JPS6026452B2 - How to detect machine operating status - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a method for detecting the operating state of a machine or device equipped with a finger mechanism.

[Description of prior art]

In general, the mechanical movement mechanism that constitutes various mechanical devices is equipped with a slider made of a combination of components made of Okayama body or non-rigid body, and the slider side is connected between the components so that it can operate. It is designed to have a certain swamp clearance.

Even if the mechanism is well-balanced and designed with sufficient consideration for sliding clearance, it may not be able to slide smoothly due to aging or other factors, resulting in various problems when using the machine. is causing

For example, conventionally, in order to detect whether a machine is operating smoothly, a fuse blowing force is inserted into the motor circuit that is the drive source, or the lubricating oil pressure next to the slider in the machine, the sliding speed, or the sliding speed is detected. A means of stopping the motor or machine by activating the playing force and each sensor under certain conditions, such as providing individual sensors for detecting distortion of a moving object, etc., has been explored, but this conventional method Since the motor and machine are simply stopped by activating the playing force and each sensor at a predetermined break point, it takes time to quickly and accurately determine the cause of a malfunction in the machine's operation. Not only that, but also it is necessary to equip the machine with the playing force and multiple types of sensors, and to attach the respective operating circuits and operating mechanisms, so the abnormality detection device becomes large-scale. There are many drawbacks, including the risk of damaging the machine if the activation timing is delayed.

In addition, in order to know the performance of bearing lubricating oil, especially the oil film depletion state, the electrical resistance between the inner and outer rings of the bearing is measured, and a pulse signal is obtained when the change in electrical resistance exceeds a predetermined value. Although there is (see Utility Model Publication No. 50-81291),
This is only for knowing the lubrication performance itself, and is not for detecting the operating condition of the machine.

For example, in the case of a machine tool, abnormal machine operation can be caused by changes in the level of the base of the sliding body, deterioration of lubricating oil performance, changes in the load of the sliding body, abnormal vibration of the sliding body, and heat of the sliding body. This occurs due to displacement due to stress or wear of the sliding surface, so in order to detect abnormal machine operation, the conventional method described above requires overcurrent to the motor, lubricating oil, sliding speed, etc. Tsurumi's point is that it is sufficient to constantly monitor each individual change, but since the conventional method has the drawbacks mentioned above, the inventor of the present invention further aims to detect machine abnormalities. As a result of investigating the mode of operation, it was found that when a machine operates abnormally, regardless of the cause, the sliding body next to the slider and the sliding body are the main components of the various mechanisms that make up the machine. It was discovered that the swamp clearance was accompanied by abnormal fluctuations.

Therefore, as a result of further experiments and research, the inventor found that changes in emotional clearance that occur during machine operation draw various patterns over time, and that each pattern is associated with a single or multiple causes of the abnormal operation. The present invention was completed based on the knowledge that there is a certain relationship between the two. [Structure and operation of the invention] That is, the method of the present invention, as shown in steps 100 and below in the flowchart shown in FIG. The sliding machine corresponds to each factor of sliding abnormality caused by deterioration of lubricating oil, load change, thermal stress distortion, wear of sliding surface, etc., or a combination of any of these factors. The sliding clearance of the tank is detected over time or as the sliding body moves, and the manner of change in the tank moving clearance is patterned in advance in step 110. The lateral sliding clearance is detected over time or as the tank moving body moves, and the manner of change is patterned, and this is combined with the previously patterned pattern of the manner of change of the sliding clearance in step 130. This method is characterized by detecting the operating state of a machine by comparing it in a correlative manner.

With the above configuration, the pattern of the change in the actual sliding clearance resulting from step 1201 can be combined with the pattern of the change in the multiple swamp clearances set in steps 1 to 10 in response to a large number of abnormal factors and step 130. Since the pattern of the change in the sliding clearance detected in step 120 is compared with any one of the patterns of the change in the sliding clearance corresponding to a large number of preset abnormality factors, It is possible to know whether a pattern is applicable, whether an abnormality is currently occurring, and if an abnormality is occurring, the cause of the abnormality, and the operating status of the machine can be detected. be. [Description of Examples] Next, Examples of the method of the present invention will be described.

FIG. 2 shows an example of a device for carrying out the present invention, which includes a clearance sensor S, a memory M that stores a pattern of clearance changes patterned in advance, a computer CPU, and an output device of the computer CPU. and an output device OUT for generating appropriate display or control signals for automation.

Figures 3 and 4 are perspective views showing the principle of the emotion machine incorporated into the machine. FIG. 4 shows an example of a sliding machine consisting of a sliding body base 11 having a sliding guide 11a, and a sliding body 21 mounted so as to be slidable in all directions of the axis of the base. In the sliding machine shown in Fig. 3, the vertical clearance al
In addition, in the sliding foundation shown in FIG. 4, a vertical clearance a2 and a horizontal clearance b2 are secured between the base 11 and the sliding body 21.
The normal state of these sliders is that the clearance is ensured and each clearance portion is filled with lubricating oil.

FIG. 5 shows a specific example of the clearance sensor S.

The clearance sensor S shows an example of a differential transformer type. The differential transformer 23 has a movable iron core 25, a spindle 29 whose one end is pressed toward the marsh body base 11 by a spring 27, and a primary coil 31 and a secondary coil 33 provided opposite to the movable iron core 25. A frame 35 provided with the coils 31 and 33 is fixedly provided on the slider 21, and the spindle 29 is pressed against the frame by the spring 27 against the slider base 11. The pressing force of the spring 27 is adjusted to such an extent that one end of the spindle 29 smoothly slides on the slider base 11, and as the slider 21 slides, the spindle 29 equipped with the movable iron core 25 moves to the fifth position. Move up and down in the figure.
An oscillation circuit 37 is connected to the primary coil 31, a detection circuit 39 is connected to the secondary coil 33,
The detection circuit is connected to the computer CPU via an amplifier circuit 41 and an A/○ conversion circuit 43. When a voltage with a frequency of 1 to Nz is applied from the oscillation circuit 37 to the primary coil 31, 2
A predetermined voltage is outputted to the next coil 33 according to the position of the movable iron core, and this world voltage is applied to the detection circuit 39.

The detection circuit 39 detects this voltage and supplies it to the amplifier circuit 41. The detected voltage amplified by the amplifier circuit 41 is converted into a digital value by the A/D conversion circuit 43 and provided to the computer CPU'. The digital value thus obtained is spindle 2
It is clear from the example of a side lengthening device shown in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 121554/1983 that has a similar construction that the movement position of the device 9 can be measured on the order of microns. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, each of the clearances al, bl
, a2, b2, when the machine is operated, the shaft 2 or sliding body 21 of each mechanism is rotated or slid, causing a change in the respective clearance △1, but this change does not occur if the machine is not as designed. As long as the clearance is in this state and operates normally, it remains within a certain range, and the pattern formed by the change in clearance over time also draws a substantially constant pattern. Note that FIG. 6 shows the change in the clearance Δ1 over the entire sliding width (x) of the sliding body, and FIG. 7 shows the state that changes with the passage of time T. Regarding the passage of time, there is a long-term one that lasts from several months to one year, and a short-term one that corresponds to the rhythmic time of the sliding width. Therefore, in carrying out the method of the present invention, first, the clearance sensor S is attached to the mechanism so that each clearance △1 can be detected at all times, and at the same time, the sliding foundation is For example, the base level pattern Po, which is obtained by disturbing the level of the sliding body base as shown in the memory M of FIG. 2, by artificially creating various factors that cause The lubricating oil pattern P obtained by
Each sliding pattern includes a load/turn Po3 obtained by changing the load, a thermal stress pattern Po4 obtained by causing thermal stress strain, or a wear pattern P obtained by sliding on a worn sliding surface. The manner in which the above-mentioned clearances change during sliding under an abnormality factor is patterned, and the changes in each clearance under an environment in which individual sliding abnormality factors are arbitrarily combined are detected and patterned. The patterned signal detected by the clearance sensor S is stored in, for example, a computer equipped with a pattern discrimination function. FIGS. 8 to 10 show examples in which the above-mentioned patterns are stored in the memory M shown in FIG. 2.

As shown in Fig. 8, the base level pattern Po obtained by tilting the level of the sliding body base, and the thermal stress pattern Po4 obtained by causing thermal stress strain are stored as a function of the sliding section of the sliding body x. are doing. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 9, the load pattern Po3 obtained by changing the load of the lubricating oil pattern P obtained using deteriorated lubricating oil is stored as a function of time T during a relatively short period of time during movement. has been done. This means that if the lubricating oil deteriorates, the clearance will fluctuate severely, and if the load fluctuates, the clearance will also fluctuate accordingly. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 10, the lubricating oil pattern Po2,
The wear pattern P of the sliding surface can be shown as a function of time T over a relatively long period (several months to several years). Further, in addition to the above-mentioned factors such as the base level inclination and thermal stress strain, a pattern of changes in the sliding clearance corresponding to a combination of these factors will be explained.

The pattern corresponding to the merging factor is, for example, a pattern corresponding to the case where force and strain are simultaneously added to the above-mentioned base level inclination and thermal bending. In this case, the base level is disturbed and at the same time, the slider foundation is By applying heat and detecting changes in the sliding clearance that change thereby, patterns similar to those shown in FIGS. 8-10 can be obtained.

Here, it is presumed that the pattern of changes in the port service level corresponding to the above-mentioned annexation factors will be a pattern that is the sum of the base level pattern Po shown in FIG. 8 and the thermal stress pattern Po4. , in reality, the pattern of variations in sliding clearance forms a more complex pattern. Therefore, when obtaining a pattern of changes in sliding clearance corresponding to merging factors, unless it is theoretically clear that patterns corresponding to each factor can be synthesized, it is necessary to actually generate these factors and change the sliding clearance. It is necessary to actually measure and find the change. Possible merging factors include a combination of two or more of these factors, such as base level wear, thermal stress distortion, deterioration of lubricating oil, load fluctuations, and wear of sliding surfaces; Even if it is a merging factor, the pattern corresponding to this merging factor is uniquely determined, so if you actually measure the change in sliding clearance by actually applying these merging factors to the side of the slider, you can It is possible to obtain patterns such as those shown in FIGS. 8-10. Next, after completing the preliminary work as described above on the side of the bog machine, when the side of the slider is operated as part of an actual machine operation, the clearance sensor S detects its sliding clearance. This clearance detection is carried out continuously during the operation of the supermotor, and the detection signal is patterned as time-related speed data and supplied to the computer. The computer sequentially compares the clearance pattern signals that are input during the actual operation of the sliding machine with the plurality of previously stored clearance pattern signals, and calculates the clearance pattern signal that is input during the operation of the sliding machine side. A pattern discrimination function discriminates which of a plurality of pre-stored pattern signals corresponds to the pattern signal, and outputs a discrimination signal.

Assume now that a detection pattern P, as shown in FIG. 11, has been obtained.

This pattern shows that the clearance Δ1 increases with the moving distance x, and the degree of this increase can also be seen. Therefore, if this pattern P, is compared with each of the previously determined patterns, this detected pattern P, is similar to the (base level pattern) of pattern P shown in FIG. 8, and a change has occurred in the base level. It is speculated that. Furthermore, if the detection pattern P2 has severe unevenness as shown in FIG. 12, this pattern P2 is similar to the pattern Po3 (load pattern) shown in FIG. 9, indicating that there was a variation in the load. It makes us speculate.

In this case, if the amount of load fluctuation exceeds a predetermined value, the output device shown in Figure 2 will immediately stop the machine.
It is possible to issue a warning that there is an abnormal load. Furthermore, if the number of detection patterns P3 increases over time as shown in FIG.
Pattern Po2 (lubricating oil pattern) shown in the figure or P
Similar to o5 (wear pattern).

When two types of conditions are assumed in this way, the two types of abnormal conditions are determined based on this, but other conditions, such as the lubricant oil condition shown in Figure 9, are also determined at the same time. It is also possible to extract only abnormal states with higher accuracy, taking into consideration whether the deterioration pattern Po2 has occurred.
The discrimination signal may be, for example, a pattern of clearance change when all factors of sliding abnormality are included, a plurality of patterns representing a clearance change when any plurality of factors of sliding abnormality are roughly combined, and a pattern of clearance change when all factors of sliding abnormality are included. A pre-stored memory pattern, such as a plurality of patterns representing clearance changes in each case, is compared with an input pattern that is input when the slider foundation is actually operated, and the input pattern is determined. If corresponds to one of the stored patterns, a signal to that effect is output, so it can be used to determine what causes an abnormal change in the sliding clearance, or in other words, whether there is an abnormality in the operation of the machine. This can be determined by the output of this discrimination signal.

In the above embodiments, a differential transformer type clearance sensor has been exemplified, but the clearance sensor that can be used to implement the present invention is not limited to this.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, the method of the present invention focuses on the fact that when an abnormal operation occurs in a machine, an abnormal change occurs in the sliding clearance of the machine, and changes in the sliding clearance due to individual factors that cause the sliding abnormality. Changes in the sliding clearance due to a combination of any of the abnormal factors listed above are detected in advance for the sliding machine in question and patterned, and the sliding clearance when the machine is actually operated can be determined in advance. By constantly detecting and patterning and comparing this with the above-mentioned pre-patterned sliding clearance changes, it is possible to detect during machine operation whether the machine is operating under the proper environment. Therefore, compared to conventional damage prevention measures such as fuse blowing force, which detect machine abnormalities only after the fuse actually blows, this method can only detect machine abnormalities before the machine suffers major damage. This has the effect of making it possible to specifically know the cause of machine abnormality or its tendency.

Therefore, if the cause of abnormal operation or the tendency of abnormal operation can be grasped in advance, it is possible to control the machine to correct it in response to the cause or tendency, thereby minimizing wear and tear due to aging of the machine. The benefit is that the life of the machine can be extended. In addition, the method of the present invention can be implemented immediately as long as there is a sensor that detects the sliding clearance next to the slider and a computer that processes the signal from the sensor. This is advantageous in that there is no need to arrange sensors at various locations or to provide signal processing means for each sensor.

The above method of the present invention focuses on the fact that abnormal operation of a machine, regardless of the cause, appears as a change in the sliding clearance included in the machine, and examines the individual factors that cause the abnormal operation of the machine. Alternatively, changes in sliding clearance due to a combination of factors that are arbitrarily roughly combined are patterned in advance as a signal that accompanies the passage of time, and then the patterned signal and the change when the machine is actually operated are used. The operating status of the machine is checked by comparing the changes in clearance that occur.
The pre-patterned signals have individually meaningful contents.

However, the operation of a machine is caused by factors other than those that have been known empirically, or by a combination of factors that have been known individually but that act simultaneously. , or because it is thought that abnormal operation is caused by intermittent factors that act on and off during the operation of the machine, and various other factors that act in a complex manner, the above-mentioned information based on signals that can be patterned in advance is There is a limit to the amount. Therefore, when implementing the method of the present invention, in addition to signals that are patterned in advance with meaning as described above,
Any pattern that has no meaning (pseudo-anomaly pattern)
A signal may be generated and compared to a pattern of changes in sliding clearance detected during operation of the machine. When the detection pattern of the sliding clearance matches or substantially matches the above meaningless pattern signal, the machine is stopped, and the machine is operated while the sliding clearance changes pattern occurs. By investigating the cause later, it becomes possible to identify the cause of abnormal machine operation that is not known from experience, and therefore,
This is useful in estimating the service life of machinery. On the other hand, a method of detecting the sliding clearance of a slider included in a machine over time while the machine is in operation can be applied to the design and manufacture of a machine including such a slider.
In other words, when designing and manufacturing a certain machine, by detecting the change pattern of the sliding clearance during the operation of the machine prototyped under various conditions, it is possible to Since we can visually grasp the operating state of the machine, which was previously unknown, in the pattern of changes in the sliding clearance next to the slider, we can identify abnormal changes in the sliding clearance through various prototypes. This is because it is possible to design a design that does not occur.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing the method of the present invention, FIG. 2 and the following show embodiments of the present invention, FIG. FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the clearance sensor; FIGS. 6 and 7 are pattern explanatory diagrams explaining the manner of change in clearance; FIG. The horizontal axis shows the distance traveled, and the one in Figure 7 shows the time. Figures 8 to 10 are explanatory diagrams of patterns of changes in clearance determined in advance according to various conditions, and Figures 11 to 13 are illustrations of patterns obtained by actually measuring changes in clearance. FIG. 1...Bearing, 2...Shaft, 11...Sliding body base, 11a...
...Sliding guide, 21...Sliding body, al, a2.
...Vertical clearance, bl, b2...
...Horizontal clearance, S... Clearance sensor, CPU... Computer, OU
T.・・・． . . . Output device, P of P 5 . . . Predetermined pattern, P, ˜P 3 . . . Detection pattern. Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 8 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. When a machine equipped with a sliding body is operated, abnormalities in sliding caused by changes in the level of the base of the sliding body, deterioration of lubricating oil, thermal stress distortion, or wear of the sliding surface, etc., occur in the sliding mechanism. The sliding clearance of the sliding mechanism corresponding to each factor or a combined factor combining any of these factors is detected over time or as the sliding body moves, and changes in the sliding clearance are detected. On the other hand, the sliding clearance in the operating sliding mechanism is detected over time or with the movement of the sliding body, and the manner of change is patterned, and this is patterned in the previously patterned manner. A method for detecting an operating state of a machine, characterized in that the operating state of the machine is detected by correlatingly comparing patterns of changes in sliding clearance.