JPS6021950B2 - Fertilizer for seaweed cultivation - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] There are about 3 types of seaweed that grow around Japan, and they are generally referred to as seaweed, and the relatively shallow waters of inner bays, where seawater is rich in nutrients, are suitable for cultivation.

The so-called prop method, in which aquaculture nets are stretched around two rows of props, has been used for a long time as a method of cultivating nori.
As a cultivation method in deep places where supports cannot be erected, the so-called floating method has been developed, in which floats, ropes, sinkers, etc. are used to float horizontal cracks on the sea surface. Due to advances in aquaculture technology and a decrease in suitable areas for aquaculture due to land reclamation and seawater pollution, there is a desire to establish aquaculture farms in open seas and offshore areas, which were previously considered unsuitable for aquaculture. In the prop method, the yield of seaweed in open sea and offshore farms is often low due to the lack of nutrients in the seawater. In addition, offshore fish farms have far tidal currents and high water exchange rates, so if you use the floating method, you can get a good yield of products with good color and luster, but as the farms become overcrowded, the supply of nutrients will be reduced. In short supply, the benefits of offshore aquaculture are lost. The growth of nori is influenced by seawater composition, weather, microorganisms in seawater, etc., but from the perspective of seawater composition, near the coast where the pillar system is passed, nitrogen is 0.4 to 0.8 skin and phosphorus is 0.03. ~0.0 plow blood, N/P ratio 6 to 10, while offshore where the floating method is used, nitrogen is 0.2 to 0.4 skin, phosphorus is less than 0.03 wind, N/P
It was found that the phosphorus concentration was often extremely low, especially in places where the growth of seaweed was slower than before or where the growth of seaweed was slowed due to changes in seawater composition. As a result of research on increasing the yield of seaweed in aquaculture farms where the concentration of phosphorus in seawater is low, the present inventor found that seaweed treated with an aqueous solution of organic phosphorus compounds, especially phytic acid, was found to be effective in culture medium with low phosphorus acidity. It was found that the plant grows extremely well over a long period of time.

The present invention is based on this new knowledge, and is a seaweed cultivation fertilizer containing phytic acid as an active ingredient.

Phytic acid, which is the main component of the fertilizer for seaweed cultivation of the present invention, is
It can be easily obtained from phytin (phytic acid metal salt), which is widely found in rice bran, corn, barley bran, soybeans, etc. In the present invention, phytic acid means not only the free acid but also its salts, such as water-soluble salts such as ammonium salts, potassium salts, and sodium salts, and salts such as calcium salts, magnesium salts, and iron salts. Phytic acid has a high chelating ability and is used as a food additive, an anti-discoloration agent for canned goods, a fermentation aid, and medicine, but its use as a fertilizer for seaweed cultivation is unknown.

Phytic acid is gradually hydrolyzed by phytase (a type of phosphatase) that is widely present in the plant kingdom, and becomes inositol and phosphoric acid through lower esters below inositol bentaphosphate ester.

Therefore, since phytic acid stores phosphorus for a long time,
Although it has excellent efficacy connectivity, its effect is slow-acting, so it is preferable to use orthophosphoric acid, which is fast-acting, in combination. Phosphoric acid also includes its salts such as ammonium, potassium, and sodium salts. Furthermore, the fertilizer of the present invention can contain, singly or in combination, inorganic or organic fertilizers used for growing seaweed. Inorganic fertilizers include other phosphates, such as nitrates, sulfates, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, nickel,
Organic fertilizers include copper, zinc, molybdenum, manganese, iron, cobalt, boron, fluorine, iodine, etc. In addition to other organic phosphoric acid derivatives, examples include bran, aminos, nucleic acids, nucleobases, vitamins, hormones, Examples include chelating agents, sugar esters, and hydrolysates of seaweeds described in JP-A-53-149567.

In addition, coating agents such as water-soluble resins and spreading agents such as surfactants can also be added to the fertilizer of the present invention.

The fertilizer of the present invention can be produced in the form of liquid, powder, pellets, pellets, etc. by a conventional method.

The fertilizer of the present invention can be used by being sprayed on aquaculture farms or by being dissolved in water, particularly seawater, and applied to aquaculture nets. As for the application method, aquaculture nets are usually soaked in a diluted solution of fertilizer, but it is particularly advantageous to use silk to which nori has adhered because a film of phytic acid is also formed on the surface of the nori. When the fertilizer of the present invention is used, it is possible to obtain a product that grows smoothly even in seawater with a low phosphorus concentration, has a high protein content, and has a good flavor and color.

It is also said to have a preventive effect against red rot and an exterminating effect against silica, especially Licumophora. Parts in the examples below are parts by weight.

Example 1 Fertilizer 1 was prepared by dissolving 25% of phytic acid in 75% of water.
Obtain 00 anchors.

Example 2 15 parts of phytic acid and 100 parts of orthophosphoric acid were mixed with 750 parts of water.
1 part to obtain 100 parts of fertilizer.

Example 3 25 parts of phytic acid, 10 parts of sodium nitrate, 10 parts of ammonium nitrate, 20 parts of urea, 12 parts of MnC12.4LO,
121.5 parts of ZnC, 200.3 parts of CoC12, 380,360 parts per day, 200.5 parts of Na2Moo4, E
Add 20 parts of DTA・4Na and 1 part of citric acid to 605 parts of water.
．． 7 parts to obtain 1000 parts of fertilizer.

Example 4 15 parts of phytic acid, 50 parts of orthophosphoric acid, 2 parts of sodium nitrate
1 part dipotassium phosphate, 4 parts urea, 10 parts ammonium nitrate, 0 multivitamins (A, B, C, ○, E)
．． 2 parts, 0.2 parts of adenine, 0.02 parts of lecithyl, 0.01 parts of ester phosphate, 0.0 parts of sodium glycerophosphate.
05 parts, 1 part of glucose, 4 parts of fuji sugar, 0.0 parts of fructose.
2 parts, 0 galactose. Moribe, 0.2 parts of lactose, 0.0 parts of mannitrate. Abe, 1 caustic potash, 2. Amino acids of the following composition.
6 parts and 20 parts of chelate liquid were dissolved in 482.11 parts of water to obtain 100 parts of fertilizer.

Amino acid composition: 1 part L-tyrosine, 1 part L-leucine, L
- 0.2 parts of isoleicine, 0.2 parts of arginine hydrochloride. flame department,
0.01 part of methionine and 0.2 part of histidine.

Chelate liquid composition: 10 parts of phytic acid, EDTA/state a6
part, MnC12.4 ratio 03 parts, ZnC121.5 parts, N
a2Moo4・203 copies, NiC12・mother LOI. 5
Part, CoC12/Fine 202 part, MgS04/7th 205
part, CaC122L05 part, KII. Part 5, KFI. 1
38,033 copies on Sunday, 5 copies on KOH, and 152.4 copies on Wednesday.

Example 5 The same ingredients as in Example 4 were used, except that the contents were changed to 15 parts of sodium nitrate and 5 parts of ammonium nitrate. Add 200 parts of liquid fertilizer and add 444 parts of water.
Dissolve in 51 parts to obtain 100 parts of fertilizer.

Seaweed hydrolyzate: 30 parts of seaweed (120 parts of seaweed,
Mix 12 parts of Ginkgo herb, 6 parts of Asakusa no Miyako), 35 parts of hydrochloric acid, and 965 parts of water, hydrolyze with 100 to 10 parts of water, cool, pass through an oven, and adjust the pH with 30% KOH aqueous solution.
Neutralize to 8.0 to 8.5 to obtain 1000 parts of liquid organic fertilizer. Example 6 The ingredients of Example 5, to which 0.01 part of tung sugar fatty acid ester and 0.1 part of a cationic surfactant were added, were added to 4 parts of water.
Dissolve in 44.4 parts to obtain 100 bases of fertilizer.

Example 7 25 parts of phytic acid and 7 dollars of disodium phosphate
100 parts of the fertilizer is obtained by dissolving it in water and porridge.

Example 8 1 part of potassium phytate, 3 parts of ammonium phytate and 15 parts of phytic acid were mixed with 81 parts of water.
Dissolve this to obtain 100 eaves of fertilizer.

Test Example 1 The fertilizer obtained in Example 1 was diluted with seawater, and after soaking indoor-cultured nori in this diluted solution for a certain period of time, the fertilizer adhering to the surface of the nori was washed off with seawater, and then the culture solution was filled. 1.Put it in the conical beaker and culture it for 2 days.
The growth rate was examined by measuring the size of the nori on the 5th and 10th day.

The water of the culture solution was changed once every 3 days, the culture environment temperature and the culture seawater temperature were set at 18℃, and five 20W fluorescent lights were used as a light source.

Five test pieces of nori each having a length of 1 length and a width of 2 were used, and their average values were determined. The seawater used for the culture solution was natural seawater with a low phosphorus concentration, and its analytical values are as follows.

Sterilize this seawater, add 0.1 t/so of NaN03 and 1 ml of Sudo's modified PI solution (EDTA chelate solution of essential metals, see Shuzo Sudo, "Suisan Kyoui", Vol. 7, p. I, 1959).
The analytical values of seawater added to the culture solution at that ratio are as follows. N03 nitrogen 0.083 feet, N02 nitrogen 0.02 melon, NH3 nitrogen 0.105 skin, phosphorus 0.
001 legs, potassium 0.032% and chlorine 17.8%,
Specific gravity 0.024 (1500). The test results are as shown in Table 1, with the moss diluted solution of the present fertilizer of the invention at 60%, no effect can be seen unless it is soaked for a long time, but with the 100-40% moss diluted solution, it is not effective after a short period of time. The effect of Japanese tradition was recognized.

Table 1 Test Example 2 The compounds shown in Table 2 were added to the natural seawater used in Test Example 1 to prepare a culture solution, and the seaweed with a length of 9 ribs, a width of 2 ribs, and an injury level of 3% was grown in Example 1. 20 to 20 pm dilution of the resulting fertilizer
After soaking for 1 minute, the cells were cultured for 10 days.

The degree of injury was measured by the erythrosin straight beam method (staining time: 6 samples). The test results in Table 2 are as shown in Table 3, and when the concentration of nitrogen or essential metals in the culture solution is low, sufficient effects are not seen even if the fertilizer of the present invention is used.

The fertilizer effect also decreases when the phosphorus concentration in the culture solution is high. Table 3 Test Example 3 Fertilizers of Examples 1, 2, and 7 and 25% by weight orthophosphoric acid solution were added to 20M parts of seawater, and 10% of 10% disodium phosphate solution was added to 10M parts of seawater.
The culture solution was diluted by 1 ml, and the nori on the length IQ side and the width 2 side were soaked for 1 minute, and then cultured in the same manner as in Test Example 1, and the size of the nori was measured over time.

The results are shown in Table 4. At the initial stage of culture, the effect of orthophosphoric acid is superior, but as the culture period becomes longer, the effect of phytic acid is superior, and in Example 2 where both were used together, there was no synergistic effect. Admitted.

Further, disodium phosphate alone had a weak effect, but in Example 7 when it was used in combination with phytic acid, a synergistic effect was observed. Table 4 Test Example 4 After soaking willow nori with long ribs and width 2 in a 200-fold diluted solution of the fertilizer obtained in Examples 2 and 4 for 20 minutes, Test Example 1
It was cultured in the same manner.

The results are shown in Table 5, and the nori treated with the fertilizer of the present invention showed better growth compared to the untreated control.
In particular, the nori treated with the fertilizer of Example 4 had a low degree of injury and had full cells. Table 5 Test Example 5 Using the fertilizer in Example 5, culture was carried out in the same machine as Test Example 2, and 1
On day 0, the size of the nori and the degree of injury were examined.

The results are shown in Table 6, and compared to Test Example 2, there were fewer differences between the groups. Table 6 Test Example 6 Used for floating aquaculture, after the second nori plucking, length 4 ratio,
After immersing the aquaculture net with 1 rib in width and 5% damage level of nori evenly adhered to it in the diluted seawater solution of the fertilizer of Example 5, it was used again for floating aquaculture, and after 10 days, the nori was picked out. The size of the nori, the degree of damage, the yield of dried nori, the color and luster, and the evaluation grade at the time of cooking were compared with the untreated control plot.

Five nets were used in the test, and the yield was expressed as the number of dried seaweed sheets per one sheet of silk. The results are shown in Table 7, and they were superior to the control plot in terms of the size of the seaweed, the yield of dried seaweed, the color and gloss, and the grade. Nitrogen 0.1
00 feet, N02 state nitrogen 0.010 feet, N-free nitrogen 0.0 feet
20cm, phosphorus 0.013%, potassium 0.0%, chlorine 17.5%, specific gravity 1.025 (15°C).

Test example 7 The effect of phytic acid on red rot was investigated.

The fertilizer of Example 1 was diluted with seawater, diseased nori were soaked for a predetermined period of time, washed with seawater, and then observed by floating method for one day.
The results are shown in Table 8.
After soaking in ~20M diluted solution for more than 2 minutes, red rot recovered. Also, when viewed under a microscope, it was observed that the red rot bacteria had changed color after soaking. Table 8, 10th and 10th, IH indicates that the disease did not recover but rather worsened;
The more 10s there are, the worse it is.

± means no change.

One is recovered.

Test Example 8 Red rot is contagious, and if you put seawater in a beaker or the like and allow camellia diseased nori leaves to coexist with healthy nori leaves, the healthy ones will become infected.

Therefore, the control effect when treated with the fertilizer of Example 1 was investigated. The fertilizer of Example 1 was diluted to 20% with seawater, three healthy nori were soaked, washed, and cultured for three days as a treated area, and those that were not soaked as an untreated area were placed in one incubator. It was cultivated together with leaves that were infected with red rot.

After culturing for a predetermined period of time, the cells were thoroughly washed, and the organisms in each group 2 were further cultured separately for 2 days, and then the infection rate was examined. The results are shown in Table 9, and the infection rate in the treated plots was low, and phytic acid was found to have a preventive effect. This is thought to be because phytic acid forms a thin film by bonding with proteins on the surface of the seaweed. 9th
Table Test Example 9 A seaweed with lotus algae Licumophora attached was immersed in a solution prepared by diluting the fertilizer obtained in Example 1 with seawater for 20 minutes, washed, and cultured for one day to examine the extent to which Likmophora fell off from the surface of the seaweed. Ta.

The results are shown in Table 1 for the first time. Paragraph 1 Table Dilution rate Extent of shedding 100 days 200 400 10 means partial shedding on day 200 Tests were conducted at three times after the first stripping.

During the budding stage, propped culture was used, and for the rest, both propped and floating culture methods were used. Add aquaculture net to a 20-degree dilution of fertilizer for 1 minute in the case of budding stage, and 2 minutes in other cases.
After soaking for 0 minutes, nori cultivation was performed, and the growth of nori was 10.
The degree of damage and color and luster on the day or 20th day were compared with an untreated control plot. The results are shown in Tables 11 and 12. The elongation rate of the seaweed was expressed as the ratio of the length of the seaweed on the 10th or 20th day with respect to the 0th day. All the test plots to which fertilizer was applied had good results. In particular, when it was carried out after bottle harvesting, the effects of promoting elongation, reducing the degree of injury, and improving color and luster were most remarkable. Also, during the treatment, a large amount of diatoms were removed, and some of the plants were soaked in red rot, which was quickly completely cured. Table 11 Table 12

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A fertilizer for seaweed cultivation containing phytic acid as an active ingredient. 2. The seaweed cultivation fertilizer according to claim 1, which contains organic and/or inorganic fertilizer. 3. The seaweed cultivation fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, which contains a spreading agent. 4. A seaweed cultivation fertilizer characterized by containing orthophosphoric acid together with phytic acid. 5. The seaweed cultivation fertilizer according to claim 4, which contains organic and/or inorganic fertilizer. 6. The fertilizer for seaweed cultivation according to claim 4 or 5, which contains a spreading agent.