JPS6037232Y2 - Spindle high/low speed switching device - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] The present invention relates to a high-low speed switching device that switches a main shaft between high-speed and low-speed rotation regions.

The spindle speed of machine tools varies from low speed to high speed (or ultra high speed)
It is required to be able to change gears over a wide range.

The conventional main shaft rotational speed switching device uses a gear-type multi-stage transmission after the rotational speed of the electric motor is constant, so that the speed change is stepped and the speed change range is narrow.

Therefore, recently, in order to continuously change the speed of the electric motor from low speed to high speed, and to operate the electric motor in an efficient rotation range and expand the rotation range of the main shaft, a two-stage gear type transmission has been installed on the main shaft. A type of transmission device in which the main shaft is switched between high-speed and low-speed rotation ranges is popular.

In order to support the automated operation of machine tools equipped with automatic tool changers, the gear type transmission is equipped with a rotary actuator, etc., and the actuator is rotated at a speed corresponding to the spindle rotation speed specified by the tool change command to be replaced. drive the
There are transmission shifters that automatically switch gears between high speed and low speed.

In the case of automatic high/low speed switching as described above, the actuator is forcibly regulated to two positions, high speed or low speed, so it is not possible to stop the chic in the neutral position and disengage the high and low gears. .

For this reason, it is not possible to manually switch the shifter by sliding it to any position.

Furthermore, in order to operate the actuator, the solenoid switching valve is kept energized to the high speed side or the low speed side, so it goes without saying that heat generation and power consumption are inevitable. (energized position) and returns to the neutral position (deenergized position) without holding it.

For this reason, there is a drawback that the spindle may be switched inadvertently, causing the spindle rotational speed to be out of order.

The present invention was developed in view of the above situation, and in addition to providing a manual bundle on the rotating shaft of the actuator that drives the transmission sickle, the present invention also provides two-way switching between high and low speeds of the actuator.
This is done by a positional solenoid switching valve (double solenoid valve), and a two-position solenoid switching valve (single solenoid valve) for supplying and stopping compressed air is interposed on the air source side.

With this, pressurized air can be supplied to the high-speed side or low-speed side of the actuator while the two valves are demagnetized, so the valves will not be switched inadvertently even in the event of a power outage, and the electromagnetic solenoid will be prevented from overheating. In addition to making it possible to save power, the compressed air is cut off when the single solenoid valve is energized and the inside of the actuator is connected to the outside air, making it possible to operate the bundle manually.

Next, the device of the present invention will be explained with reference to embodiments shown in the drawings.

First, in FIG. 1, 1 is a spindle head of a ram-type milling machine, which is attached to the front end surface of a ram 2.

3 is a main shaft, the lower end (tip) of which has a tapered hole 3a into which a tool (not shown) is fitted, and several bearings 4...
The lower side of the tile 5 is held within the inserted tile 5.

The quill 5 is fitted into the shaft bearing cylinder 1a of the spindle head 1, and an elevating rod 6, which is driven in forward and reverse directions by an elevating drive unit (not shown) of the main spindle, lifts and lowers a nut body 7 that is screwed thereto. Since the nut body 7 is fixed to the quill 5, the tile (and the main shaft 3) 5 moves up and down through the stroke S by normal and reverse rotation of the lifting rod 6.

Ml is a drive motor for the main shaft 3, and a belt 9 is wound around a pulley on this rotating shaft (both not shown) and a pulley 8 on the driven side, supported by two bearings 10 and 11, and the pulley 8 is fitted. The drive shaft cylinder 12 is rotated.

The drive shaft cylinder 12 is continuously and steplessly rotated at a variable speed by adjusting the speed of the drive motor M and adjusting the outer diameter of the pulley 8.

Further, an upper portion of the narrow diameter portion 3b of the main shaft 3 that protrudes upward from the top end of the quill 5 is loosely fitted into the cylinder of the drive shaft cylinder 12.

A small gear (pinion) 12 is provided on the lower end side of the drive shaft cylinder 12.
a is engraved, and a spline 3 is formed on the outer periphery of the narrow diameter portion 3b.
3c and 12a, and is equipped with a gear type transmission G that switches between high speed and low speed between the two 3c and 12a.

That is, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, reference numeral 13 is an internally toothed high-speed gear, which engages with a spline 3c of the narrow diameter portion 3b of the main shaft 3 and is supported by the shifter 14 via a bearing 15.

As the shifter moves upward, the high-speed gear 13 meshes with the end of the small gear 12a of the drive shaft cylinder 12 as shown in FIG. do.

Reference numeral 16 denotes a low-speed large gear that meshes with the small gear 12a, and is fitted onto the upper end side of the rotatable intermediate shaft 17.

An intermediate gear 18 is supported by the shifter 14 via a bearing 19 on the spline 17a of the intermediate shaft 17, and this intermediate gear 18 engages with the spline 3c via the bearing 20 as shown in FIGS. The low speed gear 21 supported by the inner bracket 1b of the spindle head 1 meshes with the shifter 14 at its lowered position.

In this meshed state, the rotational force of the drive shaft cylinder 12 is transmitted from the large gear 16 to the low speed gear 21 via the intermediate shaft 17 and intermediate gear 18, and drives the main shaft 3 at a rotation speed lower than the rotation speed of the drive shaft cylinder 12. .

A rotary actuator RA that moves the shifter 14 up and down is attached to the side wall 1c so as to face the boss 14a of the shifter 14 fitted into the vertical support pin 22.

The eccentric pin 25 of the cylinder 24 is fitted onto the tip of the rotation shaft 23, which is the operating shaft of the rotary actuator RA.
is inserted into the horizontally long engagement groove 14c carved in the right side wall of the boss 14a, and the eccentric pin 25 is moved up and down in an arc by approximately 1800 rotations of the rotation shaft 23, and the shifter 14 is placed in the low speed position (Fig. 2). Move to high speed position (Figure 4).

That is, when the shifter 14 is in the low speed position, the high speed gear 13 is out of mesh with the small gear 12a, and the low speed gear 21 is in mesh with the intermediate gear 18.

Further, when the shifter 14 is in the high speed position, the low speed gear 21 is disengaged from the intermediate gear 18, and the high speed gear 13 is in mesh with the small gear 12a.

26 is a manual bundle attached to the tail end (outer end) of the rotation shaft 23 of the rotary actuator RA.As shown in FIG. 3, when the supply of compressed air from each piping Ph and PI is cut off, the manual bundle 26 is low speed position (low), high speed position (high)
It is also possible to freely position the gears 13 and 21 to a neutral position where they are disengaged.

Next, the pneumatic circuit for operating the rotary actuator RA will be explained with reference to FIGS. 5-7.

The piping P1 from the compressed air source A1 passes through the second position MTi magnetic switching valve (single solenoid valve) Vl, which has one electromagnetic solenoid SQL, to the outlet side piping P2, which has two electromagnetic solenoids SO1, 2, and 5OL3. It is connected to the position solenoid switching valve (double tremade valve) V2, where it is branched into a high-speed side piping PH and a low-speed side piping P1, and connected to the high-speed side and low-speed side of the rotary actuator RA.

That is, the single solenoid valve V1 is energized by the electromagnetic solenoid 5OL1 to open the pipe P1. as shown in FIG. The fifth and sixth
Piping P□ as shown in the figure.

12 to communicate with each other.

Further, the double solenoid valve V2 is activated by the electromagnetic solenoid 5OL2 on the high speed side as shown in FIGS. P
This state is maintained even when the electromagnetic solenoid 5OL2 is demagnetized, and by the energization of the electromagnetic solenoid 5OL3 on the low speed side, as shown in FIG. 6, the pipe P2. Even if P1 is brought into communication and then demagnetized, this state is maintained.

Therefore, when each electromagnetic solenoid 5OL2, 5OL3 is energized and then immediately de-energized, the high-low speed switching device (transmission device) G is switched to the high speed side in Fig. 5 or the low speed side in Fig. 6 by the operation of the rotary actuator RA. It has a circuit configuration that switches and holds.

Of course, each electromagnetic solenoid SOL, 2°5OL3 is controlled by an electric circuit (not shown) which is once energized and immediately deenergized.

The high/low speed switching device of the present invention is constructed as described above,
The effect will be explained below.

First, when operating the high/low speed switching device with the manual bundle 26 provided on the rotating shaft 23 of the rotary actuator RA, as shown in FIG. 7, the solenoid 5OLl of the single solenoid valve V1 is energized to close the pipe P1. Cut off between P2.

Now, the pipes ph and pt connected to the rotary actuator RA are connected to the outside air, and the rotation shaft 23 can freely rotate.

Then, by rotating the manual bundle 26 left and right, the shifter 1 is brought to a neutral position where the gears 13 and 18 are disengaged, as shown in FIG.
4 can be moved, as shown in FIG. 5, the high speed gear 13 can be meshed with the small gear 12a,
As shown in FIG. 6, by meshing the low speed gear 21 with the intermediate gear 18, it is possible to freely switch between high and low speeds.

Next, each electromagnetic solenoid 5 of double solenoid valve V2
Main shaft (transmission) by switching the energization of OL2, 5OL3
The effect of automatically switching speed 3 to the high speed side or low speed side will be explained.

To switch the main shaft 3 to the high speed side, the single solenoid valve V is deenergized and the elastic force of the spring 27 opens the pipe P1.
Connect between 12.

Then, the high-speed side solenoid SQL of the double tremade valve V2 is energized, and the piping P2. When communication is established between Ph, compressed air is transferred to rotary actuator R.
Press fit into the high speed side of A and rotate the rotation shaft 23 in the direction of the arrow, the eccentric pin 25 moves the shifter 14 upwards and the high speed gear 1
3 meshes with the small gear 12a.

The meshing of the high-speed gear 13 is S. At the same time (immediately after the meshing), the solenoid 5OL2 is deenergized and becomes deenergized, but the valve V2 is connected to the pipe P2. Maintain communication between Ph.

Therefore, even if there is a power outage, the two valves V1. v2 is maintained at the current state, and an inadvertent switching operation of the spindle 3 does not occur.

On the other hand, the low-speed solenoid SQL of the double solenoid valve V2 is energized, and the piping P2. When the PIs are communicated, piping P2. Ph is cut off, compressed air is press-fitted into the low-speed side of the rotary actuator RA, rotates the rotation shaft 23 in the direction of the arrow, and the eccentric pin 25 moves the shifter 1
4 is moved downward to mesh the low speed gear 21 with the intermediate gear 18.

Although the solenoid 5OL3 is deenergized after the low-speed gear 21 is engaged and becomes deenergized, the valve V2 is not connected to the pipe P.
2. Maintain communication between P1.

Therefore, even if there is a power outage, the two valves V1. (2) The state shown in FIG. 6 is maintained so that the main shaft 3 is not accidentally switched.

As mentioned above, the solenoids 5OL2 and 5OL3 of valve V2, which are once energized during gear shifting, are demagnetized as there is no need to maintain the energized state, and since valve V1 is also in the demagnetized state, it is possible to prevent heat generation and save power. .

This action is carried out by two valves V1. This is not possible when using a 3-position electromagnetic switching valve that combines V2 into one.

In order to switch and hold the main shaft 3 on the high speed side or low speed side,
Either one of the two electromagnetic solenoids 5OL2 and 5OL3 must be kept energized, and when it becomes demagnetized due to a power outage, it returns to the neutral position using a built-in spring, cutting off the air supply to the low-return actuator RA and draining the air inside the actuator. Since the gas is exhausted, the shifter 14 moves naturally and disturbs the gear shift position.

The present invention is not limited to the one embodiment described above, and design changes can be made within the gist.

For example, the type of machine tool is not specified by the spindle head of the illustrated ram-type milling machine.

In addition, in machine tools equipped with an ATC device, the spindle rotation speed is automatically set according to the tool when changing the tool to the spindle 3, so the electromagnetic solenoids 5OL2 and 5OL3 of the double solenoid valve v2 are temporarily set in accordance with this. It will be excited to.

Further, the rotary actuator RA may be changed to a reciprocating actuator that moves forward and backward in a linear motion, and in this case, a manual handle 26 is attached to the tip of the rotation shaft 23 of the shifter 14.

According to the present invention, the high-speed gear that engages the main shaft is brought into mesh with the drive-side pinion by a manual handle of the rotating shaft that moves the chic located on the main shaft side, or the low-speed large gear that engages with the pinion when the gear is disengaged from the main shaft. In a main shaft transmission device that engages a low-speed gear on the main shaft via an intermediate gear, compressed air is supplied to an actuator installed on the rotating shaft when a two-position electromagnetic switching valve having one electromagnetic solenoid is deenergized. Connect the outlet side piping to the actuator via a two-position electromagnetic switching valve with two electromagnetic solenoids, connect the high-speed side piping of the two-position electromagnetic switching valve with two electromagnetic solenoids to the high-speed side of the actuator, and connect the low-speed side piping to the high-speed side of the actuator. Connected to the low speed side of the actuator, the transmission device can be manually operated when the two-position electromagnetic switching valve having the one electromagnetic solenoid is energized, and when the two-position electromagnetic switching valve having the one electromagnetic solenoid is deenergized. Since the main shaft is switched to the high speed or low speed side by temporarily energizing the high speed or low speed side electromagnetic solenoid of a 2-position solenoid switching valve that has two electromagnetic solenoids, the actuator can be maintained even if the single solenoid valve and double solenoid valve are demagnetized. Compressed air can be supplied to the high speed side or low speed side of the When the solenoid valve is energized, the compressed air is cut off and the inside of the actuator is communicated with outside air.
The effect is that the chic can be moved to any position by manual handle operation.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a partially cutaway sectional view of the spindle head of a ram-type milling machine, Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the high-low speed switching device of the present invention, and Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the spindle head of a ram type milling machine.
The figure is a front view of the handle portion of the device of the present invention, FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the transmission showing its operating state, and FIGS. 5 to 7 are pneumatic circuit diagrams and pneumatic control circuit diagrams showing its operating state. 1...Spindle head, 1c...Side wall, 3...
...Main shaft, 3b...Small diameter part, 3c...
... Spline, 12... Drive shaft cylinder, 12a.
...Small gear, 13...High speed gear, 14.
...Shifter, 16...Big gear, 17...
...Intermediate shaft, 18...Intermediate gear, 21...
...Low speed gear, 22...Support pin, G...
・・・High/low speed switching device (transmission device), A-work...
Compressed air source, Pl, P2... metering, ph...
...High speed side piping, Pl...Low speed side piping, Vl
...2-position electromagnetic switching valve (single solenoid valve) with one electromagnetic solenoid, V2...
2-position electromagnetic switching valve (double solenoid valve) with 21 electromagnetic solenoids, SOL, 1-5OL2...
・Electromagnetic solenoid, RA...Rotary actuator, 23...Rotation axis (operating axis), 25.
...Eccentric pin, 26...Manual handle.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] A high-speed gear that engages with a spline on the small diameter part of the main shaft inserted into the drive shaft cylinder connected to the drive motor is engaged by a manual handle provided via the rotating shaft with a pinion at the end of the drive shaft cylinder by movement of the shifter. On the other hand, when the high-speed gear is disengaged due to a sick, the gear is switched from the low-speed large gear that is always in mesh with the pinion to the intermediate gear that is engaged with the spline of the intermediate shaft to the low-speed gear of the main shaft by the action of the sick. In a main shaft transmission, compressed air is supplied to the actuator provided on the rotating shaft from a pipe on the outlet side when a two-position electromagnetic switching valve having one electromagnetic solenoid is deenergized. The high-speed side piping of the two-position electromagnetic switching valve having the two electromagnetic solenoids is connected to the high-speed side of the actuator, and the low-speed side piping is connected to the low-speed side of the actuator. When the position solenoid switching valve is energized, the transmission device can be manually operated, while the above 1.
When the two-position electromagnetic switching valve with two electromagnetic solenoids is de-energized, the main shaft is switched and held in gear engagement on the high-speed or low-speed side by temporarily energizing the high-speed or low-speed electromagnetic solenoid of the two-position electromagnetic switching valve with two electromagnetic solenoids. A high-low speed switching device for the main shaft, which is characterized by: