JPS6048183B2 - Air purification method and device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an air purification method and an apparatus therefor, and particularly to an air purification method and an apparatus for removing odors and air pollution mainly from living spaces such as inside of transportation vehicles such as automobiles and indoor spaces. .

In recent years, air pollution has become more intense, and in conjunction with the development of automobile traffic, various preventive measures have been taken, including regulating the concentration of exhaust gas. Indoor odors are getting worse due to factors such as an increase in the amount of indoor smoking. Particularly in certain areas, people often suffer from odors caused by exhaust gas from factories. In addition, roads and cities with heavy traffic are heavily polluted by automobile exhaust gas, so the inside of a car, which takes in this polluted air as air freshener, is be contaminated. In fact, even if the concentration of exhaust gases is regulated and the concentration per vehicle is lower, the total concentration in aggregated form is significant. Therefore, as the air inside the car becomes polluted, bad odors, both harmful and harmless, often flow into the car and remain there.

Furthermore, it is a common experience that when people smoke in a car or have something in the car that could be a source of bad odor, the inside of the car becomes even more filled with bad odor, which becomes unbearable. Scientifically speaking, it is true that it contains harmful odors, and there is an urgent need to take countermeasures. Furthermore, in hospitals and the like, the air in the inpatient room is polluted and, depending on the disease, is often filled with foul odors. Furthermore, dental clinics, surgical treatment rooms, drug rooms, etc. are filled with a strong smell of chemicals, which eventually turn into a foul odor and remain as a fixed odor. Conventional indoor air purifiers are generally used to purify the air taken into buildings, and are primarily designed for general environmental hygiene, but combined with the recent trends mentioned above, odor One of the objectives was to remove odors, and efforts were made to develop air purifiers with such deodorizing effects.

This type of air purifier usually utilizes a filtration effect through adsorption using activated carbon as a means of purification and deodorization.
Recently, proposals have been made regarding the filter itself, including the composition of the filter medium.

Deodorizing effects are roughly divided into physical deodorizing effects, chemical deodorizing effects, and psychological deodorizing effects.Of these, physical deodorizing effects remove malodorous components by means such as adsorption and gas cleaning, and remove odor components from sources of malodors. It can be divided into creating a film to prevent the generation of bad odors.

In addition, chemical deodorizing effects include changing malodorous components into substances with weak odor or non-volatile compounds through chemical reactions such as oxidation, neutralization, addition, and decomposition. In addition, bad odors may be produced when microorganisms decompose organic matter, and some disinfectants are used to suppress the growth of microorganisms and, as a result, prevent odors. Additionally, there are some that attempt to deodorize through the action of microorganisms or enzymes. Smoking odors, especially in confined living spaces such as the inside of a car,
Bad breath, the smell of armpits, and the smell of sores are also very worrisome, and psychological deodorization is also carried out by using cosmetics to eliminate bad breath and armpits. Conventionally, as means for removing the above-mentioned malodorous components, methods have been used to adsorb malodorous components using adsorbents such as charcoal, activated carbon, alumina, silica, zeolite, and pearlite, and methods to remove malodorous components using oxidizing agents such as potassium permanganate. There are methods to oxidize and decompose it, methods to use pyroligneous vinegar, methods to deodorize using surfactants, and polar. Products that utilize the deodorizing effect of resins having groups have been known for a long time, and many proposals have been made. However, recently,
Attempts have been made to deodorize indoor air by circulating the indoor air through an adsorption layer such as activated carbon using a small fan. At the same time, a small air purifier that can be used effectively in narrow spaces such as the interior of a car has been developed. As a result of various studies conducted, it was found that the various means for removing malodorous components described above are not necessarily sufficient.

The biggest reason for this is that it is necessary to deodorize odors that are difficult to remove effectively with simple mechanisms, such as odors from smoking, bad breath, and bad odors from armpits, in a limited space. Usually, what is called a bad odor is S゛1
It is thought that these molecules, which are small within 0A, float together with components in the atmosphere.

The gradient in cigarette smoke is mainly derived from components such as acetaldehyde and acetone, and is thought to be greater than 10. In any case, there are 10
There is a mixture of substances that can be classified as A or lower malodorous substances and secondary malodorous substances of 10A or higher such as tobacco, and there are various other gradients, including the gradient of bad sulfuric acid gas flowing in from the outside. The odors are accumulating, and the odors caused by the driver and its passengers, as well as the odors emitted by the cargo, all combine to form a compound odor.

In addition, not only the inside of a car, but also human living areas, places with poor ventilation, inpatient rooms in hospitals, and other private rooms are full of unique odors, some of which are similar to the odors inside cars. It has a certain point. In addition, depending on the type of business in special factory areas, peculiar odors are always present, and harmful odors are
Of course, if we don't remove it, we will be violating the law. It is extremely difficult to physically capture and deodorize these odors using conventional activated carbon, etc., and even if zeolite is used, the adsorption filtration efficiency will decrease due to the water vapor produced by the heat of adsorption. , the situation is such that a long-term cleaning effect cannot be achieved.

In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, the present inventor has conducted extensive research into methods for effectively removing bad odors caused by ultrafine particles both indoors and outdoors, as well as in the interiors of transportation vehicles such as automobiles. As a result, the natural or synthetic zeolite particles have substantially uniform micropores with an average pore diameter of about 10A,
It has been discovered that pumice effectively captures the ultrafine particles that cause cigarette odor and bad breath, and at the same time, pumice is extremely effective and economical in absorbing water vapor generated by the reaction heat associated with zeolite adsorption of moisture in the atmosphere. The present invention was completed based on the discovery that the application of a specific activated carbon has not only deodorizing but also bactericidal effects.

That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for creating a normal environment by effectively removing cigarette smoke, bad breath, armpit odor, etc. that are difficult to remove with normal means, and
Furthermore, by effectively performing the deodorizing action, it is possible to provide a comfortable environment in limited living spaces such as the interior of an automobile. Another object of the embodiments is to provide an excellent adsorption filter for removing odors that are difficult to remove by ordinary means as described above, to maintain long-term continuity of adsorption filtration action, and to improve regeneration. The purpose of this invention is to propose a simple composition of filter media.

Furthermore, one object of the present invention is to provide a preferable purification device for removing the odor composed of the above-mentioned ultrafine particles and converting it into normal air, particularly for use in limited spaces such as the interior of a vehicle of a transportation vehicle. To provide a compact purifying device at low cost that is placed in a living space and purifies the air in the space without introducing outside air and creates a comfortable atmosphere.

Another major objective of the present invention is to remove pathogenic bacteria contained in fine suspended dust, which could not be achieved with conventional activated carbon.

7. Therefore, the first feature of the present invention that achieves the above object is an adsorption method comprising zeolite, pumice particles, activated carbon having a basic surface, activated carbon having an acidic surface, and activated carbon having a silver-plated surface. The second feature is to allow air to pass through the filtration layer, and the second feature is a casing with openings on the front and back sides respectively, in which an adsorption filtration material is housed, and a casing arranged on the back side of the casing. It consists of a blower mechanism with a drive source installed,
A funnel-shaped passage that tapers from the opening toward the ventilation mechanism is formed between the rear opening of the housing and the ventilation mechanism, and the back of the ventilation mechanism is open to the outside air and absorbs the adsorption filter material inside the housing. The apparatus is configured to include zeolite, pumice particles, activated carbon with a basic surface, activated carbon with an acidic surface, and activated carbon with a silver-plated surface.

The zeolite used in the present invention is composed of a hydrous silicate, whether natural or synthetic, and is a porous granule with substantially uniform micropores, and has various particle shapes such as spherical, pellet, and rice grain shapes. Its diameter is 1~10Tn! It is preferable that most of n1 be 2 to 5 micropores and that the micropores are distributed over substantially the entire surface thereof.

The average diameter of the micropores is preferably around 10A, and these micropores adsorb odor molecules made of ultrafine particles of about 10A or less, such as bad breath and armpit odor, onto the inner wall surface of the micropores. Suitable for attachment and collection. In this case, almost no trapped odor molecules are released. In addition, the pumice particles are made from commercially available pumice finely, preferably about the same size as the zeolite particles, or
A material obtained by crushing to a size of 7 to 8 mesh and then treating with an organic solvent containing n-hexane and/or n-heptane as a main component, such as petroleum benzine, is used. When the zeolite adsorbs moisture in the atmosphere, heat of adsorption is generated and water vapor is generated, so this pumice granule is used to absorb moisture and is an important component of the adsorption filter material of the present invention. It is what you do. In the absence of these pumice particles, the water vapor generated due to the heat of the adsorption reaction of the zeolite is adsorbed and captured by the activated carbon, which will be described later, and the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon is significantly increased. and cannot withstand long-term use as an adsorption filtration material. In addition, this pumice granule is not only inexpensive and commercially advantageous, but also has the characteristic that absorbed moisture is gradually released by the wind, making it easy to restore performance. The organic solvent containing n-hexane and/or n-heptane as a main component used for treating pumice includes, for example, petroleum benzene, petroleum refined distillates such as petroleum yen 1 tel, ligroin, etc. Although the details are not necessarily clear, it has the effect of physically and chemically altering pumice and imparting the above-mentioned unique effects to pumice.

Furthermore, the activated carbon with a basic surface and the activated carbon with an acidic surface used in the present invention are those in which basic oxides and acidic oxides are respectively generated on the activated carbon surface through the treatment described below. to obtain conformity to the properties of

As mentioned above, bad odors are molecules with a diameter of 10A or less, so zeolite made of hydrous silicate with a diameter of 10A is adsorbed, and those with a diameter of 10A or more are adsorbed by the special activated carbon mentioned above. is absorbed.

That is, among the odor molecular aggregates that have passed through the zeolite layer, acidic molecular aggregates are collected by activated carbon that has a mainly basic surface, and basic molecular aggregates are collected by activated carbon that has a mainly acidic surface. Twirl and collect.

In this case, the particles that have passed through the zeolite layer have a particle size of 1
Most of them are 0A or more, but some are 10A or less, and both of these are collected. Furthermore, general bacteria, pathogenic bacteria, etc. that inevitably accompany the adsorbed substance are adsorbed by the activated carbon, but they only grow in the fine porous cavities, and although they serve as a trap, It cannot be sterilized.

In the present invention, we place emphasis on these points, and silver plate activated carbon.
We added a device to kill bacteria with the silver attached.
Therefore, when air is circulated in a fluid manner using the method and device of the present invention, not only a considerable amount of dust is collected, but also a considerable concentration of bad odor is removed, and the air is literally clean with few airborne bacteria. It is thought that it has become familiar. The activated carbon used is coconut shell activated carbon, for example, and the powdered form is approximately 5 to 10 mesh made by crushing concrete blocks, etc.
Preferably, it is adhered to the entire surface of a substantially irregularly shaped inorganic carrier of about 7 to 8 mesh, and is bonded to the carrier surface with a binder such as a rubber or resin type so as to prevent it from being scattered by air flow. It sticks and generates. In this case, the amount of activated carbon powder adhered to the carrier is approximately 100q for the former, while approximately 10f for the latter is sufficient. The surface of this activated carbon is originally neutral and is open to all types of gradients, but it absorbs bad odors due to the odor source, which can be broadly divided into acidic and basic polarities. In this case, it is thought that it is more useful to make the adsorbent maintain polarity, so in the present invention, activated carbon is heat-treated to form acidic oxides and basic oxides on the activated carbon surface, respectively, to impart polarity. . In order to impart surface polarity such that it has a basic or acidic surface, activated carbon must be heated to gradually raise the temperature.In a certain temperature range, the surface becomes acidic, and in a certain range, the surface becomes polarized. Activated carbon with a polar surface suitable for the purification method of the present invention has an alternating activity, but an active carbon with a polar surface of 1200'
It was observed that some showed basic surface activity at around C and some showed acidic surface activity at around 1500°C.

It is known that activated carbon usually has a surface area of about 700 to 2,500 y/y, and conventionally known granular activated carbon granulated with only activated carbon cannot be used because only the particle surface is utilized. Although the adsorption efficiency per unit weight of activated carbon is quite low, the granular activated carbon used in the present invention has a thin layer of activated carbon supported on the surface of an inexpensive inorganic carrier. The efficiency will be enormous.

This fact is one of the advantages of the present invention that cannot be overlooked, since it can provide an economically advantageous device in view of the fact that activated carbon is expensive. Also, the granular activated carbon is 5 to 1
Particles sieved to 0 mesh, preferably 7 to 8 mesh are suitably used. If the diameter is larger than 5 mesh, the interparticle void volume is too large, reducing the chance of contact between air and activated carbon, resulting in insufficient effect.On the other hand, if it exceeds 10 mesh, the air flow path becomes too narrow and complicated. Since the resistance of the filter medium increases and an excessive amount of power is required for blowing air, this method is not suitable for making the device more compact, especially when it is driven using an automobile's battery power source.

Next, the present invention creates an adsorption filtration layer containing the above-mentioned zeolite, pumice particles, bipolar activated carbon, and activated carbon having a silver-plated surface, and allows odor-containing air to pass through the adsorption filtration layer. may be a mixture of the zeolite, pumice particles, and activated carbon, or may be one in which each of these components is separated and arranged.

Particularly in the latter case, it is necessary to pass air through the zeolite, pumice particles, and each activated carbon in this order. If this order is changed and one of the activated carbons is used as the first layer through which air passes, the effect of collecting odor molecule aggregates by zeolite cannot be obtained, and a sufficient deodorizing effect cannot be achieved. That is, in an embodiment of the present invention in which such an adsorption filter material is arranged in layers, first, particles of odor substances with a size of about 10 Å or less are mainly adsorbed and captured in the zeolite layer, and at this time, the moisture in the atmosphere is absorbed. The water vapor generated by the heat of reaction and adsorption accompanying adsorption is captured by the pumice layer placed in front of the activated carbon layer before reaching the activated carbon layer, thus preventing a decrease in the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon.

The water vapor in the pumice is then gradually released in small amounts, so
It does not substantially impede the performance of activated carbon. A part of the fine particles that have passed through the zeolite layer are also collected by the pumice layer, but are extremely efficiently adsorbed and collected by the next polarized activated carbon layer. That is, particles with acidic polarity are strongly adsorbed on activated carbon with a basic surface, and particles with basic polarity are strongly adsorbed on activated carbon with an acidic surface. Furthermore, bacteria and pathogens floating in the air and accompanying the adsorbed substances are adsorbed and captured by the silver-plated activated carbon, and are annihilated within the microscopic cavities.The present invention eliminates not only bad odors but also bacteria and other microorganisms. You can get clean air that does not contain pollutants.

The air passed through the adsorption filtration layer can be applied both indoors and outdoors, but it is most often applied by circulating indoor air or air within a limited living space such as a building or a vehicle interior. Effective.

Of course, it is not impossible to purify indoor air by bringing in outside air, but in today's world of severe air pollution, it is often impossible to expect to purify indoor air by bringing in outside air. (introducing pollutants, odors, bacteria, etc.) into the room. Therefore, rooms that avoid contamination by bacteria, such as treatment rooms in hospitals, rooms dedicated to handling drugs, rooms dedicated to childbirth and childcare, rooms dedicated to drug testing and organ preservation, and breeding of experimental animals. Applying the present invention to fermentation laboratories, fermentation laboratories, etc., extremely satisfactory effects can be obtained. In addition, in order to allow the circulating air to pass through the adsorption filtration layer, the flow rate at the inlet portion must be 5.0 m. Isec or less, especially 0.
It is preferable to flow in at a flow rate of 2 to 1 ml sec), and even if the flow rate is increased too much, no improvement in the deodorizing effect will be observed.

In addition, if adsorption filtration is repeated and adsorption filtration according to the present invention is continued for a considerable period of time, for example, several months, the collection of odor molecule aggregates progresses, and the efficiency of each member making up the adsorption filter decreases. When this happens, the composition material can be easily regenerated by passing heated air in the opposite direction to the air passing direction during deodorization.

The regeneration process (a) may be performed at any time or periodically, and it is particularly effective to periodically predetermine the regeneration process. The temperature of the heated air in this case may be at room temperature or higher, but it is most desirable to use warm air at a temperature of about 40°C to 50°C. The accompanying drawings are diagrams showing an example of a device suitable for carrying out the air purification method according to the present invention, and the second aspect of the present invention is characterized by the configuration of the device.

Of course, the present invention is not limited to the configuration shown in the accompanying drawings, and it is natural that various modifications can be made without departing from the intended purpose. In the figure, the first
The figure is an external perspective view showing an example of the air purifying device of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a partially sectional view showing the internal structure of the device.

In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a housing housing an adsorption filtering material 5 and having openings 7 and 7'' on the front and back sides, respectively, and is housed in the front half of the case 9 so as to be insertable and removable.

As shown in FIG. 2, the rear half of the case 9 has a built-in motorized fan 4, and openings 6 and 8 are provided at the back and front of the case, respectively, so that a porous material such as a wire mesh can be inserted into the rear half of the case 9. It is arranged. A funnel-shaped passage 3 tapering toward the fan 4 is formed between the motorized fan 4 and the housing 1, and the large diameter portion of the front face faces the rear opening 7'' of the housing 1. The small-diameter opposing part on the back side is opened on the fan side.The housing 1 has five small chambers 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5 partitioned by a partition member 2 in the figure.
Zeolite, pumice particles, activated carbon with a basic surface, activated carbon with an acidic 3 surface, and activated carbon with a silver-plated surface are divided into cassettes and filled in each small chamber from the front. ing.

The cassette is made of a porous net-like material such as a wire mesh, and each adsorption filtration material is held by a wrapping material that allows air to pass through but prevents the adsorption filtration material 5 from passing through, and a sealing material is attached to the upper end. It is formed by attaching materials such as Each of the small chambers 5a, 5b
, 5c, 5d, and 5e are filled in the cassette-like adsorption filter media 5 in the order described above, but the activated carbon does not necessarily have to be in that order, and the activated carbon with an acidic surface is packed with pumice. It may be arranged next to the granules, or the silver-plated activated carbon may precede other activated carbon, or it may be interposed between the two.

Furthermore, the order of the adsorption filter media mentioned above does not exclude the use of filter media other than those mentioned above, and for example, a dust removal filter made of urethane foam or the like may be appropriately inserted in the front as long as the order does not disturb the above order. is free. In the figure, 12 indicates the dust filter. The amount of adsorption filtration material filled in each of the small chambers is determined appropriately from the viewpoint of collection efficiency, but each small chamber is usually filled with approximately the same amount. Note that the air purification devices shown in Figures 1 and 2 are compact in form and are suitable for use in the interior of an automobile, but they may also be used in other living spaces. In such cases, it goes without saying that the form should be adapted to suit the space, and the amount of adsorption filtration material to be used and the capacity of the fan will be determined depending on the size of the space. In Figure 3, the Funan drive motor is a reversible motor, and the fan 4 can be switched in both forward and reverse directions.
A heater 10 is attached to the back of the fan 4. This device is the same as the device shown in Figs. 1 and 2 above, with a regeneration function for the adsorption filtration material, and the adsorption filtration material whose performance has deteriorated due to collecting odor molecular aggregates etc. after being used for a considerable period of time. When regeneration is required, the direction of air passage can be changed at any time.
Suitable for passing hot air in the opposite direction. In addition to the heater described above, any known heating means can be used as the heating means, and furthermore, heat from an old automobile engine, heat generated by an air conditioner, etc. can also be used. Furthermore, in both of the above devices, each adsorption filtration material is divided and filled into each small chamber, but the adsorption filtration materials do not necessarily have to be separated and filled, but can be mixed in appropriate amounts. It is also effective to use

Figure 4 shows a modified example of the housing 1 suitable for use with a mixed adsorption filtration material, which is partitioned into small chambers parallel to the air passage direction, and an example is a partition wall partitioned into a honeycomb shape. 11 is provided inside the casing, and adsorption filtration materials are mixed and filled in each of the partitioned small compartments. The use of this casing 1 is similar to that of the casings in FIGS. 1 and 2 above.
It is used while being removably stored in the case 9.

Next, when using the above devices to purify the air,
By attaching or arranging the case 9 and each internal mechanism in a required location, such as a vehicle interior or a building, and operating the fan through an appropriate power source, deodorizing and purifying effects can be easily carried out in the limited space. It can be done.

Of course, the main purpose of the device of the present invention is deodorization and purification, but it also has the effect of removing smoke, harmful gases, dust, etc. other than odors. In addition, in order to regenerate the adsorption filter material, the motor is reversed as described above, and the heated air is passed in the opposite direction. However, if a reversing device is not provided, it is sufficient to take out the housing 1 from the case 9 and replace the adsorption filter material 5 at any time. Furthermore, although each of the above-mentioned devices uses a fan as the ventilation mechanism, it is also possible to use a device having a similar function instead of the fan, which is the intention of the present invention. Below, further specific examples of air purification according to the present invention will be presented.

Example 1 Case dimensions are width 180TIr1111 height 85? An apparatus having the configuration shown in FIG. 2 and having a depth of 18- was placed in the rear part of an automobile to purify the air inside the automobile under the following conditions.

(1) Adsorption filtration material; 1st layer zeolite...Zeolyx 10A (manufactured by Kyoritsu Ceramics Materials Co., Ltd.) 4 x 8 mesh beads, average pore size 10
2nd layer pumice granules: Zeumex (1) manufactured by Honkogyo Co., Ltd. was crushed, sieved to 5 to 6 mesh, and treated with petroleum benzine for 3 minutes. Layer Basic surface activated carbon: 40y granular activated carbon made by adhering powdered activated carbon with a basic surface to granules of average 7 mesh obtained by crushing concrete blocks through Arahia rubber. 4th layer: Acidic surface activated carbon.・・・・・・
Same as above except that activated carbon with acidic surface is used.
Silver-plated surface activated carbon... Same as above except that activated carbon with a silver-plated surface is used (2) Flow rate: Flow rate at the inlet of the case 0.5Tn. 1 sec (3) Air condition inside the car; 4 occupants smoking one cigarette each at the same time (4) Power; 12-inch battery installed in the car used After 4 occupants finished smoking under each of the above conditions I immediately started the motor, and after about one minute, the smoke inside the car completely disappeared.

In addition, the odor caused by cigarettes was hardly felt. Next, air purification inside a car was carried out under the same conditions as above, except that conventionally known activated carbon that was not polarized was used instead of the polarized activated carbon in the adsorption filter material.
Despite the incident, there was still considerable smoke inside the car.

Further, when the air purifying device according to the present invention was continuously installed and used in a car, its performance hardly deteriorated after 4 months, and it became necessary to regenerate it after 6 months. Ta.

On the other hand, the adsorption filter material of the present invention was installed and used in a car under the same conditions except that the pumice layer was removed, but after about 3 months, the performance deteriorated significantly and the adsorption filter material had to be replaced.

Example 2 The degree of cleanliness and durability were tested under the same conditions as in Example 1, except that the honeycomb-shaped casing shown in Fig. 4 was mixed with an adsorption filtration material. Although they were almost the same, in terms of durability, the one according to the present invention did not require regeneration for about five months, while the one without a pumice layer required replacement after about two and a half months.

As described above, the present invention has a much superior deodorizing effect compared to conventional air purifying devices that use activated carbon as a filter component.
In addition, it can withstand long-term continuous use without any deterioration in performance, and is extremely easy to regenerate.

Furthermore, the adsorption filtration material of the present invention has the advantage of being able to obtain a highly efficient deodorizing effect by using inexpensive pumice stone and by using a very small amount of activated carbon.

In addition, the device of the present invention can be made smaller by using the highly efficient adsorption filtration material as described above, and can be used in limited spaces such as buildings and vehicle interiors without wasting space. Deodorizing and cleaning can be achieved.

Furthermore, since regeneration of the adsorption filtration medium is performed by simply using a heating means and reversing the motor, the mechanism is extremely simple and has significant economical and usability benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an external perspective view showing an example of the device of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway plan sectional view showing its internal structure, and FIG. 3 is a second view when a heating device is provided. Similarly, FIG. 4 is a partially cutaway plan sectional view and a perspective view showing a modified embodiment of the casing.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Air is passed through an adsorption filtration layer comprising zeolite, pumice particles, activated carbon with a basic surface, activated carbon with an acidic surface, and activated carbon with a silver-plated surface. Air purification method. 2. The air purification method according to claim 1, wherein the adsorption filtration layer is a mixed layer of the zeolite, pumice particles, activated carbon with a basic surface, activated carbon with an acidic surface, and activated carbon with an acidic surface. . 3. The air purification method according to claim 1, wherein the adsorption filtration layer is arranged such that zeolite, pumice particles, and the three types of activated carbon are respectively partitioned and the air is passed through in that order. 4. The air purification method according to claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein the zeolite is a porous particle having micropores with an average pore diameter of about 10 Å. 5. Pumice granules are crushed pumice treated with an organic solvent containing n-hexane and/or n-heptane as a main component. Air purification method described. 6. The air purification method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein each of the activated carbons is a granular activated carbon in which activated carbon powder is supported on inorganic particles having a rough surface. 7. The air purification method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein air in a living space is circulated through the adsorption filtration layer. 8. The air purification method according to claim 7, wherein the living space is a vehicle compartment of a transportation facility. 9 Living spaces such as hospital treatment rooms, treatment rooms, rooms dedicated to handling drugs, etc., rooms dedicated to childbirth and childcare, rooms dedicated to drug testing and organ preservation, and laboratory animal breeding rooms, etc., to avoid bacterial contamination. 8. The air purification method according to claim 7, wherein the air purification method is a chamber in which the air is purified. 10. The air purification method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein air is passed through the adsorption filtration layer at an inlet flow rate of 5.0 m/sec or less. 11. The air purification method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which includes a step of passing heated air through the adsorption filtration layer in a direction opposite to the air passage direction. 12 Consists of a casing with openings on the front and back sides, in which the adsorption filtration material is housed, and a blower mechanism with a drive source installed on the back of the casing, with the opening on the back of the casing A funnel-shaped passage is formed between the opening and the blowing mechanism, and the back of the blowing mechanism is open to the outside air. An air purifying device comprising activated carbon having a basic surface, activated carbon having an acidic surface, and activated carbon having a silver-plated surface. 13. The above-mentioned patent claim, wherein a housing housing an adsorption filtration material, a blower mechanism with a driving source, and a funnel-shaped passage are housed in one case, and the housing is removable from the case. The air purification device according to scope 12. 14 The casing is divided into small chambers parallel to the air passage direction, and each chamber contains a mixture of zeolite, pumice particles, activated carbon with a basic surface, activated carbon with an acidic surface, and activated carbon with a silver-plated surface. The air purifying device according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the air purifying device is filled with. 15 The casing is partitioned into a plurality of small chambers by a partition member that allows air to pass through but does not allow the adsorption filter material to pass through,
The air purifying device according to claim 12 or 13, wherein zeolite, pumice particles, and three types of activated carbon are divided from the front to the back and filled in the small chamber while maintaining their relative arrangement. . 16. The air purifying device according to claim 15, wherein the partition member is constituted by a net-like body. 17. The air purifying device according to any one of claims 12 to 16, wherein the blowing mechanism is reversible and the back of the blowing mechanism is opened to the outside air via a heating means. 18 Claim 17 in which the heating means is a heater
Air purification device as described in section. 19. The air purifying device according to claim 17, wherein the heating means is powered heat.