JPS60150110A - Shifting device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent previously a rear-end collision, etc. by producing an output in case the distance up to an obstacle is smaller than that up to the stop position. CONSTITUTION:An inter-car distance detecting means CLD4 using the infrared laser light is set in front of a car 2 to send the infrared light to a preceding car 1, and the reflected light is received from the car 1. Thus the distance between both cars is detected by the time during which the reflected light is received from the car 1, and the voltage signal is delivered according to the inter-car distance. A comparator COM5 compares the voltage signal corresponding to the inter-car distance (l) from the CLD4 with the voltage signal corresponding to the stop position given from a speed/stop distance converter VSL8. Then an alarm ALM6 is actuated in case the voltage of the CLD4 is lower than that of the VSL8, i.e., the inter-car distance is smaller than that up to the stop position. Then the brakes are applied forcibly by an automatic braking device ABD9 in case the distance (l) is set at <=2/3 stop distance.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to transportation devices such as trains, ships, and airplanes in addition to automobiles.

Hereinafter, a car will be described in detail as a representative example of a moving device, but it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to cars.

Conventional automobiles (hereinafter simply referred to as cars) have a braking device (hereinafter also referred to as brakes), which prevents rear-end collisions by applying the brakes when the driver senses danger while driving to slow down or stop the vehicle. I was doing it.

The stopping distance of a car (= free running distance + braking distance) increases as the car's speed increases.
Furthermore, when driving at high speeds or in the rain, this stopping distance becomes extremely long, so for safe driving it is necessary to maintain a distance longer than this stopping distance.

However, whether or not the following distance to the vehicle in front is sufficient while driving differs significantly depending on the driving speed and road surface condition, and it also depends solely on the driver's visual estimation, making it unstable and unpredictable. It is well known that there are many rear-end collisions caused by Shikoku.

The present invention provides a moving device that can prevent such rear-end collisions and the like.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.

Fig. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the operation of an automobile (vehicle) that is an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the same car, and Fig. 3 is the relationship between running speed and stopping distance (All Japan Transport Foundation). It is a characteristic diagram showing the output of the speed vs. stopping distance exchange means (adjusted from the speed and inter-vehicle distance in the "Instructions on Traffic Methods" published by the Japan Safety Association).

In the figure, 1 is a car running in the same direction in front of the car 2 of this embodiment, and 3 is a road surface. Car 2 is moving in the direction of the arrow at speed v, and the inter-vehicle distance between cars 1 and 2 is l. 4 is an inter-vehicle distance detection means (hereinafter referred to as CLD) using an infrared laser beam attached to the front of the car 2, and the CLD 4 transmits infrared light forward and receives the reflected light reflected from the rear of the car 1. The inter-vehicle distance is detected from the time required for this transmission and reception, and a voltage signal corresponding to the distance is output.

7 is a moving speed detection means (hereinafter referred to as CVD) for detecting the moving speed of the car 2, and 8 is a level corresponding to the stopping distance required for the current speed as shown in FIG. 3 according to the output of the CVD 7. A speed-to-stop distance conversion means (hereinafter referred to as VS) outputs a voltage output signal to a comparator (hereinafter referred to as COM) 5.
(referred to as L). COM5 compares the voltage signal equivalent to the inter-vehicle distance l from CLD4 with the voltage signal equivalent to the stopping distance from VSL8, and if the voltage of the signal from CLD4 is lower (i.e. inter-vehicle distance<stopping distance), the alarm ( Below A
(referred to as LM) 6, and further increases the following distance l.
becomes shorter and the automatic braking system (hereinafter referred to as A
(referred to as BD) 9 forcibly applies the brakes.

Next, the operation of this car will be explained.

Car 2 is traveling in the direction of the arrow at 60km/h, and cars 1 and 2
Consider a case where the inter-vehicle distance l is 80 m.

In this case, the output of CLD4 is 80V since l=80, and on the other hand, since the speed detected by CVD7 is 60km/hour, the stopping distance is approximately 34m as shown in Fig. 3.Therefore, the output of VSL8 is the stopping distance ≒ 34m. It is about 34V.

Therefore, COM5 determines that the inter-vehicle distance l is sufficient and does not send out an output. Therefore, both ALM6 and ABD9 do not operate.

However, next time, even if the speed is the same 60 km/h, if the inter-vehicle distance l is shortened to 30 m, CLD4 will be 30 V.
Since the output of VSL8 is applied to COM5 and the output of 34V is applied to COM5, the output of VSL8 becomes larger and the output of COM
5 sends out an output and activates ALM6.

However, ABD9 does not operate at this stage.

Next, if the speed of car 2 is increased to 100 km/h (stopping distance 105 m) while maintaining this inter-vehicle distance l = 30 m, the output of VSL8 will be 105 V, and since the output of CLD4 is 30 V, it will actually be more than tripled, so COM5 activates not only ALM6 but also ABD9, which forcibly applies the brakes to automatically reduce the speed of car 2 and prevent a rear-end collision.

Of course, if the inter-vehicle distance l exceeds the stopping distance, the above ALM
6. The operation of ABD9 is canceled.

In this way, in this embodiment, the outputs of CLD4 and VSL8 are converted into voltage outputs corresponding to the respective distances, and COM5
Although the magnitudes are compared in the above, the present invention is not limited to this, and the comparison may be made by converting to other values, such as the number of pulses or the pulse width.

Further, the CLD 4 may be an inter-vehicle distance detection means using radio waves, ultrasonic waves, or the like. Further, the braking force of ABD4 is not constant, and the greater the difference between the stopping distance and the following distance, the greater the braking force is increased, and the braking force (brake) is weakened as the following distance approaches the stopping distance, or In order to avoid slip accidents caused by sudden braking, the brakes are configured so that when the distance difference between the two is large, the brakes are applied weakly at first, and then gradually become stronger.
It may also be possible to prevent a vehicle from rolling over or slipping due to sudden braking.

In this embodiment, the speed of the car 2 is detected by the CVD 7, further converted to a stopping distance at the same speed by the VSL 8, and the speed of the car 2 is detected by the CVD 7.
Although we have shown an example in which COM5 is used to compare the magnitude of the following distance from obtained via a distance-to-velocity conversion means, while C
When the speed detected by VD7 is applied directly to COM without intervening VSL8, and compared with the output speed of the stopping distance to speed conversion means, the magnitude relationship between both speeds is determined, and the inter-vehicle distance l is taken as the stopping distance. If the speed of the vehicle 2 is smaller than the actual speed of the vehicle 2, the ALM 6 and ABD 9 may be activated. In this case, the output of CLD4 also becomes speed information after conversion, so it can be displayed on the speedometer (regardless of analog or digital type) at the same time as the output of CVD7.
The output of D7 may be displayed in blue, or it may be displayed in red only when the converted speed is smaller than the output speed of CVD7, and displayed in blue when it is larger). By doing this, it is possible to easily know whether or not the distance between vehicles is safe.

Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described using FIGS. 4 to 6.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the operation of a vehicle according to another embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the same vehicle, and FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram showing speed vs. stopping distance and VSL output.

In the figure, 11 is a car running in the same direction in front of the car 12 of this embodiment, and the inter-vehicle distance between the cars 11 and 12 is l. car 12
A pair of conductive rubber belts (hereinafter referred to as ERB) 10 are provided at the rear of the vehicle, and both of these belts are in contact with the road surface 13.

Reference numeral 14 indicates inter-vehicle distance detection means (inter-vehicle distance detection means) provided at the front of the vehicle 12 for measuring the distance l from an obstacle in front, for example, the vehicle 11.
CLD), and the output voltage (
For example, 20V when l=20m, 10V when l=100m
0V). 17 is a moving speed detection means (CVD)
18 is the stopping distance corresponding to the same speed according to the speed output of the CVD 17 as shown in FIG. 6 (when the road surface is wet, it is shown as curve 28, and when it is dry, it is shown as curve 29).
Voltage equivalent to (60V when stopping distance is 60m, 100V)
This is a speed-to-stop distance converting means (VSL) that outputs 100V when m. 15 is a comparator (COM);
The output voltage of CLD14 is compared with the output voltage of VSL18, and when the output of VSL18 is large (vehicle distance < stopping distance), the alarm (ALM) 16 is activated, and when the output of VSL18 is larger, the alarm is activated automatically. Braking device (A
BD) Activate 19. ERB10 keeps the road surface 1 even while driving.
3 and the road surface 13 is wet due to rain etc., press E.
Since the electrical resistance between RB10 is small and the resistance between ERB10 is large when the road surface 13 is dry, ER
Electric resistance detector (ERD) 21 connected to B10 is E
It is configured to send an output when the resistance of RB10 falls below a predetermined value (when wet).

20 is an outside temperature sensor (C
SD), and when the temperature drops below 0°C, the output is sent to an AND circuit (A
ND) Send to 22. The output of AND22 is VSL18
and sent to ALM26. In addition, the conversion characteristics of the VSL 18 are curve 28 when the output from the ERD 21 is being sent out (when the road surface 13 is wet), and curve 29 when the output from the ERD 21 is stopped (when the road surface 13 is dry). Converts the output of CO to a voltage equivalent to the stopping distance.
Output to M15.

Furthermore, the outputs of ERD21 and CSD20 are simultaneously AND2
2 (when the road surface 13 is frozen or there is a high possibility that it will freeze), the ALM 26 is activated to notify the danger, and the ABD 19 is activated via the VSL 18 and COM 15 to prevent the vehicle 12 from freezing. speed of 30km
Gradually reduce the actual full speed to less than / hour.

Next, the operation of the vehicle 12 of this embodiment will be explained.

(I) Consider the case where the road surface 13 is dry.

In this case, since the resistance of ERB 10 is large, no output is sent from ERD 21, so VSL 18 applies an output voltage to COM 15 according to curve 29 shown in FIG.

The subsequent operations are the same as in the previous embodiment. Furthermore, even if the CSD 20 outputs an output when the temperature outside the vehicle is 0° C. or lower, there is no output from the ERD 21, so no output is output from the AND 22.

(II) Consider a case where the road surface 13 is wet due to rain or the like.

In this case, the resistance of ERB10 is smaller than in case (I) above, so ERD21 to VSL18 and AND
The output is sent to 22. At this time, VSL18 is the sixth
The output is sent to COM 15 according to the curve 28 shown in the figure. Furthermore, if the temperature outside the vehicle is higher than 0° C., there is no output from the CSD 20, so no output is sent from the AND 22.

Therefore, even if the speed of the car 12 is constant at 90 km/hour, when the road surface 13 is dry as shown in (I) above, the inter-vehicle distance l = 90 m is sufficient, so the COM
From 15 onwards, no output is sent to ALM16. However (I
As shown in I), even if the road surface 13 is wet,
=90m is not enough and COM15 sends out an output to activate ALM16 and ABD19.

Next, when the road surface 13 is wet and the temperature outside the vehicle is below 0°C, both the CSD 20 and the ERD 21 output output, so A
Output from ND22 is sent to ALM26 and VSL18 for freeze warning. The VSL18 is controlled to the output of the AND22 with priority over the output of the ERD21.

Therefore, even if l is sufficient, the output of the CLD 14 forces the ABD 19 to operate to decelerate (to 30 km/hour or less in this embodiment) or stop the vehicle. this is,
This is to prevent slip accidents due to frozen road surface 13, and after installing tire chains etc., CSD20, A
If you disconnect ND22 from VSL18, you can drive as before.

Of course, if the temperature outside the vehicle rises above 0° C. or the road surface 13 becomes dry, the output of the AND 22 is stopped and the VSL 18 returns to its original state.

In this way, in this embodiment, the VSL is adjusted depending on the condition of the road surface 13.
Since the conversion characteristics of the 18 speed-to-stop distance conversion means can be switched, it is safer, and moreover, slip accidents due to freezing in winter can be prevented.

Incidentally, the ERB 10 may also be used as a conductive rubber ground belt for preventing static electricity, and it is important to keep the CSD 20 away from the engine and exhaust gas pipe.

Further, the inter-vehicle distance detected by the CLD 14 is converted into a speed using a stopping distance using a stopping distance to speed exchange means having the characteristics shown in FIG. The configuration may be such that the ALM 16 and the ABD 19 are operated when the converted speed is smaller than the speed detected by the CVD 17. Also, both speeds may be displayed on the same speedometer panel.

Next, another embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. I will explain using

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a vehicle that is another embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure, 34 is a following distance detection means (CLD) for measuring the distance between the vehicle and an obstacle in front, such as a car running in front.
A comparator (
COM) 35. 37 is an apparent speed detection means (IMVD) that detects the apparent speed based on data such as the number of rotations of tires, and 40 is an actual speed detection means (IMVD) that detects the actual speed using the Doppler effect. R
EVD). 41 is the output of IMVD37 and REVD
This is a slip amount detection means (SDM) that calculates the slip amount from both the output of 40.

38 is a speed-to-stop distance conversion means (VSL) that converts the speed output of the IMVD 37 into a stopping distance output using a conversion coefficient (function) that can be changed according to the output from the SDM 41 and applies the same to the comparator (COM) 35. .

COM35 is the output of CLD34 (vehicle distance) and VSL
38 output (stopping distance), no output when inter-vehicle distance ≧ stopping distance, and ALM when inter-vehicle distance < stopping distance.
36, and when the following distance << stopping distance, AB
Also activates D39. Further, when the slip amount output from the SDM 41 exceeds a predetermined value due to freezing of the road surface, etc., the ABD 39 is forcibly activated regardless of the inter-vehicle distance to gradually apply the brakes, and the ALM 46 is activated to warn of danger.

By doing so, even safer driving becomes possible.

Note that the speed information to the VSL 38 may be applied from the REVD 40 instead of the IMVD 37, which allows more accurate control.

Also, CLD, CVD, VSL, COM, ERD, AN
A part or all of the D, CSD, etc. may be constructed using a one-chip LSI, or a series of processing may be performed using a microcomputer.

Further, the ERD10 uses a set of two belts, but if two insulated conductive wires (or foils) are embedded in one belt, only one belt is required, and the effort of installing the belt can be saved.

Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 8 to 10.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of the main parts of an automobile (vehicle) according to another embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 9 is a characteristic diagram of the same parts, and FIG. 10 is a plan view of the speed display section of the same car.

In the figure, 50 is a moving speed detection means (CVD), and 51 is a CVD.
A moving speed display circuit (V
DC) and is already implemented in today's luxury cars.

53 is a distance detection means (CLD) that measures the distance to an obstacle in front (vehicle in front) using infrared rays, ultrasonic waves, radio waves, etc.
It is. The output of the CLD 53 is converted into safe speed information at the current inter-vehicle distance by a stopping distance to speed conversion means (LSV) 54 having the stopping distance to speed conversion characteristics shown in FIG. Sent to 56. The SVD 56 converts this safe speed into digital data and displays it by lighting the corresponding LED of the LEDL 59. 52 is VDC51, SV
This is a speed display section (VDD) consisting of D56.

55, it is necessary to change the conversion characteristics of LSV54 depending on whether the road surface is wet due to rain or the like, and when the road surface is dry.
).

SW55 is turned OFF when the road surface is dry, and turned ON when the road surface is wet. Note that FIG. 9 shows only the characteristics when the road surface is dry.

Next, the operation of this car will be explained.

If the speed of the car is 90km/h, CVD50 to VDC
Speed information to that effect is outputted to the VDC 51, analog-to-digital converted by the VDC 51, and the LED 58 of the LEDL 59 lights up in blue.

At this time, if the distance between vehicles is 25m, CLD53
Inter-vehicle distance information of l=25 m is output to the LSV 54, and based on the characteristics shown in FIG. 9 (SW 55 is OFF), speed information of a safe speed of 50 km/hour is output to the SVD 56.

The SVD 56 converts this speed information from analog to digital, causes the LED 57 of the LEDL 59 to blink in red, and warns the driver to reduce the speed.

Also, even if the speed is 90km/h, the distance between vehicles is 100m.
Then, when l=100m, the safe speed is 100km/
SV on LEDL59.
The LED display by D56 disappears. This is l=25m
The same applies when the speed drops below 50 km/hour.

By doing this, both the current speed and the safe speed are displayed on the speedometer panel, so you can tell at a glance whether or not it is safe.

Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described using FIG. 11 and FIG. 12.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram of the main parts of a car according to another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 12 is a plan view of the main parts of the speed display section of the same car.

In the figure, 61 is CVD, 62 is VDC, 63 is CLD, 64
6 is a distance display circuit (LDC), 65 is a speed display section, and 6 is a distance display circuit (LDC).
6 is an LEDC that displays the current speed of the vehicle, and 67 is an LEDL that displays the current inter-vehicle distance;
Between L66 and LED L67, the positions of the LEDs are aligned on the speed display panel so as to correspond to the relationship shown in FIG.

In other words, the inter-vehicle distance detected by the CLD 63 is 25
m, 50 on the LEDL67 as shown in FIG.
The LED corresponding to km/h flashes red and the safe speed is 5.
0km/hour is indirectly displayed.

In this way, the LSV can be omitted simply by associating each position on the display panel in advance.

As described above, according to the present invention, a safe inter-vehicle distance can be easily ensured, so that traffic accidents such as chases can be greatly reduced.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the operation of a car which is an embodiment of the present invention;
The figure is a block diagram of the same vehicle, FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram of the same vehicle, FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the operation of a vehicle that is another embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the same vehicle, and FIG. is a characteristic diagram of the same vehicle, FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a vehicle that is another embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 8 is a block diagram of the main parts of a vehicle that is another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 10 is a plan view of the speed display section of the same vehicle, FIG. 11 is a block diagram of the main parts of another embodiment, and FIG. 12 is a plan view of the main parts of the speed display section of the same example. . 1.2.11.12‥‥Car, 3.13‥‥Road surface, 4.1
4.34 ‥ ‥ ‥ Vehicle distance detection means (CLD), 5.15
．． 35‥‥‥Comparator (COM), 6.16.26.36
．． 46...Alarm (ALM), 7.17...Moving speed detection means (CVD), 8.18.38...Speed-to-stop distance conversion means (VSL), 9.19.39... ‥‥
Automatic braking device (ABD), 10. ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥Pair of conductive rubber belts (ERB), 20‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥Electrical resistance detector (ERD), 22‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥Logic AND circuit (AND), 28‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Speed versus stopping distance characteristic curve in rainy weather, 29‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Speed versus stopping in sunny weather Distance characteristic curve, 37. Apparent speed detection means (IMVD), 40. Actual speed detection means (REVD), 41. Slip amount detection. means (SDM), 50.61...Moving speed detection means (CVD), 51.62...Moving speed display circuit (
VDC), 52.65‥‥‥‥‥ Speed display section (VDD)
, 53.63 ‥ ‥ ‥ ‥ ‥ Vehicle distance detection means (CLD),
54 Stopping distance to speed conversion means (LSV
), 55... Conversion function switching switch (S
W), 56‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥Safety speed display circuit (SVD
), 57.58‥‥‥‥‥Light-emitting diode (two-color type) (
LED), 59.66.67... Light emitting diode row (L
EDL), 64‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥Following distance display circuit (L
DC). Patent applicant Kimi Ikegami■

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) a distance measuring means that measures the distance to an obstacle in front; a safe inter-vehicle distance output section that measures its own moving speed and sends out a predetermined stopping distance output according to the speed;
A moving device comprising: a determining section that compares the stopping distance output of the output section and the output of the distance measuring means, and generates an output when the distance to the obstacle is shorter than the stopping distance. (2) a distance measuring means for measuring the distance to an obstacle in front; a road surface condition detecting means for detecting a slipping condition of the road; A safe inter-vehicle distance output section outputs a stopping distance output corresponding to the speed determined, and compares the stopping distance output of the output section with the output of the distance measuring means, and determines whether the distance to the obstacle is greater than the stopping distance. A discriminating unit that generates an output when the time is short.