JPS60187B2 - bolt tightening machine - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a bolt attaching machine having a three-speed transmission and using a mysterious gear mechanism.

Conventional bolt lining machines include impact wrenches that use percussion rotational force, constant speed nutrunners that use the torque method or rotation angle method, and two-speed variable speed nutrunners that use a normal planetary gear mechanism. However, among these conventional bolt tightening machines, the impact wrench has the disadvantage that although the speed of tightening bolts and nuts is fast, the koji force of tightened bolts varies widely, and the noise and vibration during work are large. Constant-speed nutrunners have a small variation in the axial force of vertically attached bolts, but have the disadvantage of extremely slow nut runners. In addition, a two-speed nutrunner using a normal planetary gear mechanism can only maintain a ratio of high and low speed rotations of 8 to 10 at most.
m, high-speed rotation is 80 to 20 pm, which is much lower than the impact wrench's rotation speed of 100 pm or more, and the vertical speed is far from that of a constant speed nut runner.
It has the disadvantage of being much smaller than an impact wrench. The present invention was made in order to improve the shortcomings of these conventional bolt tightening machines, and uses a mysterious gear mechanism to provide a three-stage speed change of high speed and low torque, medium to medium torque, and low speed and high torque.・In addition to making the vertical tightening speed of nuts equal to or higher than that of an impact wrench, when the dimensions of bolts to be installed vertically are small or when rotational resistance increases due to temporary vertical work of bolts and nuts, high speed low torque and medium speed medium torque are used. To provide a bolt tightening machine that further increases the tightening speed of bolts and nuts by switching between the two, and has small variations in the tightening force of tightened bolts, and has low noise and vibration.

Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

Fig. 1 is a sectional front view of essential parts of a bolt attaching machine according to an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along line A-A in Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along line B-B in Fig. 1. be.

In the figure, the main parts of the vertical bolt attachment machine 1 are a motorized Z machine 2,
Reduction gear mechanism 3, mysterious gear mechanism 4, high-speed low-torque clutch 5 (hereinafter abbreviated as clutch 5), drive shaft 6,
Bolt/nut tightening socket (hereinafter abbreviated as socket) 7, medium speed and medium torque clutch 8 (hereinafter abbreviated as clutch 8), medium speed and medium torque one way clutch 9 (hereinafter, one way clutch 9) ) and a low-speed, high-torque one-way clutch 10 (hereinafter abbreviated as one-way clutch 10).

). The prime mover 2 is attached to a cover 12 via bolts 11, and the prime mover 2 is provided with a handle 14 to which a start/stop switch 13 is attached.

The reduction gear mechanism 3 includes a sun gear 16 attached to the end of the output shaft 15 of the prime mover 2 , a plurality of planetary gears 17 that mesh with the sun gear 16 and rotate and revolve around the sun, and the planetary gears 1
The output shaft 21 is connected to the rotation shaft 20 of the planetary gear 17 and rotates as the planetary gear 17 revolves.

Therefore, the rotation of the output shaft 15 of the prime mover 2 is decelerated and transmitted to the output shaft 21 of the reduction gear mechanism 3, and the output shaft 21 rotates in the same direction as the output shaft 15 of the prime mover 2. In this example, the case where only the planetary gear mechanism is used as the reduction gear mechanism as described above is shown, but this is also possible using only a normal reduction gear train or a combination of a planetary gear mechanism and a normal reduction gear train. May be used. The mysterious gear mechanism 4 includes a sun gear 22 attached to the middle of the output shaft 21 of the reduction gear mechanism 3, a plurality of planetary gears 23 that mesh with the sun gear 22, rotate and revolve, and mesh with the planetary gears 23. , intermediate casing 2
A fixed internal gear 25 fixed to 4, a movable internal gear 26 that rotates while meshing with the planetary gear 23, and this movable internal gear 26
The number of teeth of the movable internal gear 26 is greater than the number of teeth of the fixed internal gear 25.

Therefore, the rotation of the output shaft 21 of the reduction gear mechanism 3 is decelerated and transmitted to the movable internal gear 26, and the movable internal gear shaft 53 rotates in the same direction as the output shaft 21 of the reduction gear mechanism 3. The clutch 5 is shown using an electromagnetic clutch in this embodiment, and includes a drive section 27 fixed to the output shaft 21 of the reduction gear mechanism 3, and a feather key 28 at the upper end of the drive shaft 6, which will be described later.
It consists of a driven part 29 attached via a.

When the drive section 27 is excited, the driven section 29
The rotation of the output shaft 21 of the reduction gear mechanism 3 is transmitted to the drive shaft 6 via the drive section 27 and the driven section 29. Instead of the electromagnetic clutch, a mechanical clutch, such as a friction clutch made of a spring and a driving and driven bran plate, may be used. The drive shaft 6 is connected to the lower casing 3 via a bearing 30.
1 is rotatably supported.

In addition, an oil seal 32 is provided adjacent to the bearing 3 between the drive shaft 6 and the lower casing 31 to prevent dust from entering the bolt tightening machine 1 from outside the machine body, and to prevent dust from entering the bolt tightening machine 1 from the outside of the machine body. This is designed to further prevent lubricant oil from leaking. A socket 7 is attached to the lower part of the drive shaft 6 via a pin 33 and an O-ring 34 for preventing the pin 33 from coming off. In this embodiment, the clutch 8 is shown in which an electromagnetic clutch is used in the same machine as the clutch 5.
6, and a driven portion 39 attached via a feather key 38 to the upper end of an intermediate shaft 37 that engages with the drive shaft 6 via a one-way clutch 9, which will be described later.

When the drive section 36 is excited, the driven section 39
The rotation of the planetary gear revolving shaft 35 of the mysterious gear mechanism 4 is transmitted to the outer cylinder 41 of the one-way clutch 9 via the driving part 36, the driven part 39, and the intermediate shaft 37. Instead of an electromagnetic clutch, a mechanical clutch may be used, for example a friction clutch consisting of a spring and driving and driven friction plates. The one-way clutch 9 is inserted between an outer cylinder 41 attached to the lower end of the intermediate shaft 37 via a bolt 40, an inner cylinder 42 provided on the drive shaft 6, and between the outer cylinder 41 and the inner cylinder 42. It is composed of a plurality of rollers 43 and a spring 44 that engages with each roller 43.

As shown in FIG. 2, the inner bridge 42 has, along its outer circumference,
A plurality of notches 47 formed by a seat surface 45 that is inclined in the radial direction and a steep end surface 46 are provided at equal intervals. A roller 43 is iron-filled between each roller 43 and an end surface 46.
A spring 44 is interposed between the rollers 43 so that the rollers 43 are always in contact with the inner peripheral surface 48 of the outer cylinder 41 and the seat surface 45. Further, to prevent the roller 43 from moving in the axial direction, the outer cylinder 41 is placed so that the presser plates 49 and 50 sandwich the roller 43 vertically.
installed on. The action of this one-way clutch is as follows. As shown in FIG. 2, an outer cylinder 41 and an inner cylinder 4
2 rotate in the direction of arrows 51 and 52 (clockwise),
When the rotation of the inner tube 42 is farther than the rotation of the outer tube 41, each roller 43 engages with the end surface 46 of the inner tube 42 via the spring 44 and rolls on the inner peripheral surface 48 of the outer tube 41, The inner cylinder 42 rotates independently of the rotation of the outer cylinder 41. When the inner bridge 42 stops or the rotation of the inner cylinder 42 becomes slower than the rotation of the outer cylinder 41,
Each roller 43 is engaged like a sliding door between the inner peripheral surface 48 of the outer cylinder 41 and the seat surface 45 of the inner cylinder 42, and the outer cylinder 41 and the inner cylinder 42 are integrated, and the rotation of the outer cylinder 41 remains unchanged. ) is transmitted to the inner cylinder 42. The one-way clutch 10' includes an outer cylinder 41' attached to the lower end of the extension part 53 of the movable internal gear 53 of the mysterious gear mechanism 4 via a bolt 40', an inner cylinder 42' provided on the drive shaft 6, It consists of a plurality of rollers 43' inserted between an outer cylinder 41' and an inner cylinder 42', and a spring 44' that engages with each roller 43'. As shown in FIG. 3, the inner cylinder 42' has a notch 47' formed along its outer periphery by a seat surface 45' that is inclined in the radial direction and a steep end surface 46'. A plurality of rollers 43' are provided at equal intervals, a roller 43' is inserted between each notch 47' and an inner circumferential surface 48' of the outer cylinder 41', and a roller 43' is inserted between each roller 43' and an end surface 46'. A spring 44' is interposed so that the roller 43' is always in contact with the inner circumferential surface 48' of the outer cylinder 41' and the seat surface 45'. Further, to prevent the roller 43' from moving in the rutting direction, presser plates 49' and 50f are attached to the outer cylinder 41' so as to sandwich the roller 43' above and below. The action of this one-way clutch 10 is as follows. As shown in FIG. 3, both the outer cylinder 41' and the inner cylinder 42'
(clockwise), and when the rotation of the inner cylinder 42' is faster than the rotation of the outer cylinder 41', each roller 43' is engaged with the end surface 46' of the inner cylinder 42' via the spring 44'. The inner cylinder 42' rolls on the inner circumferential surface 48' of the outer cylinder 41', and the inner cylinder 42'
It rotates regardless of the rotation of 1'. When the inner cylinder 42r stops or the rotation of the inner cylinder 42' becomes slower than the rotation of the outer cylinder 41', each roller 43' touches the inner peripheral surface 48' of the outer cylinder 41',
It engages nakedly between the seat surface 45' of the inner cylinder 42', and the outer cylinder 41
' and the inner cylinder 42' are integrated, and the rotation of the outer cylinder 41' is directly transmitted to the inner cylinder 42'. Note that instead of the one-way clutches 9 and 10, a one-way clutch using a pawl and a ratchet may be used. Next, the operation of the bolt flossing machine 1 having the above configuration will be explained. When the socket 7 of the bolt cotton attaching machine 1 is fitted with the bolt and nut to be attached, and the switch 13 of the prime mover 2 is turned on, the prime mover 2 starts and the clutches 5 and 8 are engaged individually or at the same time. .

Now, to explain the case where the clutches 5 and 8 are engaged at the same time, the output shaft 15 of the prime mover 2 is connected to the drive shaft to which the socket 7 is attached via the reduction gear mechanism 3, the output shaft 21 of the reduction gear mechanism 3, and the clutch 5. 6 to form a high speed low torque transmission mechanism 54. In this case, if the rotation speed of the prime mover 2 is taken into consideration and the reduction ratio of the reduction gear mechanism 3 is selected so that the rotation speed of the output shaft 21 is 100 ratio pm or more,
The high-speed, low-torque rotational speed in bolt/nut tightening work can be made equal to or higher than the rotational speed of an impact wrench. Therefore, the rotation of the prime mover 2 is transmitted to the socket 7 via the output shaft 21 of the reduction gear mechanism 3, the clutch 5, and the drive shaft 6, and the bolts and nuts that are competed with the socket 7 are transmitted to the socket 7 with a force equivalent to or better than that of an impact wrench. Rotate at rotational speed. Further, the output shaft 15 of the prime mover 2 is
Via the reduction gear mechanism 3, the output shaft 21 of the reduction gear mechanism 3, the planetary gear revolution shaft 35 of the wonder gear mechanism 4, the clutch 8, the intermediate shaft 37, and the one-way clutch 9 attached to the lower end of the intermediate shaft 37. , when combined with the drive shaft 6 to which the socket 7 is attached, forms a medium-to-medium torque transmission mechanism 55. In this case, if the number of teeth of the sun gear 22 is Z and the number of teeth of the fixed internal gear 25 is Z3, the rotation speed of the planetary gear revolution shaft 35 of the mysterious gear mechanism 4 is the rotation speed of the sun gear 22, that is, the reduction gear The rotation speed of the output shaft 21 of the mechanism 3 is decelerated to a value obtained by multiplying Hayabusa Z. Therefore, the rotation of the prime mover 2 is controlled by the reduction gear mechanism 3.
output shaft 21, planetary gear revolution axis 35 of the mysterious gear mechanism 4
, is transmitted to the socket 7 attached to the drive shaft 6 via the clutch 8, intermediate shaft 37, one-way clutch 9, and drive shaft 6, and rotates the bolts and nuts iron-coupled to the socket 7 at the above-mentioned rotational speed. let Further, the output shaft 15 of the electric motor 2 is connected to the reduction gear mechanism 3, the output shaft 21 of the reduction gear mechanism 3, the wonder gear mechanism 4, and the one-way clutch 10 attached to the lower end of the movable internal gear shaft 53 of the wonder gear mechanism 4. When coupled to the drive shaft 6 with the socket 7 attached thereto, a low speed high torque transmission mechanism 56 is formed. In this case, the rotation speed of the movable internal gear 26 of the mysterious gear mechanism 4 is ≧, where the number of teeth of the movable internal gear 26 is Z4, the rotation speed b of the output shaft 21 of the speed gear mechanism 3 is Since the multiplied side reduction strictly secret reduction ratio can be made very large (for example, more than one skin), the rotation speed of the high-speed low torque transmission mechanism 54 can be made equal to or higher than that of an impact wrench (100 Even if the rotation speed of the low-speed high-torque transmission mechanism 56 is increased to 1
It is easy to reduce the speed to 0-2pm.

Therefore, the rotation of the electric motor 2 is caused by the output shaft 2 of the reduction gear mechanism 3.
1, mysterious gear mechanism 4, one-way clutch 10, drive shaft 6
is transmitted to the socket 7 attached to the drive shaft 6, and the bolt/nut fitted in the socket 7 is vertically attached to the object to be fastened at the above-mentioned rotation speed. From the above, while the output shaft 21 of the reduction gear mechanism 3 and the drive shaft 6 are connected by the clutch 5 and the high-speed low torque mechanism 54 is operating,
The rotation of the output shaft 21 of the reduction gear mechanism 3 is directly transmitted to the drive shaft 36, the inner cylinder 42 of the one-way clutch 9, and the inner cylinder 42' of the one-way clutch 10.

Therefore, the inner cylinder 42 of the one-way clutch 9 and the inner cylinder 42' of the one-way clutch 10 are the outer cylinders 41, 41', respectively.
As mentioned above, the inner cylinder 42,
42' and the drive shaft 6 rotate at the same rotational speed as the output shaft 21 of the reduction gear mechanism 3, regardless of the rotation of the outer cylinders 41, 41', and the bolts fitted in the socket 7 attached to the drive shaft 6 rotate.・Freely rotate the nut at high speed and low torque. However, when the bolts and nuts come into contact with the object to be fastened, the load on the prime mover 2 increases, and when the input current reaches a predetermined value if the prime mover 2 is an electric motor, or when the input current reaches a predetermined value if the prime mover 2 is a hydraulic motor or air motor, the load on the prime mover 2 increases. When the time when the oil pressure or air pressure reaches a predetermined value is detected and the clutch 5 is deenergized, the reduction gear mechanism 3
The coupling between the output shaft 21 and the drive shaft 6 is released, and the drive shaft 6
The rotation of is rapidly slowed down by the increased resistance of the bolt/nut. Therefore, when the rotation of the inner cylinder 42 of the one-way clutch 9 becomes slower than the rotation of the outer cylinder 41, the outer cylinder 41 and the inner cylinder 42 are integrally connected via the rollers 43 as described above. The high-speed, low-torque transmission mechanism 54 switches to the medium-range, medium-range torque transmission mechanism 55, and the bolts and nuts are tightened with medium-speed and medium torque.When the clutch 5 is de-energized and the clutch 8 is also de-energized at the same time, the mysterious gear mechanism is activated. The connection between the planetary gear revolving gear 35 of No. 4 and the intermediate shaft 37 is also released, the drive shaft 6 is decelerated, and the rotation of the inner cylinder 42' of the one-way clutch 10 becomes slower than the rotation of the outer cylinder 41'. 41'
and inner cylinder 42' are integrally connected via roller 43',
The high speed low torque transmission mechanism 54 is the low speed high torque transmission mechanism 56
The bolts and nuts are vertically attached at low speed and high torque, and when the tightening torque reaches the tightening torque equivalent to the axial force of the specified bolt, or the rotation angle of the bolt and nut reaches the specified bolt axial force. By detecting the point in time when the rotation angle corresponding to the bolting force is reached and stopping the prime mover 12, the bolts and nuts can be tightened with the tightening torque or rotation angle corresponding to the predetermined bolt axial force. Therefore, by appropriately selecting and using the three-speed transmission mechanism, it is possible to improve the efficiency of the work of attaching bolts and nuts. For example, when tightening large bolts, the high-speed, low-torque transmission mechanism 54 is switched to the low-speed, high-torque transmission mechanism 66; when vertically tightening small bolts, the high-speed, low-torque transmission mechanism 54 is switched to the medium-speed Switching to the medium torque transmission mechanism 55 may be used. In addition, in the case of temporarily tightening bolts and nuts, even if cutting powder etc. remain in the valleys of the threads, increasing rotational resistance and making temporary tightening impossible with the high-speed and low-torque transmission mechanism 54, medium-speed and medium-torque By switching to the transmission mechanism 55, the temporary cotton work can be performed efficiently. Clutch 5 and clutch 8
When a mechanical clutch using a spring is used, if the spring is adjusted in advance, the clutch can be turned on and off without detecting the input current, oil pressure, or air pressure of the prime mover. As described above, the bolt tightening machine of the present invention has a three-stage transmission mechanism of a high-speed low torque transmission mechanism, a medium-to-medium torque transmission mechanism, and a low-speed high torque transmission mechanism, and has a three-stage transmission mechanism that moves bolts and nuts from a freely rotating state to The high-speed, low-torque transmission mechanism rotates the bolts and Z-nuts at a rotational speed equal to or higher than that of the impact wrench until they come into contact with the object and reach a restrained state. Depending on the situation, a medium-to-long-to-medium torque transmission mechanism or a low-speed and high-torque transmission mechanism can be selected as appropriate, and tightening can be completed in the same way as with a constant-speed nut runner.

Therefore, the bolt tightening speed can be made equal to or higher than that of an impact wrench, and variations in the threading force of the bolts can be reduced. In addition, when working on bolts and nuts, first rotate the bolts and nuts using a high-speed, low-torque transmission mechanism, and if rotational resistance increases during the process, switch to a medium-speed, medium-torque transmission mechanism to efficiently rotate the bolts and nuts. able to perform work. Also, since it does not use a striking mechanism like an impact wrench, it also reduces noise and
The effects are great, such as being able to reduce vibrations.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of essential parts of one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.
3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A--A in the figure, and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B--B in FIG. 1... Bolt tightening machine, 2... Prime mover,
3... Reduction gear mechanism, 4... Mysterious gear mechanism, 5... High speed low torque clutch, 6...
... Drive shaft, 7 ... Socket for vertical mounting of bolts and nuts, 8 ... Clutch for medium to medium torque, 9 ...
... One-way clutch for medium to medium torque, 10 ... One-way clutch for low speed and high torque, 21 ... Output shaft, 2
6... Movable internal gear, 54... High speed low torque transmission mechanism, 55... Medium speed medium torque transmission mechanism, 56.
...Low speed high torque transmission mechanism. Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 1

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A reduction gear mechanism connected to the output shaft of the prime mover; A mysterious gear mechanism connected to the output shaft of this reduction gear mechanism;
a high-speed, low-torque clutch that connects or disconnects the output shaft of the reduction gear mechanism and a drive shaft to which a socket is attached; a medium-speed medium-torque clutch that connects or disconnects the provided intermediate shaft;
a one-way clutch for medium speed and medium torque provided between the intermediate shaft and the drive shaft; a one-way clutch for low speed and high torque provided between the movable internal gear shaft of the wonder gear mechanism and the drive shaft; a high-speed, low-torque transmission mechanism is formed by connecting the output shaft of the prime mover to the drive shaft via the reduction gear mechanism and the high-speed, low-torque clutch; is connected to the drive shaft via the reduction gear mechanism, the planetary gear revolution shaft of the wonder gear mechanism, the medium speed and medium torque clutch, the intermediate shaft, and the medium speed and medium torque one-way clutch. forming a medium torque transmission mechanism, and connecting the output shaft of the prime mover to the drive shaft via the reduction gear mechanism, the movable internal gear shaft of the wonder gear mechanism, and the one-way clutch for low speed and high torque; A bolt tightening machine characterized by forming a low-speed, high-torque transmission mechanism.