A - Particle beam acceleration method and its equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Particle beam acceleration method and its equipment Technical field TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates generally to particle acceleration methods and apparatus, and more specifically to high temperature In a situation where the available input power is limited in a limited spatial area. A very stable and narrow space is used for long-distance work. A traveling wave resonant ring accelerator system that can provide resonant ring accelerator Il17Btem) related.

Background technology Traveling wave linear accelerators have been disclosed in the past, but the feedback from the output of the linear accelerator is The remaining RF (radio frequency) power is transferred from an RF power source using an RF bridge. is coupled with the input of the input signal with an appropriate phase relationship. into an accelerator under suitable phase tea Depends on the total attenuation and RF bridge ratio in this RF constant power feedback loop. may be increased to exceed the power available from the power source by a factor of Ru. Such systems include R, B, R Sherby Barbie, B, Mallet. "Traveling Wave Linear Accelerator with RF Power Feedback and Gas in the Presence of a Magnetic Field" by An article in the Journal of the Physical Society entitled ``RF absorption by (February 6 issue) and “Linear Calculation” by P. M. Lapostol and A. L. Septeia. 56-60, published by North Holland Publishing House, Ams. Tertam, published in 1970].

Among the various R77972 circuits suitable for this feedback application are coaxial and waveguide types. There are hybrid junctions, short branch couplers, coaxial type and waveguide type hybrid rings, etc. can be shown as an 8-terminal circuit arranged so that the following specific conditions are satisfied: Wear. Those conditions are that the RF bridge has four transmission lines as shown in Figure 1. (a) Arms (1 and 6) are connected to arms (2 and 4). ) are terminated by these characteristic impedances, the bridge has independent (b) input to either arm (1) or arm (5); so that the power is transferred only to the loads in arm (2) and arm (4). There is a high degree of isolation (isolatj, on) between arm (1) and arm (c) Conversely, in arms (2) and (4), the power that enters either arm is be mutually balanced so that they are applied only to the loads in the systems (1) and (3). and (d) no power circulates within the bridge at all.

FIG. 2 shows a typical prior example of the principle of this RF feedback method. External power source? Their power P1 is combined with the properly phase-matched residual power P3 from the accelerator. As a result, after the initial transient buildup period, P2-(1+n) is applied to the accelerator input terminal. It appears at a steady power level of pl. The bridge ratio n is the connection between the two bridges. Defined as the scheduled RF constant power ratio. Power source power is applied to the system. It is then initially distributed to the accelerator and load arm. After one cycle through the accelerator, the If the edge ratio is 1, the loss in the feedback loop is 3 dB, and the phases are matched, then The input to the o speed generator increases to 112.5% of the source power, but the power to the load is Reduced to 12.5% of power source power. This accelerator input power increases with each recirculation ( build+d up). And after going around the feedback loop 5 times, the input power is Increases to 194% of power source power (97% of steady-state value). Each RF transit time is an accelerator is mainly determined by the group velocity within. Once the build-up process is complete, this accelerator The power output is twice the source power, but the power in the load arm is as shown in Figure 3. reduced to zero. The property that the bridge arms (1 and 3) are mutually conjugate is that External R even during the lead-up process? Constant impedance to the power source O makes sure that it will be given to you For the RF recirculation method, the stability of the accelerator input power is determined by the difference between the feedback power and the source power. It relies on strictly maintaining specific topological relationships. i.e. the overall feedback loop electrical length) is maintained at a constant “resonance” value. must be maintained. Therefore, temperature changes in the accelerator structure or the normal operating frequency The phase change in the feedback loop caused by any of the deviations from the This causes loss in power and changes in beam performance.

In prior art accelerator feedback examples, R, F due to phase changes in the feedback loop Build-up losses can be detected and placed in the accelerator feedback loop as shown in Figure 2. The acceleration can be corrected by adjusting the high power R7 phase shifter placed The power level at the instrument input was monitored.

This can be achieved by compensating for temperature- or frequency-dependent phase changes in the accelerator waveguide. Adjustment of the external phase shifter may also maintain the total electrical length of the return path at the normal resonance value. Regardless, the phase shift between the accelerating P electromagnetic field in the waveguide and the electron beam (pha sθ Note that the error was left uncorrected.

Traveling wave resonant ring accelerators are the first developed specifically for megavoltage radiation therapy. Commercial use began in the early 1950s when linear acceleration systems were introduced into medical practice. successfully proven. These early accelerators were the 2Mv wartime development Sareta radar. Energized by a magnetron, which greatly simplifies the patient positioning procedure The accelerators were placed concentrically (P.

Howard Flanders and G. R. Newbury, 1950, British Radiology. Journal of the Medical Society, Volume 23, page 355]. Rotating the accelerator around the patient does this This is one of the three-axis conditions for concentric arrangement, and there is a limit to the stability of the magnetron frequency. Therefore, early radiation therapy accelerators are excellent candidates for RF feedback methods. has been proven. That is, the sensitivity and length of the waveguide of this accelerator are smaller and easier to handle. Even if it is made smaller to give a better system, the beam is still loaded with 4 Mev. This is because the desired energy was achieved. The advent of tunable magnetrons, The use of AFC (Automatic Frequency Control), and beam bending techniques, and subsequently developed With the advent of new designs of traveling wave structures, ■ return is no longer limited to compact radiotherapy treatments. No longer necessary for the construction of speed devices (J, Heimson and C, J, Carlamark, 1 (963, British Journal of Radiotherapy, Vol. 36, p. 429).

Apart from therapeutic applications, compact linear acceleration systems can generate megavoltages in limited spatial regions. Industrial radiography that requires the generation and use of high-grade radiation beams It can be effectively used for other special purposes. One such special application is geological formations. There is measurement of the cambium layer (1ogging). In this case, linear machining with temperature resistance measures is required. The detector system is suspended within the polling hole and provides a stable high energy source to generate radiation. used to generate energetic electron beams. This beam interaction effect is It can be analyzed to determine the formation components and properties of the strata in which the ring holes were drilled.

Well measurement applications place severe limitations on the design of electron linear accelerators. these rules The limitation is that the lateral dimension of the pressure vessel housing the accelerator device is small (a typical example is (less than 5 inches), available power due to long polling hole measurement cables is low (typically less than IKW9) and the temperatures encountered during operation are low. This limitation occurs due to the high temperature (100°C to 200°C, etc.). prior art Compared to the linear accelerator example, these design limitations are unique and The stem can be driven from distances up to approximately 20,000 feet (6,100 meters). The necessity must also be taken into consideration.

Although the design constraints of Pauling hole linear accelerator systems are necessarily severe, , the output radiation intensity and energy are the same as the chemical radiation used in current measurement practices. The intensity and energy can be substantially greater than that of the radiation source. Therefore standard cesium well It has a radiation output several orders of magnitude higher than that of a door-to-door measurement radiation source, and is in the megavolt region. in a Pauling hole linear accelerator with an average energy and a peak photon energy of Therefore, measurements with greater statistical precision and deeper investigations are needed around the polling holes. This is possible for geological strata. Electronic energy that can be reproduced with even higher stability and precision high energy characteristics and low electromagnetic interference enable easier and more accurate measurement and analysis techniques This is a desirable additional feature that makes it possible.

Attempts to overcome the constraints listed in section 1 are based on J. Green's “Geological Formation Composition No. 4,061.725, dated October 30, 1962, entitled "Comparative Measurements"; ``Well measurement method using a continuous energy tin-cuttle proton source'' by R. Tarkosto. No. 4,976.879, dated Aug. 24, 1976, entitled It is listed. Due to the extreme temperatures in the polling holes, these linear accelerators Cooling and control systems are designed to stabilize performance.

To G. Azam et al. entitled “Small irradiation device using a dose charged particle accelerator” U.S. Patent No. 4,163,901, dated August 7, 1979, is an accelerator... The cooling system installed in the system, especially the magnet for the linear accelerator disclosed in A system for cooling a Tron P,F power source is disclosed. R. Tarcott et al. U.S. Patent dated June 6, 1978 entitled "Well Measurement Sonde Including a Linear Particle Accelerator" No. A, 093,854 is excited by a magnetron oscillator and To sense the temperature change and compensate for the change in the accelerator waveguide dimensions due to the temperature change, A standing wave particle linear accelerator equipped with a device that adjusts the gnetron frequency. Disclosed. This patent also detects changes in the amplitude of the microwave section within the accelerator. knowing that the accelerating electromagnetic field is maintained at a reference value representing the maximum amplitude expected at resonance. Discloses an apparatus for controlling the frequency of a microwave generator such that There is. The linear accelerators of Azam et al. and Kurkott et al. It is noted that a useful beam is obtained only when a control device is provided.

Despite the need for control, these last two patents The issue of personal interference) is not touched upon.

Due to the geometric constraints of the small diameter cylindrical housing, the Pauling hole linear accelerator poses unique and potentially significant EMI problems. The reason is that several megawatts relatively sensitive effects near the modulator components that are pulsed at peak power levels. This is because the lectronics need to operate at low levels. Therefore, no Connection cables (power between the power source and the circuitry controlling the tying, protection, diagnostic, and detection functions. (connecting cables between the Receive the sound. This coupled noise is caused by pulsed, short rise time, high power switches. This becomes a big problem near the switch pipe. It is best known for its modulator technology. In this case, the high voltage switch tube transfers the energy stored in the pulse forming circuit (PFN). A high voltage is applied to the cathode of the RFF generator and the acceleration pointer by rapidly transmitting it to the step-up transformer. A pressure video pulse can be applied. For example, in an example of a modulator for a Pauling hole accelerator. In this case, the pulse current of 500 am is applied to the primary winding of the Cajalus transformer for several microseconds. can be switched on to pass between.

Regarding low power availability, limited lateral dimensions, high operating temperatures, and EMI issues, The applicant has proposed a very stable acceleration format and a simple system for using it. Therefore, megavolt-class particle beams can be achieved with short length and small diameter accelerators. Furthermore, there is no EMI and there is no need to sense the temperature of the microwave section (possible). Partial energy over a wide temperature range with no moving parts and limited input power discovered a system that generates energy particles. The apparatus and method can be applied to an RFF power source or There is no need to cool the accelerator structure, and there is no need to cool down the accelerator structure. There is no need to provide an ID (it can be achieved.

The purpose of the present invention is to create a highly stable accelerated particle beam using a traveling wave resonant ring device. The object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for maintaining R applied to an accelerator. A portion of the F energy is extracted under a certain phase relationship that maintains optimal beam performance. is fed back through the RF bridge to be reapplied to the accelerator at .

Another object of the present invention is to provide a compact structure suitable for use in oilfield polling holes. and equipment.

Another object of the invention is to provide a free-floating system independent of any external cooling system. Operates under free floaty temperature Pauling hole measurement method using a particle accelerator system configured to It is to provide the equipment.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a sensitive The primary objective of the invention is achieved while minimizing electromagnetic interference in sensitive circuits and cables. The object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for achieving this goal.

Yet another object of the invention is to package the entire accelerator within two interconnected modules. In this case, a moisture-resistant, high-current, high-voltage method designed for high-temperature work. module with quick-disconnect, coaxial, shielded connectors. module via matched transmission lines that interface and terminate at the module. The goal is to provide something that can transmit high power video pulses between channels. .

Generally speaking, the present invention operates from a power source located in a single arm, as detailed below. Introducing energy and extracting residual energy from the accelerator output in the other arm 4 people, and the power source energy and accelerator residual energy are transferred to yet another arc. P, F monitors and Provided with an RF bridge circuit that directs unbalanced energy to the load. Including methods and equipment. This power source energy is automatically adjusted to detect the fourth Keep unbalanced energy in the arm to a minimum.

If the accelerator residual power is correctly phased with respect to the RF source constant power, the accelerator manual RF The constant power is maximized, the bridge is balanced, and the fourth (load) arm is free of any RF The F force level is reduced to substantially zero. – For some reason, the phase error may become a feedback loop. When introduced into a loop, the bridge becomes unbalanced and reduces the input power of the accelerator. As a result, unbalanced P and F powers accumulate in the fourth arm.

The amplitude of this unbalanced RF power is closely related to the magnitude of the phase error in the feedback loop. , facilitated by an RF monitor located within the 47-A between the bridge and the RF negative load. detected. This detected bridge imbalance is due to the RFX force entering the fourth arm. The resonant ring feedback loop is reduced by adjusting the frequency of the RF source until it becomes substantially zero. used to trim the total electrical length of the loop.

An advantage of the present invention is that it provides correct co-operation for both the accelerator waveguide and the resonant link feedback loop. The point is that the sounding conditions are maintained at the same time. Electrical length of accelerator waveguide and feedback loop A simple automatic locking device is provided to keep it precisely constant. This device is adjustable It does not use the possible R7 phase shifter and also reduces the phase and power of the RF around the feedback loop. No need to measure temperature of resonant ring or high power 1’tF source. does not need to be controlled and operates over a significantly wide range of ambient temperatures (over 100°C). function.

According to another aspect of the invention, a metal enclosure (θnclosure) is attached to the high voltage switch. This enclosure surrounds the switch and serves as the outer conductor of the coaxial transmission line. intermittently between the pulse forming circuit and the pulse transformer through the inner conductor of the coaxial transmission line. Con-traflow circuit for transmitted high current pulses cuit). In this way, the reverse direction flowing through the enclosure surrounding the high voltage switch The counter current opposes and cancels the magnetic field generated within the high voltage switch and provides an electromagnetic interference neutralization area for cables.

Yet another aspect of the invention is a double Double end multiple sliding joint high voltage coaxial connector (double encLed, m ultiple elid, ing joint HVcoaxiax con This is due to the introduction of ``nector''. This makes the Pauling hole accelerator Electrical connections can be easily disassembled, making it convenient for transport and on-site assembly. give the means. Such electromagnetic field joint high voltage coaxial connector components are It not only provides a release function but also withstands severe environmental conditions encountered during work and has a high frequency. During the measurement period at Ikushika, substantial changes occurred in the sonde's internal direction. are also configured to maintain a stress-free electrical connection.

These features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the foregoing description when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. This will make it more clear. Similar elements have similar symbols in some drawings. Figure 1 is a block diagram showing the bridge circuit used in the prior art as described above. This is a route map.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an accelerator/stem based on the prior art as described above. It is.

Prisoner 3 is concerned with how much accelerator input power is used in the prior art device and the unknown device. In order to show how the power ratio increases, the doctor showed the number of CRF passages versus the power ratio.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration and operation of the present invention.

FIG. 4A is a diagram showing the waveform of a video signal obtained from the RP monitor of FIG. 4.

Figure 5 shows the operation of the present invention, which is steady with respect to the feedback phase with the By source phase as the reference. It is a graph in which the state power ratio is scaled.

Figure 6 is a graph of feedback loop loss and phase error against RF load power. be.

FIG. 7 is an elevational view, partially in cross section, of an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 8 is an enlarged longitudinal section of the structure shown in FIG. 7, bounded by gland 8-8. It is a diagram.

FIG. 8A is a cross-sectional view taken along line 8A-8A of FIG. 8, and illustrates the magnetic field cancellation feature of the present invention. FIG.

FIG. 9 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of the electromagnetic field joint of the well measuring device of the present invention.

FIG. 9A is a perspective elevational view, partially cut away, of the electromagnetic field joint coaxial connector assembly of the present invention. FIG.

Figure 10 is an elevational view, partially a block diagram, of a part of the structure shown in Figure 7. It is.

FIG. 11 shows the portion of the structure shown in FIG. FIG.

FIG. 12 is a side view of another embodiment of the present invention.

Description of the preferred embodiment A schematic diagram of the invention is shown in FIG.

from the input end (8) so that the accelerated particle beam exits the output end (9) of the accelerator. To the output end (9), an electron source such as an electron gun (6) is inserted along the accelerator waveguide (7). Direct the child beam. of the RF bridge circuit (12) via the waveguide (11) etc. An RF power source (10) is connected to the first arm (A1). Output end of accelerator waveguide (9), the residual RF energy is transmitted via the waveguide (13) etc. to the RF bridge (1 2) is directed to the third arm (86). Energy from arm (A+XA3) - is guided through the waveguide (14) via the second arm (A2) of the bridge (12). Directed to the input end (8) of the tube (7). Unbalanced energy in this bridge circuit The energy is directed through the waveguide (15) into the fourth arm (A4) and the RF negative load 1 6). This unbalanced error/four key (± bridge balancing processor (1B) , the probe is directed by an RF't camera monitor (17) that provides an input signal. Tusa (18) further controls the frequency of the RF source.

Correctly phase-matched residual power (Py) from the accelerator is combined with the RF source power (PF) Then, when the bridge ratio is n, add so that FA = (1 + n) PS. A power increase occurs at the speed generator input and the load power (PL) is reduced to zero. In Figure 4A ・grus waveform (a) I'1. in stripe load arm (A4). F monitor (1 This equilibrium event is shown recorded by the video signal from 7).

If P3 is opposite to PS (1~positive 1-<1- is not phase-matched), then the bridge ( 12) becomes a non-equilibrium state, the accelerator input power is reduced, and the RF' force is reduced to the load arc. (A4). This bridge balance processor (18) is a load arm The video signal is derived from a diode detector (19) monitoring the internal power level. the RF source (10 ], and the bridge (12) is therefore balanced. returned to the state.

Immediately, the monitor signal from the bridge load arm is used to control the frequency of the system. 9 is used, so that the unbalanced power level is always driven towards a minimum value, or maintained at a minimum value. By this method, the above frequency can be visibly and rapidly The resonance resonance is extremely stable even if there are transient phase disturbances in the system. operation of the accelerator can be maintained.

The bridge ratio is 1, the total loop loss (α) is 3 dB, and the RF source is of constant power. , the accelerator input power level and load arm power level are The total electrical length of the loop is adjusted over a wide range so that the maximum and minimum values are experience. These power level changes determine the operating phase position that achieves optimal accelerator performance. It is illustrated in FIG. 5 for a feedback phase change of 2π on both sides of the position (φ=2πn).

The resonant ring traveling wave linear accelerator described here can be used to achieve the desired optimal beam performance. Depending on the specific operating frequency given, one full feedback loop will be around the wavelength for any given temperature. An integer multiple of ←) is uniquely achieved.

By using relatively broadband waveguide and coupler components in the feedback loop, The important condition of minimizing reflections in this loop is met, and the The ability to exploit these properties increases the practical advantages of the system. That is, , the pulse performance characteristics of the RF power source connected to the first arm of the bridge are until the code detector signal reaches its maximum, i.e. the feedback loop phase length is (2m±1)1 R in the fourth arm by simply adjusting the frequency of the system until it equals r. This can be easily observed using an F load monitor. The 7 cell waveform (b) shown in Figure 4A is This in-load arm RF monitor for this frequency-introduced π phase shift condition 2 shows a representative video signal derived from a data source.

As a supplementary note, when using the various resonant ring accelerator parameters mentioned above, the load The system power level is theoretically the maximum percentage of the actual power entering the bridge from the bald source. and the accelerator input power level is % of the RF source power. In practice, these values is caused by back-phasing of the beam in the accelerator waveguide. Load RF monitor is an accurate and convenient means of verifying the performance of an RF source. This "confirmation" was mentioned above. As such, it can be used without using the RF monitor in the first arm of the bridge. There are significant operational and management advantages. (See Figure 2) According to yet another aspect of the invention, the accelerator waveguide, the RF bridge and the transmission line are interconnected. As a result of being rigidly connected to and closely assembled, within the feedback loop the RF acid component The average temperature remains approximately constant despite changes in ambient temperature and characteristic factors. like this structure and in accordance with the present invention, the total electrical length of the feedback loop and the accelerator waveguide Inner beam-liquid phase relationship ship), both of which, once achieved during initial assembly, Even when the system is remotely activated in the environment, the It will be done.

The feedback loop total phase error Δφ for any operational or environmental change is Contains phase errors from various microwave components. If these If each component is affected by the same temperature change, a single operating frequency adjustment can The phase errors of all components are corrected simultaneously and the bridge is returned to equilibrium. Akira Clearly, under these ideal conditions, the total phase error of the loop can be corrected using the accelerator waveguide. resulting in the restoration of the total electrical length of the beam and the restoration of the input power level, thus the beam - The liquid phase relationship is re-established.

However, in reality, all feedback loop components are carefully and tightly integrated into a thermally conductive state. Even if the temperature difference is small under some operating conditions, e.g. and the interconnect transmission line (and components) containing the rest of the feedback loop. expected to survive. Maintaining a balanced bridge by adjusting the frequency They are not affected by inter-loop temperature gradients. However, such a gradient accelerates This may introduce small phase errors into the device structure. The magnitude of these phase errors is Shape the inter-loop temperature difference, the phase dispersion characteristics of the accelerator structure, and the rest of the feedback loop. is a function of the phase dispersion properties of the externally interconnected waveguides.

By adopting a typical value for the group velocity and reducing the waveguide wavelength, a traveling wave resonance ring is created. The accelerator structure is approximately 15 times smaller than the interconnecting waveguide containing the remainder of the feedback loop. It has 50 times greater phase-frequency sensitivity (or phase-temperature sensitivity). the result, This phase error contribution from the accelerator structure is typically generated within the feedback loop. The total phase error exceeds 90V. This is due to the topological locking of the feedback loop. This is a key feature that explains the effectiveness of frequency control.

For example, the accelerator structure heats up faster than the interconnecting waveguides, which increases the inter-loop temperature. When temperature differences occur, sweat occurs in uniformly heated interconnecting waveguides (to higher temperatures). By decreasing the frequency slightly less than the expected frequency change, The bridge will be maintained in equilibrium. Therefore, a constant beam-level correlation The accelerator is operated at a slightly higher frequency than required to maintain . That is, the overall accelerator structure length is slightly thicker than desired. these articles The beam-wave phase error introduced under Average temperature difference and phase-to-temperature coefficient of interconnected waveguide circuits when uniformly heated of the total loop phase error imparted by the accelerator waveguide under operating conditions of It is given by the product of the ratio. This can be written symbolically as the following equation.

For example, accelerator structures typically coupled in traveling wave resonant ring systems The associated interconnected waveguide circuits are capable of increasing the operating frequency over a range of phase temperature of approximately 6 to 76 degrees/℃ and 0.1 to 0.2 m/℃, respectively. It has a degree characteristic. Therefore, the total electrical length of the accelerator structure (remarkably stable In order to maintain the phase at ±2°, which is the operating condition that produces the phase relationship between the Using an intermediate region value of , the maximum temperature allowed between the accelerator and the interconnecting waveguide The difference is 2/C0,15 (4,5/4.65)) = ±14℃, which is high By using materials with high thermal conductivity and employing the miniaturization technology described above, This is a condition that can be easily achieved. Therefore, for a constant I(F power), it is extremely stable and reproducible. Achieving acceptable beam performance depends on phase sensitivity and bridge balancing systems. The wide range of temperatures encountered during poling hole measurement operations is virtually limited by the response. It is not limited by degree changes.

Correctly compensated and The phase discrimination effectiveness of a balanced RF bridge is shown in FIG. this The data shows that the unbalanced RF power in the load arm is referenced to the input port of the bridge. How to respond to very small phase changes between accelerator residual power and RF source power Indicates whether For example, a phase change Δφ of only 2/104 Although the change in phase length is 2 to 3 degrees, the eaves allow for quick detection of unbalanced power. It grows to about y2 of the CRF source power that can be output, and then Automatic correction occurs due to changes. Figure 6 reveals another important operating characteristic . In other words, the rated attenuation (α) of 3 dB for a change in the feedback loop of μ dB is The edge balance offset level has a negligible effect. therefore return The ability to detect small phase changes in the loop is e.g. by changing the resistivity of the waveguide or under different beam usage conditions. It is not affected by residual power level changes caused by actuation.

The present invention is applicable to a wide range of linear accelerator configurations and operations, and to a wide range of configurations and operations. However, it is not suitable for measuring geological formations where environmental conditions vary over a wide range. It is ideally suited for linear accelerators used in the polling holes of oil field wells.

In addition, the device according to the invention can be considered to fit within a minimal amount of space; For example, it is possible to give a particle beam with a large energy exceeding 3M6v. can. Therefore, let us take as an example a case in which the present invention can be particularly applied to such a particle accelerator. I will explain.

Referring now to FIG. 7, an elevational view of a compact well gauging device according to the present invention is shown. where the device is connected to the port by a sheathed multi-conductor cable (22). The device is inserted into the ring hole (21 typically less than 9 inches (approximately 23 on) in diameter). is hanging down. This cable (22) is connected to a well located within the polling hole (21). Communication cables and well measurement equipment to transmit appropriate power and control signals to the measurement equipment. Communication that transmits information obtained from on-site detectors to recording and analysis equipment on the ground. Includes cable. This well gauging device is housed in a water resistant housing with an outside diameter not exceeding 5 inches. The resonantly charged linear modulator sonde (reSOnan) contains two main components: tchargl, ng, 1ine type u+odlator 5ond (30) and multiple pins including the high voltage coaxial connector assembly (70). a linear accelerator and detector sonde (50) interconnected by an i7t (60); including. This modulator sonde is connected to the rangefinder's control unit and auxiliary power module. (31), a resonant charging module (32), a pulse forming circuit (66), and a high voltage pressure switch module /l/ (34). The linear accelerator sonde (50) is Lus transformer module (51), RB' generator and accelerator waveguide module (5 Two-person particle beam refraction module (53) and nuclear radiation detector device module (5 4).

By providing separate modular elements for two or more sonde sections, it is possible to An elongated device can be provided that can be cut into short sections and separated for transport.

Referring now to FIG. 8, adjacent portions of the modulator sonde (60) and the linear accelerator sonde (60) (50) are shown in detail, each water resistant housing (30A) (50 A) In order to reduce electromagnetic interference (chewer 9), there is a shield in the poultry enclosure (33A). Same printing! mounted inductor (36) and high voltage pulse capacity (37) The pulse forming circuit (56) includes a high voltage switch (68) and a coaxial transmission line (56). 9) to the negative winding of the step-up pulse transformer (57) in the module (51). It is continued. This stem (39) is the electromagnetic field joint high voltage coaxial connector assembly (7 0). This assembly is shown in detail in Figures 9 and 9A.

The secondary output (58) (59U of pulse transformation fiAc57) is as shown in Figure 10. , respectively connected to the accelerator electron gun (6) and the RF source (10). The pulse current loop path between the transmission line and the pulse transformer is the outer conductor of the transmission line (69). C59b) and the interconnect surrounding the ceramic coating of the high voltage switch (38) Current in the cylindrical metal shield (44) connects the high voltage switch (38) and the transmission line (39). ), so that the current flows in the opposite direction to the current flowing through the 8 bodies (39a). It is configured.

The outer conductor shield (44) surrounding the high voltage switch (38) is a series of spring-loaded metal fins. attached to the common circuit (45) of the pulse forming circuit capacitor by the ing. These fingers (46) provide good electrical contact while at the same time The shield (44) can be easily removed for convenient access to the pressure switch (38). It is like that. Such an arrangement prevents electromagnetic drying by both electrical and magnetic fishing stations. High voltage switch (58) and its associated high power interconnections control cables (48) and sensitive electronics even when placed in close proximity to make it possible to operate.

Figure 8A is a diagram showing the high voltage coaxial transmission line (39) and the high voltage switch (38). A cross-sectional view along the line (8A-8A) is shown.

This diagram shows the reverse current flow in the outer conductor screen in the outer region of the coaxial assembly. In this way, a magnetic field (HO) is generated that cancels the magnetic field (HI) emitted from the inner conductor. Indicates whether

Note that in this example the inner conductor is effectively grounded at both ends. . Therefore, to cancel the outwardly emitted magnetic field, the outer conductor shield must also be grounded at both ends. good continuity must be maintained along the entire length of the high power transmission line. Must be. These requirements are consistent with the high voltage coaxial connections disclosed in Figures 9 and 9A. The child assembly (7U) is filled with multiple sliding joints, and also includes a modulator and an adder. A highly advantageous removable interface with the speed probe is obtained.

Figure 9 is a branch side view of the electromagnetic field joint high voltage coaxial connector assembly (70). Figure A is a partially sectioned perspective view of the assembly (70), showing that the transmission The inner and outer annular conductors (71aXlb) of the wire (71) have inner and outer ring conductors at their terminal ends, respectively. and an incoming side with an outer sliding joint connector (72 buff 3). ) Coaxial transmission line (71) and inner conductor sliding joint) C75-76) and outer conductor Main electromagnetic field joint coaxial connector (74) with body sliding joint (78-79) ) and the inner side at the inner and outer conductor (77aX77b) ends of the transmission line (77). and an exit side (exit:i) with an outer sliding joint connector C72)C75) ng) a coaxial transmission line (77).

This field joint (60) forms the lower head of the modulator sonde (30). Multi-bin type (luke head (61) and accelerator and detector device sonde (5) 0) Mating multiple socket bulkhead forming the upper head (62). The high voltage coaxial connector assembly (70) includes a female double contact F2 ( 78) and the mating male double contact fixed in the gloss opening in the bulkhead (61x62). By Tsuko (79)! Magnetic field join) (60) K is held. This protection The retainer is attached to the threads on the upper end of the female connector (78) and on the lower end of the male connector (79). Engaging nickel-plated threaded aluminum clamp assembly (81) This is done using

Electromagnetic field join) (40) In order to properly align the multiple pin connectors when closing (40) A simple guide bin structure is used.

And this closure is independent of the thermal expansion and contraction of the electromagnetic joint bulk. a compression spring located between the head (62) and the accelerator assembly in the sonde (50); (not shown) during operation.

Coaxial connector high voltage inner conductor pin (75) and connector (76) joint component are constructed from silver-plated beryllium copper, each well known to those skilled in the art. The connector body (79) ( 78) be embedded within. The far side terminations (72) of these inner conductor high voltage components are High voltage inner conductor (71a) (77 Form a). Achieves deep and reliable sliding contact with the inner diameter surface of nickel-plated steel pipe. Includes spring fingers. Similarly, the end of the clamp nut assembly (81) , outer conductor (71b) ()71) of the insertion side and extraction side coaxial transmission line (71X77) ) to form a sliding connection with the outer diameter surface of the nickel-plated steel pipe. all of the above 6 sliding joints (71a-72, 71b-73, 75-76, 78-7 9, 73-77b, 72-77a], the electrical connection is made through the air gap of each joint. made and maintained by spring-loaded metal finger contacts housed within the I want to be noticed.

The above high voltage coaxial connector assembly (70) has a double sliding joint quick separation structure C. 7B-76878-79), the modulator sonde (30) and accelerator sonde As a result of placing an electromagnetic joint between the ends (50), transportation and field assembly are facilitated. In addition, high-voltage switches and pulse-forming circuits enter the electromagnetic field joint. a double sliding joint (71a-72X71b-73) with the coaxial line [71], The coaxial transmission line (7) connects the electromagnetic field joint assembly to the input of the pulse transformer. 7) and another double sliding joint (72-77a) (73-77b). Please be careful. In addition to giving quick and economical assembly equipment, this transmission The line sliding joint consists of a water-resistant metal pressure housing and an accelerator housed within it. The large longitudinal differential movement that occurs when opening the device ve1!1enJ3 is allowed. This feature makes it easy to use during or after measurement work. It is possible to avoid damage caused by unfavorable high temperature gradients that can occur during For example pulse transformer The space between the module (51) and the electromagnetic field joint bulkhead (62) is If the long, thick-walled pressure housing is removed immediately after a deep well measurement, then the housing is equipment inside the housing still retains some of the high ambient temperature during operation. If exposed to ambient temperatures close to freezing, the It becomes.

The double sliding joint method described above allows a wide range of conductor sizes to be used. outside The diameter ratio of the side and inner conductors and the dielectric constant (of the insulator (80) separating the conductors) The selection determines the coaxial line's characteristic impedance and power handling ability. The electromagnetic field joint connector assembly (70) shown in FIGS. 9 and 9A has a wide range of can be readily adapted to the specific conditions of the modulator over a wide range of conditions. Flexibility in selection of conductor placement method Also, the current flowing through the outer conductor is very close to the current flowing through the inner conductor. This helps reduce magnetic field interference more effectively. in this case , the outer conductor shielding cutoff frequency is chosen much smaller than the frequency of the interfering magnetic field. Ru. In other words, the outer conductor has a lower conductor path than the ground plane due to the mutual inductance between the conductors. provides a low impedance return path.

Now, referring to Figure 10, the linear type housed in the water-resistant housing (50A) Is the accelerator sonde (50) filled with mud or other liquid (23) from drilling? It hangs down into an unknown polling hole (21). The hole is still cut, but is fitted with a metal case (24) and a concrete case (25).

The housing is biased to maintain a relatively constant geometry during the well gauging survey. The case (24) is opposed by the center slide receiver (26). Pauline The borehole accelerator sonde (50) has its pulse transformer (57) as shown in detail in the figure. ) High voltage secondary winding double output (:5B)<59) is the accelerator electron gun (6) and frequency It is connected to a tuned RF' source (10). This RF source is a high gain, permanent magnet. X-band crystron amplifier with dual focus, operating independently of external cooling Electronically tuned solid-state oscillator configured as driven by the device.

The accelerator electron gun (6) connects the RFF force coupler at the input end (8) of the accelerator waveguide (7). The remaining RF4 power is transferred to the RF bridge as detailed below. RF output from the output end of the accelerator waveguide (7) to be fed back to the waveguide (12). Extracted through Cassilla. The accelerator waveguide (early in the beam path) Enables operation at free-floating temperatures for focusing and independent of external cooling. a plurality of coupled cavities configured to of the tapered phase velocities of the suppressed phase oscillations, including It has a configuration that obtains a high group velocity (elocity). This X-band accelerator waveguide’ 1(7) has an outside diameter of less than 2 inches (5,08a++). This accelerator waveguide The design and construction are described in Lapostol et al., supra. suppression phase vibration acceleration The optical design of the waveguide beam was published in 1962 in that document, 469 1965a, 1966a, and is described in the applicant's literature of 1965a, 1966a, is well known. The interconnect cable (27) connecting the other components of the well gauging device is This is only a partial abbreviation.

A beam tube (63) for an accelerated particle beam is provided at the output end (9) of the accelerator waveguide Q). The beam tube (63) is surrounded by a magnetic beam refraction system (63). 4) focuses and refracts this beam and passes it through the electronic window (65). the target and generate the desired radiation. Those who are well understood by those skilled in the art In this method, this accelerator waveguide vacuum system has an RF window and an electron beam window. It is sealed and terminated by an electronic vacuum pump (66 ) maintained by

The accelerator waveguide module and the bean refraction module are connected to the detector module (5 4) Radiation shielding (5) to prevent direct exposure to unacceptable amounts of nuclear radiation 5) from the nuclear radiation detector module (54). colour The generation and detection of various types of radiation are outside the scope of the present invention and are This will be understood from the explanations in the Tarcosto patent.

From the RF source (10) to the 7 bridge (12) assembled near the accelerator waveguide (no) , a first directing device or waveguide for directing the microwave energy. (11) is provided.The accelerator waveguide (R extracted from the force output end (9) In order to direct the F energy to the third human power arm of the RF bridge (12), another A directing device or waveguide (13) is provided.Furthermore, the waveguide (11) energy directed into the bridge from the RF source and accelerated by the waveguide (1'5). The energy extracted from the waveguide into the bridge (12) is transferred to the bridge (12). Another directing device, i.e., a waveguide (1 4) is provided. The fourth port of the bridge (12) has a fourth directing device, i.e. A waveguide (15) is provided, which is connected to a T(F load (16) . extracted from the accelerator (7) and directed to the bridge (12) by the waveguide (13) The residual energy reached from the RF source (10) via the waveguide (11) If the energy and phase are not properly matched, this bridge will be in an unbalanced state. The energy passes through the fourth waveguide (15) where the presence of a non-equilibrium state causes the RFF force to Detected by a monitor (17). The bridge balance processor (18) The video signal is output from a diode detector (19) that monitors the power level in the system (15). until the power level in the load arm (15) is substantially zero. Adjust the frequency of the F source (10). The bridge thus restores its equilibrium state . In other words, the monitor signal from the bridge load arm (15) is always 1. Towards the small value or to take the minimum value. System frequency to be operated used for control. Therefore, the entire feedback loop! '7J length and accelerator guide Both beam-wave relationships within the wave tube remain substantially constant. This significantly 0, which provides stable beam performance as described above over a wide range of operating temperatures. Movable phase chics and their necessary moving parts such as J4'j JRa It was planned that this invention would not require it (ゝO Also, the present invention ensures that the correct operating frequency is automatically achieved by the El,F bridge. This allows the use of "uncooled" through-hole structures and uncooled RF sources, and their consequences. As a result, traditional temperature stabilization and temperature sensing for critical components are no longer necessary. I want to be noticed.

The exact total electrical length of the feedback loop and the optimal beam-liquid phase relationship in the accelerator waveguide are determined. The traveling wave resonant link of the present invention is maintained over a wide range of temperatures and during accelerator operation. During the configuration and operation of this accelerator system, the return It is necessary to establish certain physical conditions that are permanent within the loop. practically This means that the entire loop is within approximately 20 to 60 degrees of the desired optimum value (2nπ). The final node (noae ) By configuring the feedback path loop component including the accelerator structure subjected to the A node, successfully achieved. In this case, the system operates at some given ambient temperature, e.g. operated at 0°C and at a design frequency that yields near-optimal beam performance. Ru. Therefore, under manual frequency control, the sword combination is activated to obtain the optimal beam characteristic of ρ. The RB″ bridge (12) connects the waveguide (1 6) and or by permanent deformation of the deformable waveguide section (67) in (14). final and permanent adjustment of the feedback loop phase length to ensure accurate balancing.

Therefore, when this system is introduced to work in the field, it will be subject to a significantly wide range of temperature changes. (thicker than 100'), the overall length of both the accelerator waveguide and the feedback loop The above simple phase maintains constant beam performance by keeping exactly constant A locking device is automatically provided by the present bringing balance controller. This white mountain Floating temperature capability allows the accelerator system to operate without external cooling. It is. When the accelerator is input under arbitrarily varying ambient temperature in the field, Frequencies that should be quickly tuned to the correct operating value due to the broadband nature of the system can be done without monitoring the temperature of the accelerator structure or any other feedback loop components. Can be done. From Figure 4A and the above phase-1 temperature data, automatically when inputting In order to ensure correct convergence of the tuned frequency, a maximum The large possible initial loop phase error △φ is in the range that is sometimes the case for practical accelerator systems. Assuming a frequency fluctuation range of approximately ±30° to ±60°C (temperature difference during standby and (difference in operation). In one embodiment of the present invention, the frequency convergence condition is Whenever the Simply return the frequency to a value that depends on the ambient temperature at the location inside the sonde, such as the chassis of the sensor. This can be achieved immediately by arranging the following.

As mentioned above, the undesirable effect of the temperature difference between the loops is due to the RF bridge (1 2) and interconnecting waveguides (15X14) disclosed in FIGS. 10 and 11 As mentioned above, by placing it very close to the accelerator waveguide (7), avoided. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the structure shown in FIG. 10. This diagram is This is a diagram along line 11-11 seen in the direction of the arrow, but the RF bridge (12) is the accelerator. It is shown that it is placed against the side of the waveguide (7). Figure 11 also shows The direction of the beam tube (63), the beam bending magnet (64), the electronic window and the the accelerator beam centerline (68) and the accelerator housing. (50A) as a reference. Yet another embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. Examples include interconnecting waveguides (13A) (14A) and thermally uniform and significantly smaller To give a resonant ring shape, the accelerator structure (7A) and the RF bridge (12A) ) and a deformable waveguide section (67 mm) integrally machined and brazed to the shows. Each waveguide (14mm) (11A) has a small curvature on the plane where the electric field is located. The input end of the accelerator waveguide via a smooth waveguide section of oval cross section with radius (8) and the output end (9).

As a result, broadband characteristics such as those used as a representative example in the embodiment shown in Fig. 10 were obtained. It will be done.

As mentioned in the description of the traveling wave resonant ring system above, the build-up Because of the effect, a higher RF power level is available at the accelerator input than is available from the RF source. It will be done.

In one exemplary embodiment, the beam output is controlled by 50 channels in the feedback loop due to copper losses. A 2:1 RIF input increase is possible even in the presence of power losses. This R? large input The increase method allows for smaller changes in frequency and temperature than non-resonant ring accelerators. while keeping the R7 generator small and therefore the modulator small. It is possible to achieve high beam energies and currents. Due to this, Bright accelerators and modulators are compatible with high ambient temperatures and available air space. between the polling hole diameters (a typical polling hole has a diameter of 5 inches (12,7 cm) m) to 9 inches (22,9ffi)). This is particularly advantageous for ring hole applications.

Cobalt-60 and Radium-226 as currently used in commercial metrology work Or the wells mentioned here compared to radioactive isotopes like cesium-137. The metrology device provides several major advantages. One of the main advantages is this The intensity of the photon beam obtained by a linear accelerator is compared to the currently used radioactive isotopes. It is several orders of magnitude thicker than the elemental photon source. Therefore, due to the substantial increase in the detector count rate, , higher measurement speeds and improved geological investigation depths can be obtained. moreover, Unlike linear accelerators, which can be turned off when not in use, radioactive isotopes Since the element constantly emits radiation, this poses a fire hazard not only to the public but also to workers. or pose a risk of accidental exposure during transportation, handling, or storage. Also measuring work in progress Loss or damage to radioactive isotopes can also cause groundwater contamination. Main line type addition Another operational advantage of the speed generator is the peak intensity and repetition rate of the 4 Lus radiation output. Both can be conveniently controlled.

A polling hole linear accelerator according to an embodiment of the invention has a total input power of less than 500 watts. When operating at gives the centerline photon intensity.

Although the apparatus and method of the present invention have been described as preferred embodiments, it is within the scope of the present invention. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that numerous design changes and embodiments of its structure and method are possible. will be immediately obvious. Therefore, the foregoing description of the preferred embodiments is of the invention. This is merely an illustration of the principle and is not intended to limit the invention. The scope of the invention is limited only by the claims set forth below. Engraving (no changes to the content) FIG. l.

FIG, 2゜ FIG, 3゜ FIG, 9゜ Procedural amendment July j, 1985 Commissioner of the Patent Office 1 Display of incident International application number PCT/LIS841011902 Title of the invention Particle beam acceleration method and its equipment 3 Person making the amendment Relationship to the incident: Patent applicant Name: Heimson Research Corporation 4 agent Address: 1-11-28 Nagatacho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Name: (8821) Patent attorney student Tetsube-5-5 International Investigation Report

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) A method for accelerating a particle beam in a particle accelerator, the method comprising: generating radio frequency energy at a specified frequency; and transferring the generated radio frequency energy to a radio frequency bridge circuit. The remaining radio frequency energy from the output of the accelerator is transferred into the block. a step of injecting the radio frequency energy and the additive into the third arm of the ridge circuit; directing accelerator residual energy to the input of the accelerator via a second arm of the bridge; and directing the bridge circuit unbalanced energy to the load via the fourth arm of the bridge circuit. and an unbalanced level of energy in the fourth arm of the bridge circuit. a stage for directing the generated energy at the specified frequency in response to the detected energy imbalance; and changing the number of steps to maintain the energy imbalance within the fourth arm to a minimum. Law. (2) A method of accelerating a particle beam in a particle accelerator, which generates radiofrequency energy of a specified frequency and combines the generated energy with the residual energy after the acceleration stage. a stage for accelerating a charged particle with residual energy; and a coupling of the generated energy and the residual energy in a purposely balanced radio frequency bridge of the acceleration stage. and controlling the specified frequency to maintain the bridge in a balanced condition. (3) A method of accelerating a particle beam in a particle accelerator, comprising: an apparatus for generating radio frequency energy at a specified frequency at a free-floating temperature independent of an external cooling system; , a stage for accelerating a charged particle with the residual energy after the acceleration stage, and a balanced bridge in which the generated energy and the residual energy are combined to maximize the input energy of the acceleration stage. a stage for coupling within the particle accelerator, a stage for operating an accelerator waveguide of the particle accelerator at a free-floating temperature independent of an external cooling system, and controlling the specified frequency to maintain the bridge in equilibrium. to provide the correct beam-wave phase relationship between the stages of the acceleration and the particle accelerator and the stage of the acceleration. a stage for compensating for thermally induced dimensional changes in a geofrequency generator. (4) A method for measuring the medium around a poling hole that crosses a geological formation, in which a stage for generating a beam of charged particles and a stage for accelerating the charged particles to high energy in a linear accelerator are specified. laps energy from a radio frequency energy source at a wave number and the residual wave after the acceleration stage. a stage of acceleration by means of geo-frequency energy; and an input error for the purpose of said stage of acceleration. combining the radio frequency energy and the remaining 5 geofrequency energy in a balanced bridge to maximize energy; controlling the designated frequency to maintain the bridge in equilibrium; irradiating a target with accelerated particles to generate nuclear radiation that penetrates the medium, and returning to the poling hole as a result of interaction between the generated radiation and the surrounding medium; a method comprising: detecting nuclear radiation containing nuclear radiation; (5) A device that accelerates a particle beam within an accelerator, which uses laser beams at a specified frequency. a device for generating geofrequency energy; a traveling wave accelerator device for accelerating a particle beam from an input end to an output end; a radio frequency bridge circuit device; a first waveguide device for directing frequency energy; a third waveguide device for directing residual radio frequency energy obtained from the output of the accelerator into a third arm of the bridge circuit device; Energy coming from both the first and third arms of the bridge circuit arrangement is transferred to the bridge. a second waveguide device for directing unbalanced energy in the circuit device from a second arm of the bridge circuit device to the input of the accelerator device; and a second waveguide device for directing unbalanced energy in the circuit device from a fourth arm of the bridge circuit device to the load. a fourth waveguide device for detecting an energy imbalance level within the fourth waveguide device; and a device for detecting an energy imbalance level within the fourth waveguide device; an apparatus for correspondingly changing and maintaining the energy imbalance at a minimum value within the fourth waveguide apparatus. (6) In the apparatus according to claim (5), the accelerator apparatus, the second and a third waveguide device, and the bridge device are mounted in close proximity to each other, such that the devices are all stabilized at substantially the same temperature. (7) In the device according to claim (5), the accelerator device, the second and a third waveguide device, and the bridge device are fused together and mounted so that they are all stabilized at substantially the same temperature. (8) The device according to claim (5), wherein the accelerator device, the second and third waveguide devices, and the bridge device are mutually integrated. (9) In the device set forth in claim (5), the ZD storage It conducts heat throughout to operate at a free-floating temperature independent of the cooling system. (g) The apparatus according to claim (5), comprising a metal accelerating waveguide device, wherein the radio frequency generator is configured to operate independently of any external cooling system. a tunable oscillator driver and a permanent magnet focusing klystron amplifier. During the initial stage, the particle beam should be given radio frequency focusing (the equipment configured). (6) A device that accelerates a particle beam within a particle accelerator, which accelerates a particle beam at a specified frequency. an accelerator for accelerating a particle beam from an input end to a cutting end; an apparatus for directing source energy from the generator into an input end of the accelerator; directing residual energy from an output of the accelerator device into an input of the accelerator device; combining the source energy and the residual energy, maximizing and directing the combined energy into the accelerator device; a device for maintaining a beam-wave phase relationship within the accelerator device when the bridge device is equilibrated; and a device for controlling the specified frequency of the source energy device to maintain equilibrium of the bridge device. and an accelerator including. (2) The apparatus of claim (6), wherein the accelerator comprises a metal accelerating conductor so as to conduct heat throughout so that the accelerator operates at a free-floating temperature independent of any external cooling system. A device containing a wave tube device. α◆ In the device according to claim 1), the radio frequency generator is Tunable oscillator driver configured to operate independently of any external cooling system 1. A device comprising: a permanent magnet focusing klystron amplifier; and a permanent magnet focusing klystron amplifier. (g) In the device set forth in claim (6), the accelerator device is located at the beginning of the beam trajectory. an apparatus configured to provide radio frequency focusing to the particle beam during the initial stage; Place. α Time A device for accelerating a particle beam in a particle accelerator, with no external cooling system. a source device for generating radio frequency energy at a specified frequency independent of the stem; and an accelerator for accelerating the particle beam from the input end to the output end and independent of any external cooling system. an apparatus for directing source energy from the generator into an input of the accelerator apparatus; an apparatus for directing residual energy from the output of the accelerator apparatus into an input of the accelerator apparatus; An accelerator apparatus comprising: an apparatus for controlling the specified frequency of a source energy apparatus to maximize energy input to the accelerator apparatus and maintaining a beam-wave phase relationship within the accelerator apparatus. α force An oscillation to which the source device can tune in the device according to claim αQ. Apparatus according to claim 0, comprising a particle beam driver and a permanent magnet focusing klystron amplifier, wherein the accelerator apparatus provides radio frequency focusing to the particle beam during an initial phase of the beam's trajectory. A device configured to provide. (To) A device for measuring the medium surrounding a poling hole that crosses a geological formation, comprising: a device that generates a beam of charged particles; a linear accelerator device including a source device for generating radio frequency energy for acceleration to high energy levels; and a linear accelerator device for extracting and inputting residual radio frequency energy from an output of the linear accelerator device. a device for recirculating the residual energy to the power end; and a bridge device for combining the energy of the source and the residual energy to maximize the resulting combined energy and directing it into the linear accelerator device. The bridge is adapted to maintain the beam-wave phase relationship when the bridge is in equilibrium. a bridge device, a device for controlling the frequency of the source energy to maintain the bridge device in equilibrium, and a device responsive to the irradiation of the accelerated charged particles to produce nuclear radiation that penetrates the surrounding medium As a result of the interaction of the radiation generating device, the generated radiation, and the surrounding medium, the A measuring device comprising: a device for obtaining indications of nuclear radiation returning to the pores; (e) In the apparatus according to claim 1, the accelerator apparatus operates at a free-floating temperature independent of any external cooling system, so that heat is conducted throughout the accelerator apparatus. equipment, including metal accelerating waveguide equipment. aC In the device according to claim 09, the radio frequency generator An apparatus comprising a tunable oscillator driver and a permanent magnet focusing klystron amplifier configured to operate independently of an external cooling system. (b) In the device according to claim (2), the accelerator device During the initial stages of the path, the beam is configured to provide radio frequency focusing of the particle beam. equipment. (b) a multi-housing linear accelerator having first and second elongate sections joined end-to-end, interconnecting first and second coaxial lines of the first and second elongate sections, respectively; first inner and outer sliding joints of a high voltage coaxial line connector assembly that are in sliding contact with the inner and outer conductors, respectively, of the first coaxial line of the first elongated section; and a sliding contact with the inner and outer conductors, respectively, of the second coaxial line of the second elongate section. second inner and outer sliding joint devices connected to the first inner and outer portions of the first sliding joint device, respectively; a third inner and outer conductor mounted at an end of the first elongated portion adjacent the second elongated portion; and third inner and outer conductors connected to the second inner and outer portions, respectively, of the second sliding joint device. Ru, ka a fourth inner elongate section mounted at an end of the second elongate section adjacent the first elongate section; and an outer conductor, and wherein the third inner and outer conductors are in sliding contact with the fourth inner and outer conductors, respectively; A linear accelerator that can be assembled and disassembled and that allows longitudinal movement of internal components of the elongated sections while maintaining stress-free electrical interconnections when the elongated sections are connected. (c) A linear accelerator and pulse forming circuit device according to claim 1, a pulse transformer device, and a high voltage switch device connected in a circuit between the circuit device and the transformer. A linear accelerator, including and . B) a linear accelerator system comprising: a pulse forming circuit arrangement; a pulse transformer arrangement; a high voltage switching arrangement connected in a circuit between the circuit arrangement and the transformer; and a high current flowing through the switching arrangement. a metal shield surrounding the switch device and electrically connecting the circuit device to the transformer device to avoid electromagnetic interference due to an accelerator system comprising: (c) A linear accelerator system compatible with a polling hole, comprising: a first elongated modulator section; a second elongated linear accelerator section; a pulse forming circuit device within the first elongated section; Pulse transformer arrangement within the second elongated section a high voltage switching device connected in a circuit between the circuit device and the transformer device; and surrounding the switch device with a metal shielding device to avoid electromagnetic interference. a shielding device electrically connecting the circuit device to the transformer device, the first and second elongate portions being connected to form the linear accelerator system. a device for generating radio frequency energy at a specified frequency; a traveling wave accelerator device for accelerating a particle beam from an input end to an output end; and a radio frequency bridge circuit device. a first waveguide device for directing radio frequency energy from a generator into one arm of the bridge circuit device; and a first waveguide device for directing radio frequency energy from a generator into one arm of the bridge circuit device; a third waveguide device that directs energy from both the first and third arms of the bridge circuit device into a third arm of the bridge circuit device; a second waveguide device for directing unbalanced energy in the circuit device from a second arm of the bridge circuit device to the input of the accelerator device; and a load consisting of a fourth arm of the bridge circuit device. a fourth waveguide device for detecting the energy imbalance level in the fourth waveguide device; a device for detecting the energy imbalance level in the fourth waveguide device; The detection device changing the specified frequency of the generator in response to the detected energy imbalance; A linear temperature accelerator system comprising: (b) In the system according to claims (to), as a result of the accelerator device, the second and third waveguide devices, and the bridge device being mounted close to each other, substantially The system is designed to stabilize the device all at the same temperature. (c) In the system of claim 00, the accelerator device, the second and third waveguide devices, and the bridge device are mounted in contact with each other, so that they are at substantially the same temperature. system designed to stabilize all of the equipment. 2) The system of claim 1, wherein the accelerator device, the second and M3 waveguide devices, and the bridge device are integral with each other. OI A system according to claim 1, in which the accelerator device conducts heat throughout to operate at a free-floating temperature independent of any external cooling system. system containing a metal accelerating wave tube for 0) A system according to claim 1, wherein the radio frequency generator is a tunable oscillator configured to operate independently of any external cooling system. A system comprising a device driver and a permanent magnet focusing klystron amplifier. 2) In the system according to claim 1), the acceleration/velocity device is configured to impart radio frequency focusing to the particle beam during an early stage of the particle beam's trajectory. system. (to) A linear accelerator system adapted to a Pauling hole, comprising: a first elongated modulator section, a second elongated linear accelerator section, a pulse forming circuit arrangement in the first elongated section, and a second elongated section. a high voltage switch device connected in a circuit between the circuit device and the transformer device; a first coaxial line to the switch device of the first elongated portion; and a high voltage coaxial line connector assembly for coupling between the first and second elongated sections to interconnect a second coaxial line to the pulse transformer device of the second elongated section. , the first and second elongate portions being connected to form the linear accelerator system. and wherein the connector assembly is in sliding contact with the inner and outer conductors of the first coaxial line of the first elongate section, respectively. and a first inner and outer sliding joint device in sliding contact with the inner and outer conductors, respectively, of the second coaxial line of the second elongate section. second inner and outer sliding joint devices connected to the first inner and outer portions of the first sliding joint device, respectively; a third inner and outer conductor mounted at an end of the first elongated portion adjacent the second elongated portion; and third inner and outer conductors connected to the second inner and outer portions, respectively, of the second sliding joint device. Ru, ka a fourth inner elongate section mounted at an end of the second elongate section adjacent the first elongate section; and an outer conductor, wherein the third inner and outer conductors are in sliding contact with the fourth inner and outer conductors, respectively, and the second elongate portion is configured to a traveling wave accelerator device for accelerating a particle beam from an input end to an output end; a radio frequency bridge circuit device; and an arm of the bridge circuit device from the generator to the output end. a first waveguide device for directing radio frequency energy into the second accelerator device; and a first waveguide device for directing radio frequency energy into the second accelerator device; a sixth waveguide device directed into the third arm of the ridge circuit device; a second waveguide device for directing energy obtained from both the first and sixth arms of the bridge circuit device from the second arm of the bridge circuit device to the input of the accelerator device; a fourth waveguide arrangement for directing unbalanced energy in the circuit arrangement from a fourth arm of the bridging circuit arrangement to a load consisting of; a fourth waveguide arrangement for directing unbalanced energy in the fourth waveguide arrangement; a device for detecting a bell wave; and a device for changing the designated frequency of the generator in response to the energy imbalance detected by the detection device to keep the energy imbalance within the fourth waveguide device to a minimum. (c) In the system according to claim 1, the accelerator device, the second and third waveguide devices, and the bridge device are in close proximity to each other. (c) The system according to claim 03, wherein the accelerator, the second A system in which the third waveguide device and the bridge device are mounted in contact with each other, thereby stabilizing all of the devices at substantially the same temperature of 6 degrees. The system according to the range (to) includes: the accelerator, the second and second accelerator; and a third waveguide device, and the bridge device are integral with each other. Of) for avoiding electromagnetic interference in the system according to claim 4. A system comprising a metal shield surrounding the switch device and connecting the circuit device to the pulse transformer device. (To) A system according to claim 01, in which the accelerator device conducts heat throughout to operate at a free-floating temperature independent of any external cooling system. A system that includes a metal accelerating waveguide device for OI The system of claim 03, wherein the radio frequency generator comprises a tunable oscillator driver and a permanent magnet focused klystron amplifier configured to operate independently of any external cooling system. Contains a system. (6) The system of claim 1, wherein the accelerator device is configured to impart radio frequency focusing to the particle beam during an early phase of the beam's trajectory. Engraving (contents (no history)