JPS6038498B2 - Hole wall drilling method using water jet - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION When carrying out underground excavation using a water jet drilling device, the present invention provides for drilling while checking the shape of the excavation hole and the distance between the water jet nozzle and the hole wall on the ground side. About what has been made possible.

It is already well known that water jet drilling equipment is used alone or in combination with mechanical drilling equipment using a drilling bit in caisson sinking methods, etc., but in this case, the water jet nozzle and the excavated material are The distance between the nozzle and the wall of the hole being drilled, as well as the shape of the hole being drilled, are important factors that affect the drilling performance. Therefore, the commonly used ultrasonic pore wall measuring device cannot be used. Furthermore, although not limited to water jet excavation, even when measuring the final excavation shape after the completion of excavation, ultrasonic measurement methods have no problem on smooth surfaces, but
Accurate detection measurements are also difficult because ultrasound waves are not reflected well on uneven surfaces. The hole wall measuring device that uses ultrasonic waves, which has been widely used in the past, consists of an ultrasonic generator on the ground, an underwater transmitting section, a receiving section, a calculating section on the ground, and a recording section. The ultrasonic waves hit the hole, are reflected, are caught by the receiver, and the time from when they are emitted until they return is measured and converted into distance, and the record is usually transmitted at a constant speed. Since the information is displayed on the recording paper that is received and the correspondence with the position is indicated by markings such as limit switches, push buttons, etc., it is difficult to make a correspondence with the real thing. In addition, the directivity of ultrasound,
Unevenness of 30 to 40 degrees or less cannot be detected due to diffuse reflection, etc., and as mentioned earlier, when excavating with a water jet, the ultrasonic waves are disturbed in the turbid flowing water, making measurement difficult. It is. In addition, when drilling a vertical hole etc. with a reverse drilling machine, a device has been developed that uses a pinion and a rack to measure the drilling accuracy while making contact along the wall of the drilling hole. The hole is narrow, on the 0 to 140 side, and irregularities larger than that cannot be measured without replacing the attachment.Also, since measurements are made by sliding up and down the hole, it is impossible to directly see the excavation shape itself. The present invention takes into consideration these problems in the conventional technology, and when performing excavation using a water jet drilling device,
This system enables drilling while accurately and easily measuring the distance between the water jet nozzle and the borehole wall, as well as the excavation shape, even in flowing turbid water. Using a water jet drilling device that is freely held and movable horizontally at a desired position and a hole wall detection arm attached to a water jet telescopic nozzle of the device, the detection arm is attached to a ground simulator. By outputting the amount of expansion and contraction in a similar manner, drilling can be performed while checking the shape of the hole wall and the distance between the nozzle tip and the hole wall.

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the illustrated embodiments.The present invention employs a means of mechanically detecting the borehole wall, without using ultrasonic waves for detection as in conventional methods. As described later, a cylindrical object is pressed against the hole wall, its tip is moved along the hole wall, and the amount of movement and the corresponding amount of expansion and contraction are recorded by a model installed on the ground side. As a means for pressing this tip against the hole wall and moving it along the hole wall, the present invention can be used in various industries.

Using a master-slave manipulator system with force feedback, which is already used as a pot, a means of rotating the master on the ground side while pressing it against the hole wall side with a constant force, or a combination of a pressure switch and a timer, Means is used to perform repeated reciprocating motions and detect the excavation shape as the envelope thereof, and these will be explained below with reference to sequential diagram examples. Figure 1 shows an example of a caisson sinking method using the master-slave manipulator method described above, in which a pilot hole is excavated with a drilling bit and the circumferential side of the cutting edge of the sunken caisson is excavated with a water jet. This is an overall layout diagram. In the same figure, 1 is a caisson, la is the cutting edge at the lower end, 2 is a drilling bit in a rotary excavator used in advance for drilling a hole, and bit 2 is a caisson. As shown in the figure, the drill shaft 3 is supported by the lower end of the drill shaft 3, and the drill shaft 3 is rotatable and slidable in the vertical direction on a rotary table 5 installed on a pedestal 4 installed at the upper end of the caisson 1. The shaft 3 is rotated by the rotation of the table 5, and the table 5 is driven by a hydraulic motor or the like, although not shown.

In the drill shaft 3 of such a rotary excavator, a water jet mount 6 is installed above the drilling bit 2 so that it can slide, and a hydraulic cylinder 7 is installed on the mount 6 as an expansion and contraction mechanism for the water jet nozzle. The rod 8 of the cylinder 7 is made into a hollow pipe body, and a high-pressure water pipe 9 arranged using the shaft 3 as shown in the figure is connected. A water jet nozzle 10 is integrally attached to the tip of the head 8 as a conduit, and a high-pressure water jet is ejected from the nozzle 10 to enable excavation to the lower circumferential side of the caisson blade opening la. indicates a pilot hole as the first drilling hole by the drilling bit 2, and the drilling diameter of the pilot hole 11 is approximately the same as the outer diameter of the drilling bit 2, but drilling by the high pressure water jet of the water jet nozzle 10 As the process progresses, the pilot hole 1
1 detects the shape of the hole that is being widened and excavated to the lower part of the blade □ section la of the caisson 1, as well as the distance between the nozzle 10 and the inner wall surface of the hole. In the figure, 17 is a drum attached to the cylinder 7 side, and a rope 17a wrapped around the drum 17 is connected to the drum 17 and the rod 8. In an apparatus equipped with such a water jet drilling device, in the present invention, a detection roller 1 is installed in front of the water jet nozzle 10 attached to the tip of the rod 8 as a detection unit in the master-slave manipulator system.
2 is attached so as to be able to move back and forth simultaneously, and furthermore, a rotational displacement detection device for the rotary table 5 is provided on the circumferential side of the rotary table 5 on the ground side. Rod 8 in
In combination with the expansion/contraction displacement, the displacement of the hole wall excavated by the water jet nozzle 10 can be expressed in polar coordinates.

Therefore, the hydraulic motor for rotating the rotary table 5 and the cylinder 7 for advancing and retracting the rod 8 are slaves in the master-slave manipulator circuit, and the recording section (also used as the operating section) as illustrated in FIG. A cylinder and a hydraulic motor are provided, and the master cylinder is provided with a recording pen to record the movement trajectory of the detection roller 12 along the hole wall. That is, in the recording section shown in FIG.
5, a rotary disk 16 corresponding to the rotary table 5 is rotatably provided by a rotation shaft 16a, and a master cylinder 18 is installed on the disk 16.
A recording pen 20 is supported at the tip of the rod 19 of the cylinder 18, and a master hydraulic motor 21 is also installed on the pedestal 15 side.
8 and the hydraulic motor 21 are detected by a potentiometer 22, a rope drum or rope pulley device 23, a potentiometer 24, a gear mechanism 25, etc.
The rod 19 and the rope pulley device 23 are linked to the pestle 26.
As a result, the movement trajectory is recorded on the printing scale 28 of the recording paper 27. In the figure, A indicates a line corresponding to the outer wall of the caisson 1, and the opening indicates a line corresponding to the inner wall of the caisson 1.

Since this master-slave manipulator system (with force feedback) is already known, we have only outlined it as above in the explanatory diagram of the embodiment, but its system diagram is as illustrated in Figure 3. 18 is a master cylinder, 7 is a slave side cylinder, and water jet nozzle 1.
0 is a telescopic hydraulic cylinder, SV is a servo valve of the hydraulic circuit attached to each, Ps is a hydraulic power source on the slave cylinder side, Ps' is a hydraulic power source on the master cylinder side, P
is the pressure difference in each cylinder, or as is the displacement on the slave cylinder side, 8m is the displacement on the master cylinder side, and other U is the intensifier. Therefore, in the first embodiment using the master-slave manipulator, the distance between the nozzle 10 and the borehole wall, as well as the borehole shape, are automatically measured and detected in the following manner.

That is, first, hold the master and move it toward the hole wall on the recording paper 27. Then, until the detection roller 12 on the slave side hits the hole wall, the servo valve SV operates so that the displacement on the master side and the displacement on the slave side are relatively equal (at a certain scale ratio), and the slave side is displaced. In fact, the detection roller 12 on the slave side hits the hole wall surface, and since the slave side cannot be displaced any further, the operating pressure increases, which is fed back to the master side, and the force required to move the master side increases. The master also hits at that position, and the hole wall is recorded on the recording paper 27 via the recording pen 20. If the rotary disk 16 is further rotated while pressing the master side against the hole wall side, the excavation shape around the entire circumference of the hole will be recorded. If there is a possibility that the measurement range is larger than the cylinder stroke, the cylinder can be made into a multi-stage type, or the master cylinder 18 can be pressed mechanically, and an automatic feed device can be added to the hydraulic motor side of the master. If you do it,
Automatic measurements are also easily possible. In addition, if the detection section shown in Fig. 1 is slidably attached to the drill shaft 3 and moved up and down by a winch, etc., and designed so that its vertical displacement can be combined with the rotational feed on the recording section side, it is possible to Measurements across directions are also possible. Next, as another embodiment of the present invention, a pressure switch and a timer are combined,
If we explain the method of making repeated reciprocating motion and detecting the excavation shape as its envelope, the entire device may have the same configuration as the master-slave manipulator method illustrated in FIG. The borehole wall will be recorded by a combination of pressure switch and timer without the use of a circuit as shown in the figure.

That is, a directional control valve 29 and a pressure switch P as shown in FIG.
By using S and turning on the pressure switch PS, the directional switching valve 29 is switched so that the cylinder 7 is on the push side, and the rod 8 moves forward and its detection roller 12 hits the borehole wall. The pressure increases, the pressure switch PS is activated, the directional control valve DS is switched to the return side, and the rod 8 begins to retreat.At the same time, a timer (not shown) starts counting, and after a few seconds (3 to 5 When the timer times out (on the order of seconds), the directional control valve 29 switches again to the push side, and the rod 8 of the sill 7 resumes forward movement, repeating the reciprocating movement. The rotary table 5 provides automatic rotational feed. Due to the combined effect of both, the second
In the illustrated recording section, the recording pen 20 draws a pen trajectory as shown in FIG. 5, and the scaled hole wall shape is detected as the envelope C of the pen trajectory. When the measurement is completed at a certain horizontal cross section and the switch is turned off, the directional control valve 29 becomes a return valve, and when the rod 8 is completely returned, the directional control valve 29 becomes the neutral position. , the cylinder 7 stops at rest. Even in the case of this detection measurement method using a pressure switch and timer, it is possible to measure the hole wall in the vertical direction in the same way as in the case of the master-slave manipulator method described above, and there is a possibility that the cylinder stroke will be insufficient. In such cases, the cylinder may be of a multi-stage type.

Furthermore, in the case of this switch and timer method, a displacement detection device for the actual object and the model (recording device) is required, but there is no need to detect the operating pressure on the model side (master side), and the servo valve SV , it would be better to use a servo motor instead of a hydraulic cylinder (or hydraulic motor).
In any of the two or more operating methods, according to the method of the present invention, the actual shape of the excavated hole and the distance between the hole wall and the nozzle 10 are kept constant on the recording paper 27 in the recording section on the ground side. Because it is clearly recorded on a reduced scale, it is possible to understand the excavation situation at the construction site extremely accurately, which allows the excavation to be carried out with higher precision, and it is possible to quickly respond to abnormalities and make corrections. This allows the excavation work to proceed extremely smoothly and accurately.

In particular, according to the present invention, unlike conventional ultrasonic measuring means,
Measurements can be made in flowing water, and measurements can be taken while injecting a high-pressure water jet, so there is no need to stop the water jet for measurement. If it is used as part of the rod and sprayed from the nozzle 10 at the tip of the rod, more parts can be shared between the excavation equipment and the measuring equipment, which is advantageous in terms of structure and cost. Furthermore, the water jet nozzle 10 is an important factor in the drilling effect in water jet drilling.
The distance between the object and the object to be excavated can be kept constant, and according to the present invention, irregularities on the hole surface of about 10 degrees can be easily detected. The most effective water jet distance can be obtained without accidents such as damage, and if the microcomputer is maintained in the recording unit of the present invention, it can be , it is possible to automatically excavate according to the shape of the caisson cutting edge, and the measurement range is also 0~
As a water jet excavation method, it is extremely superior in terms of workability, accuracy, and labor saving, as it can be expanded to 1,500 ribs. In addition, it goes without saying that the above-mentioned measurement, detection, and recording devices of the present invention can be used as an independent measuring device for various hole drilling operations, and can exhibit excellent advantages and range of applications as a measuring device itself. It is.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 shows a concrete drilling device 1 for carrying out the drilling method of the present invention.
An explanatory diagram of an example, Fig. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the main parts of the recording section, Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram in the master-slave manipulator method, and Fig. 4 is the same pressure switch, hydraulic pressure of the slave side cylinder in the timer method. The system diagram, FIG. 5, is an explanatory diagram of a recorded example of the shape of the same excavation hole. 1...Caisson, 2...Drilling bit, 3.
...Drill shaft, 4... Frame, 5...
...〇〇Tarifle, 6...Water jet mounting base, 7...Hydraulic cylinder for nozzle expansion/contraction (slape side cylinder), 8...Same rod, 10...
Water jet nozzle, 11... Bottom hole, 12...
・Detection roller, 13...Rotational displacement detection device, 1
8... Master cylinder, 19... Same rod, 20... Recording pen, 27... Recording paper. Figure 5' Figure 1 Figure 3 Figure 2 Figure 4

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Using a water jet drilling device that is held movable up and down and horizontally movable at a required position, and a hole wall detection arm attached to the water jet telescopic nozzle of the device, a ground simulator is installed. A method for drilling a hole wall using a water jet, characterized in that drilling is performed while confirming the shape of the hole wall and the distance to the tip of the nozzle by outputting the amount of expansion and contraction of the detection arm in a similar manner.