JPS6033707A - Oscillator - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a tuner having stable operation and high oscillating tuning accuracy by connecting an open terminal of an optional electrode of the tuner where electrodes are arranged oppositely or in parallel via a dielectric to an input or an output terminal of a feedback amplifier. CONSTITUTION:The tuner 14 which consists of a transmission line electrode 15 having an inductance through the synthesis of a lumped inductor caused by bending the transmission line and a distributed inductor and a transmission line electrode 16 opposed to said electrode or arranged in parallel via the dielectric and forming the transmission line with said electrode so as to constitute a negative reactance, is connected to the input or output terminal of a feedback amplifier 12. The earth terminals of the transmission line electrodes 15, 16 are set so as to be in opposite direction and the input terminal 13 of the tuner 14 is set to the open terminal of the transmission line electrode 15. The tuning oscillator stable against vibration and temperature change and having high oscillation tuning accuracy is obtained.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a tunable oscillation device that can be used in transmitters and receivers for televisions, radios, stereo tuners, personal radios, and other communication devices in general.

Conventional configurations and their problems In recent years, the number of broadcast waves from television and radio and communication waves from communication devices has increased, and the performance of the tuned oscillator that oscillates the desired signal as the local oscillator of the receiver has become highly tuned. Accuracy, stability and reliability are required. On the other hand, reducing the manufacturing costs of receivers, transmitters, and communication devices that install tuned oscillators is also a major issue, and it is especially important to develop fundamental new technologies for the components of tuned oscillators in the high frequency section, which are difficult to rationalize. A conventional tuned oscillator will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a conventional tuned oscillator, in which 1 is a tuning inductor, 2 is a variable capacitor, and 3 is a fixed capacitor, each of which constitutes a tuning circuit 4.

Then, the input terminal or output terminal 6 of the feedback amplifier 1]
was connected to the tuned circuit 4.

Further, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a conventional component configuration that constitutes the tuning circuit 4 in FIG. was connected by.

However, in the above configuration, ■ Inductor parts and canopy parts have a large C size compared to other high-frequency parts, and their height is especially high, which makes it easier to downsize and thin the equipment in which the tuned oscillator is installed. It is hindering the development of

- The inductance of inductor parts is easily shifted by mechanical vibration, and the ferrite core has a large temperature dependence, so the inductance is unstable, and the tuning frequency in the tuner fluctuates greatly. Therefore, even if a tuned oscillator is constructed, its oscillation frequency varies greatly depending on the surrounding conditions.

■ Inductor and capacitor components exist as separate components, and are connected by long circuit conductors, resulting in a large amount of lead inductance and stray capacitors, making the operation of the tuned circuit unstable. As a result, it is not possible to ensure sufficient selection characteristics, and further disadvantages occur such as unnecessary resonance states occurring at uncertain frequency points, making it difficult to actually create a tuned oscillator as designed. Can not. As a result, abnormal oscillation occurs, an increase in harmonic components in the oscillation of unnecessary signals, and an increase in distortion due to this.

Variable tuning leads to narrowing during changes in oscillation frequency.

■ Since a tuned circuit is a collection of individual parts with independent minimum unit functions, there are limits to reducing the number of parts and rationalizing manufacturing.

It had problems such as:

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to construct a tuned oscillator equipped with a tuner formed by integrating an inductor part and a capacitor part, and further to make the form of the tuned oscillator ultra-thin and compact. 1. Oscillation tuning operation is stable against fluctuations in ambient conditions such as changes in mechanical oscillation, and oscillation tuning accuracy is high. Stable oscillation tuning operation is possible even in the high frequency range, excluding the negative effects of connection leads in the tuner. However, there is still a need to provide a tuned oscillator that reduces the number of parts and allows for rationalization of manufacturing.

Structure of the Invention The oscillation device of the present invention is an oscillation device of the present invention, which is an oscillator of any type in a tuner, in which the terminals connected to the ground of the electrodes that are arranged opposite to each other via a dielectric material or arranged in parallel on the surface of the dielectric material are set in opposite directions. The open terminal of one of the electrodes is connected to the input terminal or output terminal of the feedback amplifier, so that one electrode acts as a distributed inductor in the opposite electrode in the tuner or in the dish. In addition, by placing the electrode that acts as a distributed inductor and the other electrode facing each other or in a dish, a distributed constant circuit with an open tip is formed, thereby realizing distributed capacitance due to the negative reactance generated.
A tuned circuit is formed by acting in parallel with the above distributed inductor, and a tuned oscillation function is obtained by connecting and installing this tuned circuit to the feedback amplifier as a load or a precircuit for the feedback amplifier. It is.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 3 shows a circuit configuration diagram of an oscillation device in an embodiment of the present invention. An input terminal or an output terminal 13 of the feedback amplifier 12 is connected to a tuner 14 . In the tuner 14, reference numeral 16 denotes a transmission line electrode having an inductance resulting from the combined inductance of a distributed inductor and a lumped inductor generated by bending the transmission line. On the other hand, reference numeral 16 denotes a transmission line electrode that faces the transmission line electrode 15 or is disposed in a dish via a dielectric (not shown) or on its surface. Then, the respective transmission line electrodes 15 and 1
6 forms a transmission path that generates negative reactance. Here, the ground terminals of the respective transmission line electrodes 15 and 16 are set to be on opposite sides. Also, the input terminal 13 in the tuning amplifier 14 (common with the input terminal or output terminal 13 in the feedback amplifier 12)
has been set to the open terminal of the transmission line electrode 16.

FIG. 4 shows a circuit configuration diagram of an oscillation device in another embodiment of the present invention. An input terminal or an output terminal 18 of the feedback amplifier 17 is connected to a tuner 19. In the tuner 19, 20 is a transmission line electrode having an inductance that is the sum of a distributed inductor and a lumped inductor generated by bending the transmission line. On the other hand, 21 is a transmission line electrode that faces the transmission line electrode 2o or is disposed in a dish via a dielectric (not shown) or on its surface. Then, each transmission line electrode 20
and 21 form a transmission path that generates negative reactance. Here, the ground terminals of the respective transmission line electrodes 2o and 21 are set to be on opposite sides of each other. Further, the input terminal 18 of the tuner 19 (common with the input terminal or output terminal 18 of the feedback amplifier 17) is set to the open terminal of the transmission line electrode 20.

Further, a voltage variable capacitance diode 22 is connected as a variable reactance element to the input terminal 18 which is set as an open terminal of the transmission line electrode 20. 23
is a control voltage input terminal for the voltage variable capacitance diode 22.

In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 above, the terminals set to ground in each of the tuners 14 and 19 are not connected to ground, but are used as common terminals in each of the tuners 14 and 19. , can be connected to other circuits including respective feedback amplifiers to achieve the desired purpose. Additionally, tuners 14 and 19
The input terminals 13 and 1 are not limited to being set at the tips of the respective transmission line electrodes 16 and 20, but can be set at any position having the required impedance. Regarding the installation position of the voltage variable capacitance diode 22, the transmission line electrode 2o
The connection is not limited to a predetermined position in the transmission line electrode 20, but the desired purpose can be achieved even if the connection is made at any position in the transmission line electrode 20.

In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 above, if it is necessary to adjust the tuning frequency of each tuner 14 and 19, a required portion of the transmission line electrodes 16 and 21 may be arbitrarily cut out. Alternatively, the distributed capacitance and inductance can be changed by arbitrarily setting the ground terminals of the transmission line electrodes 15, 16, 20° 21 at required positions, and the purpose can be achieved.

Among the embodiments described above, the one shown in FIG. 3 can constitute an oscillation device having a single oscillation frequency with a simple configuration, and the one shown in FIG. 4 can arbitrarily vary the oscillation frequency. It is possible to construct an oscillation device that can

FIGS. 5 to 13 represent embodiments of the structure of the transmission line electrodes and dielectric material, representing the tuner 14 explained in FIG. 3.

In Fig. 5, (a) is a surface view, (b) is a side view, and (C
) indicates the back view. (The same applies to FIGS. 6 to 12 below) In FIG. 5, 100 is a dielectric substrate;
01 and 102 are electrodes forming a distributed constant circuit to realize a distributed inductor and a distributed capacitor. The ground terminals of the electrodes 101 and 102 are set so that the opposing electrodes are arranged in opposite directions, as shown in FIG.

(The same applies to Figures 6 to 13 below) Figure 5 (a
) side shown in ■.

The ■ side corresponds to the side shown in FIG. 6(c), and the side ■, respectively. (The same applies to FIGS. 6 to 12 below) In FIG. 6, electrodes 104 and 105 each having one bent portion are placed opposite to each other with a dielectric substrate 103 in between.

In FIG. 7, electrodes 107 and 108 each having a plurality of bent portions are placed facing each other with a dielectric substrate 106 interposed therebetween.

In FIG. 8, meander-shaped electrodes 110 and 111 are placed facing each other with a dielectric substrate 109 in between.

In FIG. 9, spiral-shaped electrodes 113 and 114 are placed facing each other with a dielectric substrate 112 in between.

In FIG. 10, an electrode 11 is placed on the surface of a dielectric substrate 115.
6 and 117 are installed laterally facing each other.

In FIG. 11, an electrode 11 is provided inside a dielectric substrate 118.
9 and 120 are installed facing each other.

In FIG. 12, an electrode 12 is provided inside a dielectric substrate 121.
2 is installed, and an electrode 123 is installed on the surface of a dielectric substrate 121, with the electrodes 122 and 123 facing each other.

FIG. 13 shows a configuration diagram of a tuner in another embodiment of the present invention. An electrode 125 is installed on the inner periphery of the cylindrical dielectric 124, and an electrode 126 is placed opposite the electrode 125 on the outer periphery. and,
The ground terminals of the respective electrodes 125 and 126 are set to be on opposite sides. Here, as the dielectric 124, in addition to the cylindrical one, a rectangular cylindrical one can also be used.

In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 6 to 13 above, the electrodes installed opposite each other have the same shape and completely face each other,
This can be realized even if one arbitrary electrode has a different equal measurement length compared to the other electrode, or even if the opposing electrodes partially face each other. Further, the shapes of the electrodes used in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 10 to 13 can also be realized using those shown in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 6 to 9.

Furthermore, in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 6 to 9, the bent portions are formed in an arcuate pattern having an arbitrary bending angle; This is not to say that it may be constructed with electrodes formed in a pattern of.

In each of the above two embodiments, the ground terminal of each electrode does not have to be specially set as a ground terminal, but can generally be connected to other circuit parts (not shown) as a common terminal to achieve the required purpose. can do.

In each of the above embodiments, the one shown in FIG. 5 can be constructed with a simple electrode pattern, and it is possible to easily form a highly accurate electrode pattern.
Thereby, it is possible to construct a tuner that precisely matches the design target tuning frequency. In the configuration shown in FIGS. 6 to 9, it is possible to form a relatively large intertwiner and capacitor even if the area occupied by the tuner is small. Therefore, a compact tuner with a relatively low tuning frequency can be realized, and the space factor of the tuner can be improved. The one shown in FIG. 10 simplifies the manufacturing process because both electrodes can be formed on only one side of the dielectric. Furthermore, both electrodes can be formed using the same electrode forming process. As a result, the positioning accuracy between the electrodes can be achieved with extremely high precision, and a tuner that matches the design target tuning frequency with extremely high precision can be constructed. What is shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 can be introduced into the manufacturing process of multilayer circuit boards. As a result, the electrodes are placed inside the dielectric and are not exposed to the outside, so they are not directly affected by changes in external conditions. Therefore, since it does not affect the tuning frequency of the tuner, it is possible to realize a tuner with extremely stable performance. Even if the tuner shown in FIG. 13 is further miniaturized than those shown in FIGS. 5 to 12, it is possible to form a sufficiently large intermitter and capacitor. Therefore, an ultra-small tuner having a sufficiently low tuning frequency can be realized. Furthermore, when manufacturing the device shown in FIG. 13, the electrodes are successively formed on a continuous cylindrical dielectric material, and the electrodes are cut into required dimensions and lengths, thereby making it easy to manufacture in large quantities. Is possible.

Note that metal conductors, printed metal foil conductors, thick film printed conductors, thin film conductors, etc. can be used as the transmission line electrodes in each of the above embodiments, and the transmission line electrodes can still be formed by combining different types of each of the above conductors. You may. On the other hand, dielectric materials include alumina ceramic, chitavari, and plastic.

Teflon, glass, mica, resin-based printed circuit boards, etc. can be used.

The operation of the tuner of this embodiment configured as described above will be explained below.

FIG. 14 is an equivalent circuit for explaining the operation of the tuner of the present invention. In Fig. 14(a), the electrical length °C
The signal source 72 that generates the voltage e is connected to the transmission line electrode 70 for the transmission line formed by the respective transmission line electrodes 70 and 71 whose ground terminals are set in opposite directions.
shall be connected to supply the signal. As a result, a traveling wave voltage eA is excited at the open terminal at the tip of the transmission line electrode 7o. On the other hand, since the transmission line electrode 71 is disposed close to the above-mentioned transmission line electrode 70, facing each other or in parallel, a voltage is induced by mutual induction.

The traveling wave voltage induced in the open terminal at the tip of the transmission line electrode 71 is assumed to be eB.

Since the respective ground terminals of the transmission line electrodes 70 and 71 are set in opposite directions, the induced traveling wave voltage eB has an opposite phase to the excited traveling wave voltage eA. Since the forward end of the transmission line is open, each of the traveling wave voltages eA and eB forms a voltage standing wave in the transmission line formed by the transmission line electrodes 7o and 71. Here, if the voltage distribution coefficient indicating the distribution mode of voltage standing waves in the transmission line electrode 70 is represented by K, then the voltage distribution coefficient in the transmission line electrode 71 can be expressed as (i-K).

Therefore, next, if we consider the potential difference V that occurs at arbitrary opposing parts of the transmission line electrodes 70 and 71, we get v-xeA(1-K)eB...
...It can be expressed as (1). Here, assuming that the respective transmission line electrodes 70 and 71 have the same electrical length 2, eB=-eA ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・
・・・・・・・・・・・・? ), thereby making the first
The potential difference ■ in the formula is v-KeA+(j-K)eA -eA ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・
......(3). That is, the transmission line electrode 70
A potential difference V can be generated in all parts where and 71 face each other.

Here, it is assumed that the transmission line electrodes 70 and 71 have an electrode width W and a thin electrode thickness), and are opposed to each other at a distance d with a dielectric material having a dielectric constant εS interposed therebetween. In this case, the capacitance C6 formed per unit length of the transmission line is, therefore, Co-ε. ε81 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・
......disastrous).

Therefore, the transmission path shown in FIG. 14(-) is as shown in FIG. 14(b).
In addition, the voltage standing wave distribution (or current standing wave distribution) in each transmission line electrode 70 and transmission line electrode 71 is Since the wave distributions (wave distributions) are in an antiphase relationship with each other as described above, this transmission line operates as a balanced mode transmission line at any given time.

As a result, the equilibrium voltage e as shown in FIG. 14(C)
is equivalent to a balanced mode transmission line formed by transmission line electrodes 75 and 76 which are excited in a balanced mode by a balanced signal source 74 having . Needless to say, its electrical length is the same as the original electrical length 2 shown in FIG. 14(a). Furthermore, this balanced mode transmission line is shown in Fig. 14(d).
As shown in FIG. 2, it can be equivalently expressed as a distributed constant circuit consisting of integrated distributed inductors 77 and 78 and distributed capacitors 73, which are composed of the distributed inductor component of the transmission line and the lumped inductor component generated by the bent shape of the transmission line, respectively. can.

Next, the relationship between the formation of the distributed capacitor 73 and the electrical length 2 of the transmission path will be explained. Characteristic impedance Z per unit length in a balanced mode transmission line as shown in FIG. 15(a). can be expressed by the equivalent circuit shown in FIG. Its characteristic impedance Z. is generally. Here, if the transmission path is lossless, then This assumption can be applied to many of the embodiments of the tuner of the present invention, and to simplify the explanation, the characteristic impedance Z0 is expressed as shown in the following equation 8. The capacitance C8 in the eighth equation is the same as the capacitance C8 per unit length of the transmission line calculated in the sixth equation. In other words, the characteristic impedance Z7 of unit length 17 in the transmission line
-1 is a function of the capacitance C0, which is also a function of the permittivity εS of the dielectric material involved in the capacitor C6, the width W of the transmission line electrodes and the spacing d between the respective transmission line electrodes.

As described above, the equivalent reactance X generated at the terminal of a transmission line whose characteristic impedance per unit length in the transmission line is 20, whose electrical length is 2, and whose tip is open is X = -Z cotθ ・・Song・Opening・Song・・・・
It can be expressed as song (9). Here, θ=2π− 2... Listen to... Song... (1
o), and in particular, the equivalent reactance X is X≦0 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・
......(12). That is, the equivalent reactance at the terminal of the transmission line can be the capacitive reactance. Therefore, depending on the electrical length 2 of the transmission path, θ
corresponds to Equation 11, that is, a capacitor can be formed by setting the electrical length U to λ/4 or less, for example. The capacitance C of the capacitor that can be formed can be realized by changing θ, that is, by setting the electrical length 2 of the transmission path, as shown by the following.

FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating the operation mode of the transmission line explained in Equations 9 to 13 above. FIG. 16 shows how the equivalent reactance X generated at the terminal changes in accordance with the change in the electrical length β of the transmission line with its tip open. As is clear from Fig. 16, when the electrical length U of the transmission line is less than λ/4 or between λ/2 and 4λ2, it is possible to form a negative terminal reactance. can form a capacitor. Furthermore, by arbitrarily setting the electrical length 2 of the transmission path under conditions that generate negative terminal reactance, it is possible to realize the capacitance C to an arbitrary value.

The capacitor C formed in this way is shown in FIG.
It can be equivalently replaced as the lumped constant capacitor 79 shown in e). Further, an inductor formed by combining the distributed inductor component existing in the transmission line and the lumped inductor component generated by bending the transmission line can be equivalently replaced as the lumped constant inductor 80. If the virtual balanced signal source 74 and the ground in each transmission line are replaced so that they are equivalent to the state shown in the original FIG. 14(a), then the state shown in FIG. 14(f) is obtained. It becomes as shown in . If the ground terminal is shared in common in FIG. 14(f), it is clear that the final result is a parallel resonance consisting of a lumped constant capacitor 79 and a lumped constant inductor 80, as shown in FIG. 14(q). It becomes equivalent to a circuit and can be used as a tuner.

As the feedback amplifier used in the above-described device, a semiconductor device such as a transistor, a field effect transistor, or an IC, or a vacuum tube may be used.

Effects of the Invention As is clear from the above explanation, the present invention comprises a tuner composed of electrodes placed opposite each other through a thin dielectric layer or arranged in parallel on the surface of the dielectric, and the tuner is configured by using feedback amplification. Since it is configured to be connected to the input terminal or output terminal of the inductor, it is possible to configure a resonant circuit in a tuner used in an oscillation device without installing a connecting lead between the inductor and the capacitor. It can perform the synchronization function. Thereby, lead inductance and stray capacitance in the tuner can be completely eliminated. Therefore, unexpected resonance other than resonance at the target tuning frequency does not occur over a wide frequency band. As a result, stable frequency selection characteristics can be ensured, the level of the fundamental wave in the signal to be oscillated can be made sufficiently high, and the level of its harmonic components can be sufficiently reduced. Therefore, distortion in the oscillation signal can be significantly stabilized and reduced. Furthermore, by ensuring stable frequency selection characteristics, it becomes possible to sufficiently alleviate the problem of emitting spurious interference signals.

■ Since it is possible to realize an oscillation device with a tuner that can be made into a module, there is no constant fluctuation of inductance and capacitance in the tuner due to mechanical vibration, and as a result, the oscillation tuning characteristics are extremely stable. In addition, by using a material with a small temperature dependence of its dielectric constant as the dielectric material constituting the tuner,
Fluctuations in capacitance due to changes in ambient temperature can be made extremely small, thereby making the tuning characteristics extremely stable.

Therefore, the oscillation frequency characteristics and unnecessary interference signal rejection characteristics of the oscillator do not depend on changes in ambient conditions.
These characteristics can be stably maintained not only during the initial stage of configuring the oscillator but also over a very long period of time.

(2) With a simple configuration, it is possible to have an integrated tuner and to realize a very simple oscillation device. Furthermore, it becomes possible to put into practical use an ultra-thin and compact oscillation device.

Therefore, the amount of unnecessary radiation of the oscillation signal radiated from the tuner can be extremely reduced. This not only makes it possible to stabilize the oscillation operation of the oscillation device itself, but also prevents interference with other oscillation systems.

(2) If the circuit board constituting the oscillator is shared as the dielectric used in the tuner in the oscillator, the mounting form in the oscillator can be rationalized. Moreover, it is thereby possible to further greatly reduce the number of parts constituting the tuner, making it possible to put into practice an oscillation device suitable for mass production, and to greatly reduce manufacturing costs.

This excellent effect can be obtained.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a configuration circuit diagram of a conventional oscillation device, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a component configuration of a tuner used in a conventional oscillator, and FIGS. 3 and 4 are configurations of an oscillation device in an embodiment of the present invention. Circuit diagrams, Figures 5 to 13 are configuration diagrams of the tuner used in the oscillation device in the embodiment of the present invention, and in Figures 6 to 12, (a) is a surface view, and (■) is a side view. , (C
) is a back view, in Figure 13 (,) is a side view, (b)
14 is a top view, and FIGS. 14 to 16 are diagrams illustrating the operating principle of a tuner used in an oscillation device in an embodiment of the present invention. 12.17...Feedback amplifier, 14.19...
... Tuner, 15, 16, 20, 21. 101, 10
2.104,105,107,108,110°111
．． 113, 114, 116, 117, 119°120.
122, 123, 125, 126, 70°71.75.
76... Transmission line electrode, 22... Voltage variable capacitance diode, 100, 103°106.
109,112,115,118,121゜124-・
...Dielectric material. Name of agent: Patent attorney Toshio Nakao and 1 other person No. 1
Figure 3 Figure 4L 2θ Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 8 ε1);) Mouth Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 13 (CI) Figure 14 Figure 14

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) Optional in a tuner in which the terminals connected to the ground of the electrodes that are placed opposite to each other via a dielectric or arranged in parallel on the surface of the dielectric are set in opposite directions. An oscillation device characterized in that an open terminal of one electrode of is connected to an input terminal or an output terminal of a feedback amplifier. ? 2.) The oscillation device according to claim 1, wherein a variable reactance element is connected to an open terminal of one of the electrodes of the tuner. (3) The oscillation device according to claim 2, which uses a voltage variable capacitance diode as the variable reactance element. (4) Outside the scope of claim 1'rM (Δ2 敞3 Naeme h h -zuh K, 1; F!Sai's complete volume w. ←) The oscillation device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, using an electrode having a spiral shape. (6) Claims 1 to 5 in which the length of one electrode is arbitrarily set to be shorter than the length of the other electrode, and the length of the electrode is set to be shorter than the length of the other electrode, and the length of the electrode is set to be opposite to each other or arranged in parallel at any part.
The oscillation device according to any of paragraphs. (7) The oscillation device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, in which each electrode or a portion or the entire electrode on any one side is installed inside the dielectric; (8) A cylindrical shape or The oscillation device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the respective electrodes are provided at an inner circumferential portion and/or an outer circumferential portion of a rectangular cylindrical dielectric body. (9) The oscillation device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the tuned oscillation frequency range is arbitrarily set and controlled by cutting out any desired part of one or both electrodes. . (10) The oscillation device according to item 9 of the patent, characterized in that the stain pole is formed by non-contact cutting means. (11) Any one of claims 1 to 10, in which the tuned oscillation frequency range is arbitrarily set and controlled by setting any desired part of any one electrode or both electrodes as a terminal to be connected to ground. The oscillation device described in . 02) Connect the terminal to ground on each electrode,
Claim 1: Common terminal without connection to ground
The oscillation device according to any one of Items 1 to 11.