JPS60194327A - Apparatus for fabricating blood smeared specimen - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a specimen reduced in individual difference regardless of a hematocrit value, by measuring a time from the beginning of the rotation of a slide glass to the point of time when quantity of reflected light becomes constant. CONSTITUTION:A reflective mirror 3 is attached to the rotary stand 1 of a spinner type smear apparatus at the rotary center thereof and a detection mechanism is attached to the inner lid 7' of this apparatus. The light of a halogen lamp 4 is condensed by a lens 5 and the optical axis thereof is aligned to the mirror. Reflected light is detected by a semiconductor sensor 6. By calculating the optimum rotary time of a spinner from a time wherein the output of the sensor reaches a predetermined value, a smear specimen with constant concn. can be obtained.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Application of the Invention] The present invention relates to a blood smear preparation device, and particularly to a specimen preparation device suitable for smearing blood onto a slide glass using a spinner method.

9 Books of Inventions] There are two methods for smearing blood onto a glass slide: the wedge method and the spinner method.

The spinner method has become popular as a preprocessing device due to the development of automatic blood image classification devices. Wedge specimens with a concentration gradient on the smeared surface and spinner specimens with a uniform smeared surface are suitable for automatic classification. However, even if the rotation time of spinner specimens is constant, there are individual differences in blood, so the thickness of the smeared surface will vary depending on the blood concentration and hematocrit value.

If the rotation time is insufficient, red blood cells will overlap too much, causing problems not only in red blood cell classification but also in white blood cell classification. Furthermore, if the rotation time is not long enough, the central part of the red blood cell may lose its dent and may become further deformed. Destruction of white blood cells (especially neutrophils) becomes noticeable.

Recently, blood is dropped onto a slide glass and the reflected light output V is measured before rotation, as shown in Figure 1.
A method has been proposed in which the rotation is then subtracted from the output voltage Ml which has become a constant voltage, and the rotation is stopped when the voltage becomes equal to a reference value after logarithmic transformation. In this method, since the hematocrit of blood is calculated as 1, an error occurs in the optimal rotation time. The normal range of hematocrit value is about 38-47%, but in an anemic patient sample, 3 (
1 or less is also relatively common. Therefore, there is a possibility that about 201 specimens that have been rotated for longer than the optimal rotation time will appear. Furthermore, the initial value (Vo) varies even for the same sample depending on the state of blood dripping (not being dropped in the center, air bubbles, changes in blood volume, how the blood spreads, etc.), and the rotation time is determined by the output VO before rotation. It is impossible to control.

[Purpose of the invention]

An object of the present invention is to provide a blood smear preparation device that can set an appropriate rotation time for each blood sample even if the hematocrit value is unknown.

[Summary of the Invention] The present invention includes a reflecting mirror arranged at the center of rotation of a rotary table on which a slide glass can be placed, a light source that irradiates light toward a blood layer on the slide glass, and a light source that emits light from the blood layer. A detector that receives reflected light or transmitted light, a device that rotationally drives the turntable, and a device that controls the operation of the drive device are provided, so that the output based on the amount of reflected light or transmitted light is constant from the start of rotation of the slide glass. The present invention is characterized in that a predetermined output level is set in a region where the output up to a certain point changes linearly, and the time required to reach this predetermined output level is measured and displayed.

[Embodiments of the invention]

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the optimal rotation time T is determined by the relationship between the optimal rotation time T, which is related to the blood hematocrit value, and the time tl when the output voltage reaches a certain level, T=αxt1, and the hematocrit value is determined by A smear with a constant density can be prepared without being affected. Here, light is applied to a slide glass on a rotating table with a reflective material in the center, and the time required for the output of reflected light amount to reach a certain level during rotation is 1. It takes advantage of the fact that the optimum rotation time T is influenced by the hematocrit value of blood.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an outline of an embodiment of the present invention. The smear device has a main body 20 and a lid 7.
0 has a rotating body and its driving motor built in, and the lid 7 has a light source and a detector built in. The signal from the detector is
Digital computer 22 equipped with an arithmetic unit, memory, etc.
The results are reflected on the drive motor of the main body 20, the display section 24, etc. Instructions to the computer 22 can also be given from the operation panel 26.

FIG. 3 shows an outline of the detection mechanism. A light reflecting mirror 3 is attached to the center of rotation of the rotary table 1, and a detection mechanism is attached to the inner cover 7' of the spinner type smearing device. The light from the halogen lamp 4 is passed through the lens 5.
to focus the light and align the optical axis with mirror 3. The reflected light is detected by the semiconductor optical sensor 6.

Next, a method for preparing a blood smear will be explained. A slide glass 2 is placed on a rotating table 1. Venous blood with anticoagulant 2
00 μt is activated by a switch door (not shown) of the slide glass 22, the motor is driven, and the turntable 1 starts rotating.

As a result, the blood spreads radially and is smeared onto the surface of the slide glass 2, but the rotation is stopped after an appropriate amount of time has elapsed.

By the way, when the rotary table 1 rotates, the reflected light amount output changes to the fourth
It changes as shown in the figure. Samples A and B.

C has a hemadrit value of 35.45°60-. Samples with low hematocrit values have a fast output rise time.

There is a large relationship between the output rise time and the hemadrit value. Now, set a predetermined output level in a region where the output changes linearly. For example, if the time required for the output voltage to reach 1.3V is set to 11, and the relationship with the hematocrit value is plotted, the result will be as shown in FIG. Furthermore, when the relationship between the hematocrit value and the corresponding optimum rotation time T is plotted, the result is as shown in FIG. In both of these figures, the values suddenly increase as the hematocrit value increases. Figure 7 is a practical example of the relationship between Figures 5 and 6.
14 E/7"l-1 Rumor, h 1 Shidan Pressure 1 Bird 2 Sho Young Ru 9 Ko L 1 Ri It turns out that the relationship between time t1 in 1r transmission is almost proportional. Therefore, Output voltage is 1
, 3■, and multiplying by a constant α, the optimum rotation time T is automatically determined, and a smear sample of a constant density can be obtained even if the hematocrit value is not known.

The reason why the predetermined voltage value was set to 1.3V in this example is that if the voltage is too low, it will be easily affected by noise, and if it is too high, there is a possibility that detection errors will occur for samples with high hematocrit values. .

However, the linearity range of the relational expression T=αXtl was 20 to 50 rnsflTo in this example, as shown in FIG. Here, 20m (8) is the hemadcrit value of 20
%, 501nlleO is hemadcrit value 60
Correspond to chi. For convenience of handling, for all 50m5ec or more, the upper limit is the rotation time equivalent to 50m(5), and
In all cases of 20 m (5) or less, the lower limit was determined to be the rotation time equivalent to 20 m (5). 6 in hematocrit value
0 inches or more and 20 inches or less. Normal range (38-4
7), and the appearance rate is less than 0.1.

As a result, in the conventional method, the hematocrit value was 35.
- In the following, the optimal rotation time varied depending on the state of dripping, and the smear was not constant, but in this example, both the blush liquid and the white blood form were good, and the blood smear always had a constant concentration. is now available. Furthermore, since the rotation time is not controlled by the initial value VO of the blood dripping time, it is not affected by dripping errors or changes in blood volume.

Returning to FIG. 2, the display section 24 displays the time from the start of rotation until the output voltage of the detector reaches 1.3. The optimum rotation time T after the calculation is also displayed. In the example shown in Figure 2, the input information for calculating the optimal rotation time can be obtained in 0.1 seconds or less, so even if the rotating table 1 continues to rotate in the smear device, the optimal rotation time for the blood sample can be obtained. When this is reached, the movement of the rotary drive unit is stopped under the control of the digital computer 22. For example, if the time t1 until the voltage reaches 1.3V is 20 m5ec, the slide glass carrying the blood layer will be rotated by 0.5 and tl
is 50 m (8), the slide glass is rotated by 2.0 m.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the main parts of another embodiment of the present invention,
This is an example of controlling by measuring transmitted light and setting the optimum rotation time. That is, a part of the rotary table 1 is made into a transparent plate 8, a detector 10 is attached to the inner cover 7', a lamp 9 is installed under the rotary table 1, and the amount of transmitted light passing through the transparent plate 8 is detected. to control the rotation time.

〔Effect of the invention〕

According to the present invention, a specimen can be prepared by the spinner method even if the hematocrit value of each blood sample is not known, and the specimen can be obtained with little individual difference in the finished state.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is a diagram explaining the conventional method of determining rotation time.
FIG. 2 is a schematic explanatory diagram of one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the rise change in the amount of reflected light; FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the time required to reach a predetermined output level and the hematocrit value; The figure shows the relationship between the hemadcrit value and the optimum rotation time, FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the optimum rotation time and the time required to reach a predetermined level, and FIG. FIG. 1... Turntable, 2... Slide glass, 4, 9...
・Lamp, 6.10... Photodetector, 7... Lid, 20
...Main body, Figure 1 Rotation time Figure 2 Figure 3 tI-Figure Hematocrit value- Hematoxottoi Straight- Figure 7 Fl constant voltage (; B Terama (11) at a lost j Figure 8

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A reflecting mirror placed at the center of rotation of a turntable on which a slide glass can be placed, a light source that irradiates light toward the blood layer on the slide glass, and a light source that emits light reflected or transmitted from the blood layer. A detector that receives light, a device that rotationally drives the rotary table, and a device that controls the operation of the drive device are provided, and a device that controls the rotation of the slide glass until the output based on the amount of reflected light or transmitted light becomes constant is provided. A blood smear preparation device characterized in that a predetermined output level is set in a region where the output changes linearly, and the time taken to reach the predetermined output level is measured and displayed.