JPS6025664B2 - transmission - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a transmission for wheels, and is particularly suitable for use in combination with a fluid coupling or a fluid transmission of an automobile, etc., and includes a gear ratio drive gear stage. This relates to a transmission having four forward speeds and one reverse speed.

Generally, the reduction ratio of the highest gear of a transmission used in an automatic transmission of an automobile is set to 1.0, where the input ball and the output koji are directly connected. In addition, in consideration of preventive measures against recent regulations on automobile exhaust emissions, and in order to reduce fuel consumption, the reduction ratio has been increased from 1.0 during steady driving with small load fluctuations on the engine and stable operating conditions. It is necessary to keep the rotational speed of the engine in a small state, that is, in a speed-increasing state, so that the rotational speed of the engine does not deviate from a predetermined operating range, and a transmission device equipped with a speed-increasing ratio drive gear stage has been proposed. Then,
Three sets of planetary gear mechanisms are combined to form a gear train combination mechanism (hereinafter simply referred to as a gear train) with five degrees of freedom.
Connect one member to the output shaft, select two members arbitrarily from the remaining four members, connect one to the input shaft, and connect the other member to the fixed part member (however, if a direct connection state is obtained, the input shaft) By doing so, the power train is completed and the specified reduction ratio is obtained.
By switching the connecting member, it is possible to convert to another power train and obtain a different reduction ratio, thereby realizing a gear stage of 3 to 4 forward gears and 1 reverse gear that can perform so-called gear shifting. On the other hand, many combinations of the three planetary gear mechanisms can be considered, and a very large number of gear trains can be constructed. However, it is desirable for a transmission device used in an automatic transmission for an automobile having four forward speeds and one reverse speed, including a speed increasing ratio drive speed, to satisfy the following conditions. {1' The output shaft must always be connected to the same member of the gear train, regardless of changes in the power train.

■ The rotational speed of each element of the planetary gear mechanism should not become abnormally high in order to reduce the circumferential speed of the bearings, connectors, and braking parts of the brake, and to avoid harmful effects caused by centrifugal force.

{3} Due to problems with the strength of the gears in the planetary gear mechanism, the load or tangential force applied to the teeth should not be abnormally large.

(4) The number of teeth of the gears constituting the planetary gear mechanism must satisfy the meshing conditions, and the number of teeth of the gears whose diameter becomes smaller (sun gear, planet child gear) must be greater than or equal to the required number of teeth.'5} Planetary To easily make a connection relationship as short as possible when meshing a gear mechanism, and to easily arrange a connecting device or a brake in practical use.

(6) Gear changes performed while the wheels are running are performed by switching the power train by switching the friction means of the connecting gear and brake, but only one friction means is switched in order to minimize the shock at the time of switching. What you can do.

{7) It can be completed by including a speed increasing ratio drive gear in the forward gear and repeatedly using the friction means installed to obtain other gears without adding any special friction means. Also, the reduction ratio can be obtained within the range of 0.6 to 0.8.

The present invention takes into account the above-mentioned conditions and uses three sets of planetary gear mechanisms, two connectors, and three brakes to achieve four forward speeds and one reverse speed, including a speed increase ratio drive gear. The present invention provides a transmission having gear stages.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In FIGS. 1 and 2, the transmission according to the present invention includes an input shaft 1 connected to a fluid coupling of an automobile or the like or a motion shaft of a fluid transmission, a propulsion shaft connected to a drive wheel of a wheel, or A planetary gear mechanism 10 consisting of two and three sets of output shafts connected to the gears of the final reduction gear.
・Arrange 20 and 30 concentrically, and further connect two connecting machines C,
, C2 and three brakes B, &, &.

The three planetary gear mechanisms 10, 20, and 30' each consist of three elements connected to other parts.

That is, sun gears 11, 21, 31, ring inner rear gear 12,
22 and 32, and support members 14, 24, and 34 that rotatably support planetary child gears 13, 23, and 33 that connect the internal gear and the sun gear in a meshing relationship. If the rotation of one of these three elements is constrained, the rotation of the other two
Since it is generally known that the two can rotate in a predetermined relationship, the explanation will be omitted. Next, a description will be given of the connection and arrangement of the five-degree-of-freedom gear train formed by combining three sets of planetary gear mechanisms, the connector, and the brake.

In FIG. 1, a sun gear 11 of a first planetary gear mechanism 10
and the internal gear 22 of the second planetary gear mechanism 20 are connected to each other and constitute the first node 3 of the gear train, usually in the form of an intermediate shaft, and between the input shaft 1 and is provided in the first connecting device.

The sun gear 21 of the second planetary gear mechanism 20 and the internal gear 32 of the third planetary gear mechanism 30 are connected to each other and constitute the second node 4 of the gear train, and are connected to the input shaft 1. 2 is disposed on the second connecting machine. The sun gear 31 of the third planetary gear mechanism 30 constitutes the third node 5 of the gear train. The internal gear 12 of the first planetary gear mechanism 10 constitutes the fourth node 6 of the gear train. This fourth clause 6 and the above second and third clauses
First to third brakes B to B3 are disposed between the node 4.5 and the transmission body shell 9, which is a fixed member.
The support arm members 14, 24, and 34 of the first, second, and third planetary gear mechanisms 10, 20, and 30 are connected to each other,
It constitutes the fifth node 7 of the gear train and is connected to the output shaft 2. On the other hand, the first and second connecting devices C. - C2 detachably connects the input shaft 1 and the first node 3 or the input shaft 1 and the second node 4 by a hydraulic actuator (not shown). Also, the first
to third brake B, or hydraulically actuated device (not shown)
to restrain the required planetary gear mechanism elements. Connectors for each gear of the transmission with the above configuration, including 4 forward speeds and 1 reverse speed. - The operations of C2 and brakes B to B3 are summarized as shown in Table 1.

Table 1 In Table 1, a 0 mark indicates a state in which the connector or brake is working, and a mark 0 indicates a state in which it is not working.

Next, to give an example of the specific numerical values of each gear stage of this transmission, the number of teeth of each gear of each planetary gear mechanism is Z, and the symbol used for that gear is appended. Each gear ratio of the first to third planetary gear mechanisms is p
, to p3, then p. =Turtle=o-4516.

2: force=o-4516 p3=walk o-4516 Therefore, the reduction ratio i at each gear stage is as follows.

1st speed reduction ratio i, = 111/p, = 3.214 2nd speed reduction ratio i2 = 10p, = 1.452 3rd speed reduction ratio; 3 = 1.000 4th speed Reduction ratio i4=1-p2・p3=0.796 Reduction ratio for reverse movement, R=-{(1/p,.p2)-1}=-3.903 Figure 2 shows another example of the present invention. The sun gear 21 of the second planetary gear mechanism 20 and the third planetary gear mechanism 30
The internal gear 32 of the third planetary gear mechanism 30 and both support arm members 14 of the second planetary gear mechanism 1l0 and 20 are connected to each other to form the second node 4 of the gear train. The only difference from FIG. 1 is that the gears 24 and 24 are connected to form the fifth and seventh gears of the gear train, and everything else is the same as in FIG. 1, so a description thereof will be omitted.

Next, the connecting device C. at each of the four forward speeds and one reverse speed of the transmission having such a configuration.・Comparison with C2 The operations of brakes B, to & are summarized in Table 2. Table 2 In Table 2, a 0 mark indicates that the connector or brake is working, and no mark indicates that it is not working.

Here, to give an example of the specific numerical values of each gear of the transmission shown in FIG. If the gear ratios of the first to third planetary gear mechanisms are p, to p3, then each gear ratio of the planetary gear mechanism is p. = elephant = o
・419 p2 = filial piety = o-452 p3 = elephant = o-452, and the reduction ratio i at each gear stage is as follows.

1st gear reduction ratio i, = 111/p, = 3.384 2nd gear reduction ratio i3 = 10 p2 = 1.452 3rd gear reduction ratio 13 = 1.000 4th gear reduction Ratio i4=1/(10p3)=0.689 Reverse reduction ratio IR=-{(1/p,.p2)-1}=-4.280 Furthermore, each node of the gear train at each gear stage and The rotation speed ratio of the elements of the planetary gear mechanism to the input shaft rotation speed and the tangential force acting on each gear of the planetary gear mechanism at each gear stage are easily calculated since the gear ratios p, ~p3 mentioned above are given. It is omitted here.

As is clear from the above explanation of the structure and operation, the present invention achieves the initial objectives and is capable of producing a transmission having four forward speeds and one reverse speed, including a practical speed increasing ratio drive speed. It is something that can provide.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a skeletal diagram showing one example of a gear train of a transmission according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a skeletal diagram showing another example of a gear train of a transmission according to the present invention. 1: input shaft, 2: output shaft, 3 to 7: first to fifth nodes of gear train, 10, 20, 30: first, second, third planetary gear mechanism, 11, 21, 31: Sun gear, 12.22.
32: Ring-shaped internal gear, 14, 24, 34: Support arm member, C. - C2: first and second connecting devices, B.・&B3
:Brake, 9:Body shell. Figure 1 Figure 2

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 each comprising a support arm member that rotatably supports an input shaft, an output shaft, a sun gear, an annular internal gear, and a planetary child gear that continues the meshing interlocking relationship between the internal gear and the sun gear.
It has a five-degree-of-freedom gear train consisting of a combination of two planetary gear mechanisms, two connectors, and three brakes. The contact gears are connected to each other to constitute the first node of the gear train, and are connected to the input shaft via the first connector, and the internal gear of the third planetary gear mechanism and the support arm member are connected to each other. The sun gear of the first planetary gear mechanism and the second planetary gear mechanism are connected to each other to form the second node of the gear train, and are connected to the input shaft via the second connector, and the sun gear of the third planetary gear mechanism The internal gear of the first planetary gear mechanism constitutes a third node of the gear train, and the internal gear of the third planetary gear mechanism and the support arm member constitute a third node of the gear train. The other one of them and both support arm members of the first and second planetary gear mechanisms are connected to each other to constitute the fifth node of the gear train, and are connected to the output shaft, and the second, third, and fourth A transmission device characterized in that a brake is provided between each joint and a body shell which is a fixed member.