JPS60223593A - Coding and transmitting system for mud pulse remote communication of tool surface angle data - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] The present invention relates to the remote communication of information regarding the attitude of a drilling bit using a gap-to-valve measurement method, and in particular, the present invention relates to the remote communication of information regarding the attitude of a drilling bit using a distance measurement method, and in particular, the method of encoding and transmitting tool face angle data using a pulse position modulation mat pulse remote communication method. The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for transmitting.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In the case of drilling a perforation into a formation in the ground, it is highly desirable to have information regarding the location and orientation of the perforation between the drilling lines. If it were possible to provide the drilling operator with information regarding the inclination and azimuth of the hole and the orientation of the drilling bit within the hole, corrective actions and modulations could be made within the drilling process. Additionally, a method that provides current information regarding the shape of the hole and the location of the drilling tool can make drilling operations significantly more efficient. This information eliminates the need to stop the drilling process, remove the drill string from the hole, and take measurements to confirm the direction and angle of the hole.

There are two methods for measuring tool surface posture. The first method uses a set of three orthogonally mounted accelerometers to measure the acceleration of gravity with each of the three sensors mounted to the drilling tool at right angles to each other.

A second method provides similar data with three mutually orthogonally mounted magnetometers to measure the orientation of the borehole tool with respect to the Earth's magnetic north. These known techniques have relatively high accuracy no matter where the tool face pose is. For example, if the borehole is near perpendicular to the Earth's axis, accelerometer measurements will be inaccurate and non-magnetic meters will be inaccurate and accelerometer data will be used. At all poses between them, the accelerometer and magnetometer information are closely correlated so that one calibrates the other.

It is desirable to provide a periodic indication of the precise angular attitude of the drilling tool at the end of the drill string ring while forming a hole in a drill-to-valve measurement tool surface attitude monitoring system referred to as maneuver mode. This requires a way to remotely communicate data from the measurement location at the lower end of the trill string up the borehole to the surface available to the drillers. The most effective method uses pressure pulses acting on a drilling mud drain flowing down a central opening in the drill string, encoding and conveying information from the measurement location to the drilling collaborators at the surface. In various mat pulse telecommunication systems, there are several techniques for encoding and conveying information within the pressure pulses acting on the flowing fluid stream. One system applies a pressure pulse to each bit of information encoded into the fluid stream.

However, to create a pressure pulse at the bottom of the hole in the mat channel, the annulus of the perforation is temporarily closed and opened to induce a pressure change in the flow. Both techniques for inducing pressure pulses require large amounts of energy to actuate the valves and induce pressure changes in the high pressure flow. The power consumption and power requirements of the device are significant because it is thousands of feet below ground, in extremely poor environmental conditions, and pressure temperature oscillations are significant.

Therefore, it is desirable to minimize the power consumption required to operate the matte pulse valve.

Pulse position modulation creates periodic pressure pulses within the mud stream, with the time between pulses indicating the data to be transmitted. For example, if a modulation plan allocates a time of 10 milliseconds to a unit of numerical value, the numerical value indicated by each pulse time will be formed as the sum of 10 milliseconds between pulses.

, One of the parameters for evaluating the posture of a bent sub is the tool face angle for performing directional drilling work.

This measurement is the angle of the surface formed by the curved sub with respect to the vertical plane, and is the torsion angle. Generally, the tool face angle is two X's attached to the bending sub.

The y-sensor is measured by an accelerometer or a magnetometer, and each sensor generates a voltage value whose ratio is proportional to the tool face angle. However, like all sensors, the voltage value changes as a function of temperature and can be used as a direct indication of tool face angle after being modified according to a certain bias voltage and a certain scale factor. In known methods, this involves sending two values separately to the surface, the X sensor voltage value and the get value This requires two separate data words, each one of the two voltage values, which are sent separately to the surface. This increases the amount of data that the matpulse telecommunications valve must process and increases the power consumption to operate the valve.

Furthermore, known data processing techniques synchronize the data words transmitted to the surface with synchronization pulses, which are separate from the data frame, contain no other information, and are essentially time dead.

This also requires the matpulse telecommunications valve to transmit an increased amount of data bits, increasing the power consumption to accomplish this transmission.

The above-described steering motes have problems associated with the operation of the mat pulse telecommunications system in order to continuously display the position of the tool in the borehole to drilling cooperators.

For example, every 30 ft (approximately 10 m), the drill string briefly stops drilling, shuts off the surface mud pump to interrupt mud flow, and adds another 30 ft of drill valve pipe to the drill string. During the process of adding tubes to the drill string, the drill tube must be twisted, exerting torque on the string, which is an inevitable part of extending the drill string. Once the tube has been added to the drill string, the orientation of the drilling tool is not the same in terms of tool face angle before the drilling interruption and after the addition of the tube to the drill string. That is, the co-workers need to change the posture of the drilling tool so that the tool face angle remains the same as before the drilling work was interrupted, and the drilling is interrupted in the desired direction. During the drilling tool orientation change process, it is desirable to have a significantly higher rate of data flow from the tool face angle sensor in the drilling tool than during normal drilling operations. The high rate of data flow allows the drilling operator to quickly reposition the tool, thereby allowing the drilling operation to be performed with minimal downtime of the tool.

Known drilling information telecommunications systems include variable speed devices for transmitting data, but only of the type that responds to signals from drilling collaborators on the surface. An example of this is if the perforation becomes so deep that the telecommunications data becomes illegible. For example, US Pat. No. 3,863,203 shows an adjustable transmission rate acoustic telecommunications system for intervalve measurement mode. A communication channel from the surface to the bottom of the hole is used to transmit acoustic signals and control the data rate on the ground.

PROBLEM SOLVED BY THE INVENTION The system of the present invention uses a pulse position modulation technique to encode data into a stream of mats, reducing the number of mat pulses required to remotely communicate a given amount of data. do.

The technique used in the method and apparatus according to the invention is X.

A ratio between the y voltage values is formed at the bottom of the hole and the ratio value is remotely communicated to the surface and corrected for bias and scale factors at the surface.

The data type used by the inventive scheme eliminates dead time between frames and reduces the power requirements for remote data transmission.

The data format according to the invention further reduces power consumption as a coding format transmitting two words per data frame with one pulse position indication per frame.

The scheme of the present invention automatically switches the rate of data flow to a higher value as required for rapid updates of tool face angle data, and further has an indication of the rate of data transmission within the encoded cheetah format. Additionally, the present scheme provides variable speed transmission of tool face angles in the intervalve measurement scheme within the tool face data encoding format, maximizing the efficiency of the mat pulse position telecommunications scheme.

According to the present invention, there is provided a method and apparatus for remotely communicating data indicating the tool face angle of a drilling tool with respect to the ground in a drilling hole using a gap-to-hole measurement method. is measured at time intervals at a first frequency and responsive to each measurement generates a data signal indicative of the measurement tool face angle.

Responsive to each generated data signal, a pressure pulse signal is generated to the matpulse remote communication device to transmit a pressure pulse modulated representation of the measurement tool face angle. The present invention measures the pressure of the downwardly flowing mud stream at the bottom of the hole and measures the tool face angle in response to measuring a sequence of cessation and regeneration of mud pressure that indicates the addition of a section of valve pipe to the drill string. The spacing is changed from a first frequency to a second higher frequency to provide a rapid update of the tool face angle for reorientation of the drilling tool.

The apparatus for remotely communicating data indicating the tool surface angle of a drilling tool in a drilling hole with respect to the ground according to the present invention by a distance measurement method includes first and second voltages indicating the attitude of the drilling tool in two orthogonal planes. It has two sensors that generate . According to the invention, a device is provided for generating a frame of binary data comprising first and second binary words, the first word being (
a) the sign of the first voltage, (b) the sign of the second voltage, and (c
) the sensor set has at least one pit position indicating which of the first and second voltages is greater and the accelerometer is a magnetometer, and the second word is the absolute value of the ratio of the first and second voltages; value 0
an apparatus for converting respective values of first and second binary words into equivalent first and second time values of iMi, having a plurality of bit positions with values between and 1;

a device for generating a series of three pressure pulses in the mud stream flowing below the upwelling flow, the time between the first and second pulses being equal to the first time value; The time between pulses is equal to the second time value, and the attachment to the ground surface is the second time value.
an apparatus for regenerating a first binary data word in response to the time between the second pulses and a function of the components of the first and second data words and previously measured values of the perforation inclination and azimuth and temperature; and a device for calculating a tool face angle in response to a bias and a scale factor.

The mat pulse remote communication device for transmitting data indicative of tool face angle from a drilling tool in a borehole to the surface according to the present invention includes two orthogonal Xr'/sensors each generating a voltage indicative of the attitude of the drilling tool and a pulse position modulator. use. According to the present invention, the tool surface data type for each angular measurement is a binary data frame containing a set of binary words, the first word containing (a) the sign of the X voltage, (b)
The sign of the X voltage (c) includes an indication of which of the two voltages is greater, and the second word includes an indication of the absolute value between O and 1 of the ratio of the X voltage.

The method according to the invention automatically increases the tool face angle measurement frequency when adding tube to the drill string and reorients the tool to suit the task. 'The present invention transmits fewer parameters to the ground in a data type than known devices, allows the actual tool face angle to be calculated on the ground, and the signal is simplified and power consumption is reduced.

EXAMPLE A well drilling rig 11 shown in FIG. 1 is installed over a borehole 12. Encoding and transmitting device 1 for tool surface data according to an embodiment of the present invention
0 is supported on a sub 14 forming part of the trill collar 15 within the borehole 12. The trill bit 22 is attached to the lower end of the drill string 18 and attached to the lower end of a bent sub 21 fixed to the lower end of the drill collar 15. drill bit 2
2 drills a borehole 12 from a stratum 24 and drills a drill mud 26.
is pumped from the well head 28. Metal surface casing 2
9 is located at the top of the borehole 12 to maintain the integrity of the borehole 12 near the ground. The annulus 16 between the drill string 18 and the borehole wall forms a theoretically closed mat return path. Mud is pumped from the well head 28 by a pump device 30.

It passes through a supply pipe 31 connected to the drill string 18. Thus, the mud is pumped down the solid axial passageway of the drill string 18 and discharged at the location of the trill bit 22, transporting dirt, rock, and related debris from the drill bit to the ground and matting within the trill bit 22. A force is generated to rotate the turbine, which rotates the cutting surface of the bit and excavates into the stratum.

A mud flow valve (not shown) incorporated into the drill string 18 within a portion of the drill collar 15 provides disturbances to the pressure of the mat being pumped through the solid axial opening of the drill string 18 by the mud pump 30. Use this mud flow valve to encode pressure pulses into the mud flow,
'Modulate the pressure of the flow. In this way, information is transmitted from the area near the drill bit to the ground surface near the well head 28, allowing the drilling operator to obtain and use the information.

As shown in FIG. 1, the borehole 12 formed in the ground by the drilling rig 11 is not perfectly vertical.

That is, the lower end of the drill hole is at an angle between the drill axis 25 and the vertical plane 26. This angle 27 is referred to as the inclination of the drill hole.

FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the drilling rig 11 and the borehole 12 of FIG. 1 and shows the second parameter for the angled borehole. The angle between the drilling axis 111A28' and the magnetic north 29' is referred to as the azimuth angle 31' of the drilling.

FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the lower end of the trill string 18;
A device for sensing the orientation of the hole in the series of drill collars 15, a device for processing and encoding data regarding the parameters of the hole, and a mat pulse remote communication device, such as a mud flow valve and an actuator for remotely communicating information from the bottom of the hole. and sent to the well head for use by drilling workers. Attach a bent sub 21 to the lower end of the drill string as shown in Figure 3, and attach the drill bit 22 to the end of the line.
Install. As shown, the solid axes 30' of both segments of the bend sub 21 lie in a common plane.

This plane of the curved sub is usually not parallel to the vertical plane, but at an angle to it, indicating a twist of the curved sub with respect to the vertical. This is shown in FIG. 3 as line 32, representing a line in the vertical plane, and line 33 representing a line in the plane of the axis 30' of both sections of the curved sub. The angle 34 formed by both lines indicates the twist of the bend sub and is referred to as the tool face angle. Another term used regarding the characteristics of a drilling tool is referred to as the high side angle of the tool. This is the point on the top or high side of the drill bit and indicates the angle between this point and a point along the plane defined by the bend axes 30' of both segments of the bend sub.

This high side or tool face angle is of great importance to the driller and, together with the azimuth and inclination indications, indicates in which direction the tool is facing and in which direction the hole is being formed in the ground.

In order for the gap-to-hole measuring method to be effective, it is extremely important that this information is periodically and regularly communicated to the drill collaborators so that they can make changes and direct the tool in the required direction. The direction can be corrected.

The present scheme provides algorithms and techniques for calculating both magnetic and high side tool surface values, and also provides a method for encoding magnetometer acceleration 81 data in a compact and useful form for transmission to the surface of the tool. Provide a display of the screen to co-workers.

The tool face angle is usually determined by the relative values of the output voltages of the X and Y axes of an accelerometer or magnetic force 31 sensor within the borehole.

The relationship between the sensor output voltage V and the physical value measured by the sensor is expressed by the following equation.

V=mS+b where b is the temperature-related bias voltage m is the temperature-related scaling factor ' For accelerometer data, the monovalent V is in volts and the 8th term relates to the acceleration of gravity. For magnetometer data, the valence V is in volts and the 8th term relates to magnetic flux.

In current techniques, the steps to calculate the tool surface are as follows:

1. Determine the relative values of Vx and Vy and form the ratio α.

Since only the absolute value of α is transmitted to the surface, Vx+vy
requires another method of storing the code.

Since 2 and 8 are functions of the tool surface on the higher side, S(φ)
The function f can be determined from the functional form as follows.

Knowing all variables except φ, we can solve for φ using an iterative method. This procedure is relatively linear, starting with φ
By inserting the assumed value of and calculating various values, an accurate φ can be obtained and f(φ)=0.

Using this technique, the tool face angle value is obtained from the ratio of both voltages, and there is no need to send all values of the X and Y sensor voltages separately to the surface.

In other words, if you send the value of the ratio of both voltages, the sign of the X voltage and the sign of the Y voltage, information on which of the two voltages is larger, and information on whether it was obtained by the accelerometer or magnetometer, the bias can be determined. Modification of the coefficient scale counts can be done at the surface by an iterative method. This data encoding type saves a large amount of data processing power and reduces power consumption for transmitting tool surface data from within the borehole to the surface.

FIG. 4 shows a data encoding format according to the invention.

The data frame is within bracket 41 and represents one space between matte pulses in a matte pulse telecommunications scheme. Within a single frame of data 41, there are two types of data 42, 43. Each word assigns a pit location 44,45 to information regarding the rate at which data is remotely communicated to the surface. The next location of each word 46 is assigned to a synchronization pulse. The II O11 pulse is assigned to the first word in the frame, and the II O11 pulse is assigned to the second word in the frame, so that if a word falls between steps, the next If a pulse is recognized at the synchronized pulse position, it indicates the opening of a word. This eliminates the need for spacing between pulse frames, saving data processing power. The next pulse position 47 after the first word is Indicates the sign of X.

The next pulse position of first word 48 indicates the sign of y.

The sixth pulse position 49 of the first word indicates which of the two values Xr'j is larger, and the first pulse position 51 indicates whether this value was obtained from the magnetometer or the accelerometer. This indicates which sensor bias and scale factors were transmitted to the surface.

The eighth bit position 52 of the first word contains the fifth bit of the absolute value of the ratio of the x,y voltage values. Similarly, X is placed in the 4th to 8th bit positions of the second word.

4 to 0 bits of the absolute value of y, respectively.

From the foregoing, it is clear that the data encoding type for tool surface data of the present invention maximizes the amount of information that can be accommodated within a single frame of data transmitted to the surface by a single pulse position modulation unit. This significantly saves the power required to transmit all readings of tool face values to the surface.

FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of a tool surface data encoding and transmission scheme according to the matpulse telecommunication system according to the present invention. As shown in the block diagram of FIG.
1 sends pulse position modulated tool surface data to the surface. Each block below the mat transmission line 61 represents equipment at the bottom of the hole, and each block above the mud transmission line represents equipment and processing on the ground. First, two accelerometers or magnetometers 61 and 62 are used to obtain values for the attitude of the drilling tool. X sensor 61 produces a voltage value relating to the X component of the Earth's gravitational field, and X sensor 62 produces a voltage value relating to the X component of the Earth's gravitational field relative to position at the sensor relative to the Earth. X
The output voltage 63 and y-output voltage 64 of the accelerometer are shown. Both mold pressures become inputs to processor 65, which evaluates several parameters.

Processor 65 first evaluates the absolute value of the ratio of the values of one output voltage to the other. The absolute value is always positive, greater than 0 and less than 1. Furthermore, the calculation unit 65 calculates the sign of each component of the voltage values Vx and Vy, which of the voltages Vx and Vy is larger, that is, which of the two voltage values is the numerator and which is the denominator, and is a number between O and 1. determine what will happen. Finally, unit 65 determines whether the voltage V is from the accelerometer or the magnetometer. The data defined by the calculation unit 65 is input to a binary frame assembly unit 66, which assembles a binary data frame from the information. That is, this unit 66 has two 8-bit words and corresponds to the data type described in connection with FIG. In addition to inputs from calculation unit 65, binary data frame assembly unit 66 receives synchronization pulse source 6.
7 and a transmission speed selector unit 68 . Unit 68 has a bit generator to indicate the unit 68's selected transmission rate. The transmit speed selector is activated in response to the mud pressure sensor 69.

The sensor 69 is mounted within the sub 15 along with a computational encoding device.

The binary data frame assembly unit 66 includes an 81 arithmetic unit 65, a synchronous pulse generator 67, and a transmission speed selector pin 1.
- When the generator 68 has assembled information according to the data type shown in FIG.
Convert to time values.

This conversion is performed depending on the particular pulse position modulation scheme used within the matte pulse telecommunications scheme used by unit 70. That is, the first time value is the first data word 71
, the second time value is the data word 72 of FIG.
correspond to Once both values are determined, the mat flow control valve forming part of the pulse position modulated mat pulser 73 produces a series of three pulses on the mat transmission line 61. The space between the first and second pulses indicates the value of the first data word, and the space between the second and third pulses indicates the second data word 1. Thus, a large amount of data representing the tool surface can be encoded in the type described above, requiring only the energy expenditure necessary to produce a series of three mat pressure pulses. The model of the present invention is significantly simpler than known techniques of encoding many pulses into the mud stream to convey all the bits of information, determining sensor voltage values and calculating tool face angles at the ground surface. be.

The pulses sent by the mat transmitter [61 are demodulated at the surface by a pulse position demodulation unit 75 and input to a unit 76 for conversion into binary word values of the assembled data frame of the bottomhole units 1-66. Binary word value reconstruction unit 76 sends output to autopsy unit 77 for iterative calculations to correct tool face values for bias and scale parameters. This is done by using an iterative technique to obtain data on the ratio of sensor voltage values, the sign of each voltage,
This is done using known techniques using information on which voltage is greater and data on whether the sensor is a magnetometer or an accelerometer.

The iterative calculations in unit 77 are of course performed with reference to the previous tilt orientation, temperature change bias, and scale factor values stored in memory unit 78 and sent to iterative calculation unit 77. Finally, the output of the calculation unit becomes the tool surface value and is supplied to the operator. The operator corrects the bias and scale factors.

It requires minimal power consumption to remotely communicate information to the ground.

As mentioned above, immediately after adding the drilled valve pipe to the drill string, it is necessary to update the tool face values at a high frequency. To add a section of pierced valve pipe, stop the pump on the ground and at the bottom of the hole to reduce the pressure of the flow.

As previously discussed, mud pressure sensor 69 detects cessation of matte flow pressure and also detects system repressurization caused by the addition of a section of drill string and the restart of the mud pump upon restarting the well.

The equipment repressurization signal detected by the mud pressure sensor 69 becomes the transmit speed selector signal, indicating that a higher rate of tool face data is required by the ground operator and the drilling tool needs to be reoriented in a minimum amount of time.

The speed of sampling the voltage value and the speed of sole surface calculation performed by the calculation unit 1 65 are increased to a predetermined value, for example, increased by four times, and the tool surface display is displayed at 20 second intervals during normal operation. In this case, the tool surface value is recalculated and sent every 5 seconds. This continues long enough for the collaborators to redirect the tool. After the time has elapsed, drilling work for all scales will begin. The transmit speed selector returns to standard speed to sample and transmit information to the ground. For short periods of time at increased speeds, power is increased to operate the mud position modulating mat pulser 78 to provide the additional information most acutely needed. When the transmit speed selector 68° is actuated in response to the mud pressure sensor, the coded bit representation in positions 44 and 45 of the data frame format of FIG. Indicates the speed at which

Review: As shown above, the method of encoding and transmitting tool surface data type using the mat position modulation mat pulse remote communication method according to the present invention is extremely efficient, and the utilization of bottom hole power is maximized. , transmitting the maximum amount of information to the surface with the minimum power consumption.

The operation and construction of the present invention will be apparent from the foregoing description. Although the method and apparatus of the invention described above are preferred embodiments, many modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a side view of a drilling device to illustrate the mode of operation combining the matte pulse telecommunications system with data processing and encoding format according to the invention; FIG. 2 shows the orientation of an inclined hole during drilling operations; FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a curved sub-drilling tool, a tool surface angle, and a sub-accommodating a data encoding communication system of the present invention mat pulse remote communication tool;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a matte pulse telecommunication tool surface data encoding format to be transmitted using the pulse position modulation method of the present invention;
The figure is a block diagram of a tool-plane data encoding and transmission scheme according to the present invention. 10. Tool surface data encoding transmitter, 11. Drilling rig, 12. Drilling, 14. 21. Sub, I5. Drill collar, 18. Drill string, 22. Trill bit, 2
6.Matt, 28.Well head, 3o.Mud pump, 41.Data frame, 42.43 Data word, 44.45.Bit position. Agent: Patent attorney Masahiro Matsui (1 other person)

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A method for remotely communicating data indicating the tool surface angle of a drilling tool with respect to the ground in a drilling hole using a distance measurement method, the method comprising: measuring at intervals, generating a data signal indicative of the tool face angle in response to each measurement, and generating a pressure pulse signal to a mat pulse remote communication device in response to each generated data signal to generate a pressure pulse of the measured tool face angle. Sends a modulated indication and measures the pressure of the downwardly flowing matte flow at the hole bottom location, indicating the addition of a section of valve pipe to the trill string at the tool face in response to the measurement of a sequence of cessation and regeneration of matte pressure. The tool face angle of a drilling tool is characterized in that the angle measurement interval is changed from the first frequency to a second higher frequency to rapidly update the tool face angle for changing the direction of the drilling tool. A method of remotely communicating data shown. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said data signal generation step includes a step of generating a component of the data signal indicating the frequency of said measurement interval. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second frequency is four times the first frequency. 4. The pressure pulse position 8 is included in the pressure pulse signal generation process.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, including the step of modulating a series of mud pressure pulses in response to a stroke. 5. The measuring step includes a step of generating a first voltage indicating the position of the X-axis sensor attached to the drilling tool, and generating a second voltage indicating the position of the X-axis sensor attached to the drilling tool. The data signal generation process includes assembling a frame of double data including two binary words, the first word being the frequency of the tool face angle measurement, the sign of the second voltage, and which voltage is The second word includes an indication of the absolute value of the ratio of the first to second voltages between O and 1. The method described in section. 6. The mat pulse remote communication device is of a pulse position modulation type, and the pressure pulse signal generation process includes a process of generating three mud pressure pulses, and the time interval between the first and second pulses is a frame of binary data. Claim 5 wherein the time interval between the second and third pulses represents the value of the second binary word of the frame of binary data. The method described in section. 7. A device for remotely communicating data indicating the tool surface angle of a drilling tool with respect to the ground in a drilling hole using a drilling gap measurement method, the first and second voltages indicating the attitude of the drilling tool in two orthogonal planes. and a device for generating a frame of binary data including a first and second binary word, the first word having the sign of (a) the first voltage and (b ) 2nd
and (c) at least one bit position indicating which of the first and second voltages is greater and whether the sensor set is an accelerometer or a magnetometer; a plurality of bit positions indicating the absolute side of the ratio of the second voltage with a value between O and 1; and a device for generating a series of three pressure pulses in the downwardly flowing matte stream, the time between the first and second pulses converting into a first time value. the time between the second and third pulses being equal to the second time value; 2 a device for regenerating a second binary data word in response to the time between the third pulses; and a device for calculating a tool face angle in response to a bias and a scale factor as a function of a bias and a scale factor. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein each of said first and second binary words has a bit position for a periodic pulse, and the periodic pulse bits of each word are of opposite polarity. 9. Apparatus according to claim 7, comprising a device for varying the frequency by which a frame of binary data is generated from the first and second voltages. 10. The frequency changing device changes the pressure from the first to the second pressure in response to the sequence indicated by adding a valve pipe to the drill string that causes a large drop in the pressure of the downwardly flowing mud stream and a re-increase in pressure. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the frequency of generation of frames of binary data is set to 0. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein said first and second data words include at least one bit position indicating the frequency at which the frame of binary data occurs. 12. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the calculation apparatus calculates the tool face angle by an iterative technique. 13. Two orthogonal
+ y-sensor and pulse position modulation, with a binary data frame containing a set of binary words as the tool surface data type for each angular measurement;
The word contains (a) the sign of the X voltage, (b) the sign of the X voltage, and (c) an indication of which of the two voltages is larger, and the second word contains the A mantle pulse remote communication device for transmitting data indicative of a tool face angle of a drilling tool, comprising an absolute value display between. 14. Claim 13, wherein both first and second binary words comprising said binary data frame include synchronization pulses.
Apparatus described in section. 15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein both first and second binary words comprising said binary data frame include an indication of the frequency at which tool face angle measurements and remote communications to the surface are made. 16. A device that remotely communicates data indicating the tool face angle of a drilling tool in a borehole to the ground surface using a gap-to-hole measurement method, which measures the data at time intervals using the orthogonal display of the orientation of the drilling tool as a first frequency. a device for generating a data signal indicative of a tool face angle in response to each measurement, and a mat pulse telecommunications device for transmitting a pressure pulse modulated representation of the measured tool face angle in response to each generated data signal. a device for generating a pressure pulse signal and a device for measuring the pressure of the downwardly flowing mud stream at the bottom of the hole and a tool in response to measuring the sequence of mud pressure drop and rise indicating the addition of a drill string drill valve tube; The time interval of surface angle measurement is
a device for changing the frequency from the frequency to a second higher frequency,
A device for remotely communicating data indicating a tool face angle of a drilling tool, characterized in that the tool face angle is rapidly updated for correction of the direction of the drilling tool. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein said data signal generating device includes a device for generating a component of a data signal indicative of the frequency of said time interval of measurement. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the second frequency is four times the first frequency. 19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein said pressure pulse signal generator includes means for modulating a series of mud pressure pulses in response to a pressure pulse position scheme. 20. The measuring device includes an X installed in the drilling tool.
a device for generating a first voltage indicative of the position of the axis sensor;
a device for generating a second voltage indicative of the position of an X-axis sensor mounted within the drilling tool; the data signal generating device includes a device for assembling a frame of binary data including a set of binary words; In addition, the first word contains the frequency of the tool surface angle measurement, the sign of the first voltage, the sign of the second voltage, which one has more electricity, and whether the sensor is an accelerometer or a magnetometer. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the second word includes an indication of the ratio of the first to second voltages as an absolute value between O and 1. 21. The mat pulse remote communication device is of a pulse position modulation type, and the pressure pulse generator includes three mud pressure pulse generators, and the time between the first and second pulses is within a frame of binary data. 21. A time interval between a first binary word and a second third pulse indicates a value of a second binary word within a frame of binary data. Device.