JPS6043166A - Fuel injector - Google Patents
Fuel injectorInfo
- Publication number
- JPS6043166A JPS6043166A JP59153922A JP15392284A JPS6043166A JP S6043166 A JPS6043166 A JP S6043166A JP 59153922 A JP59153922 A JP 59153922A JP 15392284 A JP15392284 A JP 15392284A JP S6043166 A JPS6043166 A JP S6043166A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- valve seat
- valve
- seat member
- fuel
- main body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
- F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
- F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
- F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
- F02M51/0635—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a plate-shaped or undulated armature not entering the winding
- F02M51/0639—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a plate-shaped or undulated armature not entering the winding the armature acting as a valve
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
- F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
- F02M51/08—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle specially for low-pressure fuel-injection
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた
め要約のデータは記録されません。(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
産業上の利用分野
本発明は、中空の本体と、本体の一端で支持され出口オ
リフィスが形成されている弁座部材と、燃料が出［］オ
リフィスを通って流れることを妨げるよう弁座部材ど係
合しえ磁性相で形成された板１１（可動弁部材と、本体
内に収容され弁部材に隣り合う一対の磁極面を有しソレ
ノイド巻線への通電時には弁部材を弁座部材から離間さ
ｌる１蓬長力を発生ずるよう逆方向の極性をとるソレノ
イドと力目らなる、内燃機関の空気入ロマニホールドヘ
燃斜を供給する燃料噴射器に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION The present invention comprises a hollow body, a valve seat member supported at one end of the body and defining an outlet orifice, and a valve seat member through which fuel flows. A plate 11 (having a movable valve member and a pair of magnetic pole faces adjacent to the valve member and housed in the main body, which engages with the valve seat member so as to prevent the valve seat member from moving when the solenoid winding is energized) is formed of a magnetic phase. The present invention relates to a fuel injector for supplying a fuel slope to an air-inlet manifold of an internal combustion engine, comprising a solenoid and a force having opposite polarities so as to generate a vertical force that separates a member from a valve seat member.
従来の技術
従来弁Ｉ・１５部月を鋼で形成することが行なわれてき
ｌ’、−Ｑ
発明が解決しＪ：うどする問題点
しかし、磁界の変花による渦電流が弁座部材中を流れる
ことが一因で弁座部材が弁部材の運動に影響を与えてい
た。また熱処即された鋼から形成された弁座部利は、永
久磁石となることがあった。Prior Art Conventionally, the valve I/15 part has been formed of steel. Due in part to the flow, the valve seat member influenced the movement of the valve member. Valve seats made from heat-treated steel could also become permanent magnets.
ざらに弁座部祠は、弁部材との燃料密な封止が４′１〔
実となるよう高粕１σのＴＩ／Ｉ″をりる必要があった
。The valve seat part has a fuel-tight seal with the valve member of 4'1 [
It was necessary to remove TI/I'' of high lees 1σ to make it fruit.
また使用時、弁Ｊ４Ｊ’１部材の表面に表面浸食の原因
となる燃料のキャビテーションが発生した。Further, during use, fuel cavitation, which causes surface erosion, occurred on the surface of the valve J4J'1 member.
本発明の目的は、上記の如き噴射器の改善にある。The object of the present invention is to improve such an injector.
問題魚を解決Ｊ−るための手段
本発明ににれ（」、弁座部月かプラスチック材わ１から
ｈることを特徴どＪる−１−記の種類の燃斜哨Ｑ＝Ｊ器
が提１ｊ（される。Means for Solving Problems The present invention is characterized in that the valve seat is made of plastic material. Proposition 1j (is done.
実施例
１ズ下図面を参照づ−るに、ｌｌｊ！射器は２つの部分
１０及び１１からなる本体部分からなる。本体の部分１
０は、側壁１３及び底壁１４を有するカップ形をしてい
る。本体の部分１０は磁性材から形成されており、その
９１周面には使用時協働するエンジンの入ロマニホーマ
ルドに設置−１られた孔の壁と燃ｊ′＋１密な封止を形
成Ｊ−るｉＪ ＋ｌ １η１１５が配設された晶が形成
されている。Referring to the drawings below in Example 1, llj! The projector consists of a body part consisting of two parts 10 and 11. Body part 1
0 is cup-shaped with side walls 13 and bottom wall 14. The part 10 of the main body is formed of a magnetic material, and its circumferential surface forms a tight seal with the wall of a hole installed in the engine's inlet Roman formalde which cooperates in use when in use. A crystal in which iJ +l 1η115 is arranged is formed.
本体部分１０の底壁１／Ｉには開口１６が設ｉＪられ、
聞ＩＩ内には磁性材からなる中空のステ１１１７が延在
する。ステムには、本体部分１０の開放端内にずべりぽ
めし溶接により固定された鍔部１８が設（すられている
。ステム１７の周囲は、巻線２０が巻回されたフΔ−−
７１９がＩ１１！り囲んでいる１゜７Ａ−７１９はプラ
スチック製であるのが好；）シ（１器巻線の端は、）Ａ
−マ内に形成され鍔部１Ｂの間口を貫通する一対の端子
柱２１に接続され−Ｃいる。巻１ｉｉ ２０は、フＡ−
−マと底壁１４どの間に配設された第１の封止環２２及
びフォーマと鍔部に１［品格したステムとの間に配設さ
れた第２の封止Ｊｇ！！２３により燃料に対し１４止さ
れている。An opening 16 is provided in the bottom wall 1/I of the main body portion 10,
A hollow stem 1117 made of a magnetic material extends within the space II. The stem is provided with a flange 18 fixed to the open end of the main body portion 10 by slip welding.
719 is I11! It is preferable that the 1゜7A-719 surrounding the coil is made of plastic;)
-C is connected to a pair of terminal posts 21 which are formed inside the frame and pass through the opening of the flange part 1B. Volume 1ii 20 is F-A-
- A first sealing ring 22 disposed between the former and the bottom wall 14 and a second sealing Jg disposed between the former and the flange. ! 14 is stopped for fuel by 23.
ステム１７は鍔部から延出し、内部にはスデノ＼内を延
右ザる圧縮］イルばね２５の−り１１１ｉの台をｈ寸＋
↑２／′ｌがある。栓２４はステム内に圧入されており
その壁ど燃料密な封止を形成Ｊる。The stem 17 extends from the flange, and the stem 17 extends from the flange, and the base of the stem 111i of the spring 25 has a length of h +
There is ↑2/'l. The plug 24 is press fit into the stem and forms a fuel-tight seal around its wall.
本体？Ｘ［；分１１もカップ形をして−いるが本体部分
１０の側壁より低い側壁２６を右覆る。その底壁２７に
（，１末広がり形の出ｌ］２８が設（）られ、底壁の小
径部イＮ１近には１１００・１器が間かれるマニホール
ドの孔の壁とｉμ働する封止環２９が配設される。封止
環１５ど２９との中間の孔は、圧力燃料源に接続された
燃料入口通路を形成する。Main body? The X[; minute 11 is also cup-shaped, but covers the side wall 26 which is lower than the side wall of the main body portion 10. The bottom wall 27 is provided with an opening 28 with a flared end, and near the small diameter part N1 of the bottom wall is a sealing ring that acts with the wall of the hole in the manifold in which the 1100.1 tube is interposed. A hole 29 between the sealing ring 15 and 29 forms a fuel inlet passage connected to a source of pressurized fuel.
本１ホ１１の底壁には、出［１オリフイス３１が設けら
れた弁座部ＪｔＡ３０がイ」設される。封止環３２は、
底壁ど弁座部月３０との間に燃料密な封１にがされるに
うに底壁の１ｂ冒こ配設される。弁座部祠の内面には、
磁（Ｉ＋−祠からイＴる円盤状弁部材３４の運動を案内
する環状案内部材３３が配設されている。A valve seat part JtA30 in which an outlet orifice 31 is provided is provided on the bottom wall of the first hole 11. The sealing ring 32 is
A fuel-tight seal 1 is provided between the bottom wall and the valve seat 30 on the bottom wall 1b. On the inside of the Benzabe Shrine,
An annular guide member 33 is provided to guide the movement of the disk-shaped valve member 34 from the magnetic (I+-) shrine.
弁部材は上記ばねにＪ：り弁座部材方向に附勢され、ば
ねの端部が置かれる凹部が設（プられている。弁座部月
の弁部材に向いた方の面には一対の環状細条が設置、−
Ｊられ、内側の細条３５は弁部材の座とイ１り外側の細
条３６は、内側の細条からなる弁座に当接するよう動く
ときブ↑部制が傾く危険性を減少さける。案内部月３３
はステレンス鋼で形成されるのが好ましい。The valve member is biased toward the valve seat member by the spring, and a recess is provided in which the end of the spring is placed.On the side of the valve seat portion facing the valve member, there is a pair of recesses. Annular strips of -
The inner strip 35 is fitted with the seat of the valve member, and the outer strip 36 reduces the risk of tipping of the valve member when it moves into abutment against the valve seat of the inner strip. Information department month 33
is preferably formed of stainless steel.
弁部々Ａには、内側の細条３５の外側に複数の貫通孔３
７が設りられ、これらの孔がある！こめ例えば弁部材が
内側の細条３５がら１１１間する時燃料が空間３８から
出■オリフィスを通って流れることができる。The valve part A has a plurality of through holes 3 on the outside of the inner strip 35.
7 is set up and there are these holes! Thus, for example, when the valve member disengages the inner strip 35, fuel can flow out of the space 38 and through the orifice.
本１ホ部分１１は溶接３９により本体１ｏに固定され、
本体部分の位胃を正確なものにり−るためひねはぎが用
いられる。例えば本体部分１ｏには環状のｉ！／ｉ ３
９Δが設【］られ、本体１１には環状のさね又は細条／
′ＩＯが設（）られる。また本体部分が接合されるｎｔ
ｔに、非磁性ワッシ１７／１１が案内部月３３ど相隣る
底壁１４の面との間に介装される３゜燃料は本体外部か
ら底壁１／ｌに設（Ｊられた一ス４又はイれ以−１−の
スロワｉ〜４２を通って空間３８へ導かれる。スロワｌ
−内に入った燃料は本体周囲に係合したＩη７状ノイル
タ４３にＪ：り濾過される１、フィルタはプラスチック
刊から形成されるのが便利である。フィルタは、フィル
タネッ１へにより覆われた開口１をイー１′？Ｉる。The part 11 of the book 1 is fixed to the main body 1o by welding 39,
A hinehagi is used to accurately reshape the main body part. For example, the main body portion 1o has an annular i! /i 3
9Δ is provided, and the main body 11 has annular tongues or strips/
'IO is set(). Also, the main body part is joined.
At t, the non-magnetic washer 17/11 is interposed between the guide portion 33 and the surface of the bottom wall 14 adjacent to each other.3°The fuel is installed from the outside of the main body to the bottom wall 1/l. It is guided to the space 38 through the throats i to 42 of the space 4 or the space 1-1.
- The fuel entering the main body is filtered by an Iη7-shaped noiler 43 engaged around the main body.The filter is conveniently formed from plastic paper. The filter connects the opening 1 covered by the filter net 1 to the filter net 1. I.
ｆ’１ｍ
動作時巻線に電流が供給されると、＋＋′ｃ ｓ＋ｖ
１／Ｉどステム゛どは逆向さの極性に分４Ｎ！化され、
ブｒ部祠３ ／Ｉ Ｔ−Ｕぽ、ｂ２５の動ぎに抗して細
条３５から１ｌｌｆ１間覆るので燃オ′３１は弁部材の
孔を通過し出口オリフィス３１を通って流れる。ソレノ
イド巻線への通電が停止されると、弁部材は復帰してば
ねのｆｌ＋ぎににり燃料温が停にるにう細条に当接づ−
る。ワツシＡ７４１は残留磁束により弁部材が「膠着」
Ｊる可能性を減少させる。f'1m When current is supplied to the winding during operation, ++'c s+v
1/I stem is 4N with reverse polarity! became
The combustion engine 31 passes through the hole in the valve member and flows through the outlet orifice 31 as it covers 1 llf1 from the strip 35 against the movement of the b25. When the energization to the solenoid winding is stopped, the valve member returns to abuts against the strips of the spring to stop the fuel temperature.
Ru. In Washi A741, the valve member “sticks” due to residual magnetic flux.
Reduces the possibility of J.
弁座部＋Ａ３０は鋼製であってもよいが、プラスチック
等の非磁性祠製であるのが便利である。プラス・チック
の方が性能及び製造につき右利な点を幾つか右づる。Although the valve seat +A30 may be made of steel, it is convenient to make it of non-magnetic material such as plastic. Plastics have several advantages in terms of performance and manufacturing.
弁座部材が鋼製である場合には、本体部分１０の底壁１
／Ｉに当接Ｊるためにソレノイド巻線への通電りに磁化
される。磁界の脈動により弁座部Ｈには渦電流が発生す
るのでソレノイドの機能がおちる。また熱処理された鋼
の弁座部材では使用面永久）牲石化する傾向がある。When the valve seat member is made of steel, the bottom wall 1 of the main body portion 10
Since it comes into contact with /I, it is magnetized when the solenoid winding is energized. The pulsation of the magnetic field generates an eddy current in the valve seat H, causing the solenoid to malfunction. Also, valve seat parts made of heat-treated steel tend to permanently turn into sacrificial stones.
発明の効果
プラスチックス製の弁座部材は、仕上げが不要４７成型
法ににりつくることができる。鋼製の弁座では費用のか
かる１作及び熱処理が必要である。Effects of the Invention The valve seat member made of plastic can be molded using the 47 molding method without the need for finishing. Steel valve seats require expensive fabrication and heat treatment.
またプラスチックは硬いながら−ｂ僅かに可撓性がある
から金属表面を浸食する燃料のキャビテーションに耐え
られる。Also, although plastic is hard, it is slightly flexible and can withstand the cavitation of fuel that erodes metal surfaces.
弁座部材を形成り−るのに用いられるプラスデック（ま
、例えばアレタール、ポリイミド、ポリ］−一プルスル
ボン、ポリカーボネ−１へ及びフェノール樹脂である。Plastics used to form the valve seat member include polyester, polyimide, polysulfone, polycarbonate, and phenolic resin.
これらは充填剤を加えられてｂ加えられなくてもよい。These may be filled or unfilled.
弁座部材の製造に用いら１′Ｉるプラスデックの具体的
イを例としては、アビｌボン」−ボレーションから［ベ
スペル（Ｖｃｓｐｅｌ ） −１トいう商標で販売され
ている熱硬化１１１−ポリイミドがある。A specific example of a plastic deck used in the manufacture of valve seat members is thermosetting 111 sold under the trademark Vcspel from Avilbon-Boration. There is polyimide.
図は本発明によるガソリン噴Ｑ’Ｊ器の一実施例の縦断
面図である。
１０．１１・・・本体の部分、１３．２６・・・側壁、
１／′１．２７・・・底壁、１５，２２，２３，２９゜
３２・・・月１，１−環、１Ｇ・・・聞［１，１７・・
・中空ステム、１８・・・鍔部、１９・・・フォーマ、
２ｏ・：・巻線、２１・・・端子手１．２／ｌ・・・栓
、２５・・・圧縮コイルばね、２８・・・出口、３０・
・・弁座部材、３１・・・出口Ａリフイス、３３・・・
案内部材１，３４・・・弁部材、３５゜３６・・・環状
細条、３７・・・貫通孔、３８・・・空間、３つ・・・
溶接、３９△・・・溝、４０・・・細条、４１・・・ワ
ツシ＼ア、４２・・・スロワ１へ、４３・・・フィルタ
。
時的出願人 ルーカス インジストリーズパブリツク
リミテッドThe figure is a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment of a gasoline injection Q'J device according to the present invention. 10.11... Main body part, 13.26... Side wall,
1/'1.27...bottom wall, 15,22,23,29°32...moon 1,1-ring, 1G...hi [1,17...
・Hollow stem, 18... collar, 19... former,
2o: Winding wire, 21... Terminal hand 1.2/l... Plug, 25... Compression coil spring, 28... Outlet, 30...
...Valve seat member, 31...Outlet A refit, 33...
Guide members 1, 34... Valve member, 35° 36... Annular strip, 37... Through hole, 38... Space, three...
Welding, 39△...groove, 40...strip, 41...washer, 42...to thrower 1, 43...filter. Temporary Applicant: Lucas Industries Publications
limited
Claims (3)
し、中空の本体と、本体の一端で支持され出口Ａリフイ
スが形成されている弁座部材ど、燃料が出口オリフィス
を通って流れることを妨げるよう弁座部材と係合しえ）
１（目生祠で形成された板状可動弁部材ど、本体内に収
容され弁部材に隣り合う一対の磁極面を有し、ソレノイ
ド巻線の通電時には弁部材を弁座部材からＨ［間させる
磁力を発生づ′るＪ：う逆方向のｌ１１１ｉ１！Ｉをと
るソレノイドとからなり、弁座部材がプラスチック月Ａ
′：１からなることを特徴どづ−る燃オ′≧１噴射器。(1) A valve supplying fuel to an air inlet manifold of an internal combustion engine and preventing fuel from flowing through the outlet orifice, such as a hollow body and a valve seat member supported at one end of the body and defining an outlet A refice. (to engage with the valve seat member)
1 (such as a plate-shaped movable valve member made of Megoki), which is housed in the main body and has a pair of magnetic pole surfaces adjacent to the valve member, and when the solenoid winding is energized, the valve member is moved from the valve seat member to the It consists of a solenoid that generates a magnetic force in the opposite direction, and the valve seat member is made of plastic.
': A fuel injector characterized by consisting of 1'≧1.
？ｊ−る１３ｊ訂請求の範囲第１項記載の燃わｌ １Ｉ
Ｒ１’ｌ器。(2) Is the valve seat member formed by a molding method? j-l 13j Revised scope of claim 1 1I
R1'l device.
イミドであることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第２項記
載の燃石噴ｆｌｉｔ器。(3) The flit device according to claim 2, wherein the valve seat member 81 is made of thermosetting polyimide.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8320321 | 1983-07-28 | ||
| GB838320321A GB8320321D0 (en) | 1983-07-28 | 1983-07-28 | Fuel injector |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6043166A true JPS6043166A (en) | 1985-03-07 |
Family
ID=10546410
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59153922A Pending JPS6043166A (en) | 1983-07-28 | 1984-07-24 | Fuel injector |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6043166A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3426386A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2549902B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB8320321D0 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1176374B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0361157U (en) * | 1989-10-19 | 1991-06-14 | ||
| WO2010016343A1 (en) * | 2008-08-07 | 2010-02-11 | 株式会社ケーヒン | Gas fuel injection valve |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4866222A (en) * | 1971-12-11 | 1973-09-11 |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1072428B (en) * | 1956-11-16 | 1959-12-31 | Bendix Aviation Corporation New York N Y (V St A) | urtis A Hartman Elmira N Y (V St A) I Procedure for the workshop setting of electromagnetically actuated injection valves intended for internal combustion engines |
| CH378115A (en) * | 1962-06-08 | 1964-05-31 | Lucifer Sa | Poppet valve |
| GB1038756A (en) * | 1965-03-22 | 1966-08-10 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Electrically operated fluid valve |
| US3366288A (en) * | 1965-10-11 | 1968-01-30 | Ponsell Floor Machine Co Inc | Dispenser having a motor operated valve assembly |
| FR1467267A (en) * | 1965-12-17 | 1967-01-27 | Nord Aviation | Highly tight valve and corresponding solenoid valves |
| DE6607982U (en) * | 1968-07-31 | 1971-05-19 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | INJECTION COMBUSTION ENGINE. |
| GB1328518A (en) * | 1970-08-19 | 1973-08-30 | Lucas Industries Ltd | Fuel injectors |
| US3731881A (en) * | 1972-02-24 | 1973-05-08 | Bowmar Instrument Corp | Solenoid valve with nozzle |
| AU8211375A (en) * | 1974-06-29 | 1976-12-16 | Lucas Electrical Co Ltd | Fuel injection nozzle |
| EP0026060A1 (en) * | 1979-09-20 | 1981-04-01 | LUCAS INDUSTRIES public limited company | Fuel injector |
| DE3015522A1 (en) * | 1980-04-23 | 1981-10-29 | Wabco Fahrzeugbremsen Gmbh, 3000 Hannover | Three-two way magnetic valve with pot-shaped core - has armature formed by iron disc, axially movable w.r.t. core |
-
1983
- 1983-07-28 GB GB838320321A patent/GB8320321D0/en active Pending
-
1984
- 1984-06-29 IT IT21692/84A patent/IT1176374B/en active
- 1984-07-18 DE DE3426386A patent/DE3426386A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1984-07-19 FR FR8411436A patent/FR2549902B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-07-24 JP JP59153922A patent/JPS6043166A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4866222A (en) * | 1971-12-11 | 1973-09-11 |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0361157U (en) * | 1989-10-19 | 1991-06-14 | ||
| WO2010016343A1 (en) * | 2008-08-07 | 2010-02-11 | 株式会社ケーヒン | Gas fuel injection valve |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2549902A1 (en) | 1985-02-01 |
| DE3426386A1 (en) | 1985-02-07 |
| IT8421692A0 (en) | 1984-06-29 |
| IT1176374B (en) | 1987-08-18 |
| IT8421692A1 (en) | 1985-12-29 |
| GB8320321D0 (en) | 1983-09-01 |
| FR2549902B1 (en) | 1988-07-22 |
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