JPS60141904A - Piled layer surface for athletic field and its production - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a pile surface for a playing field, particularly a soccer field. The present invention further relates to a method for manufacturing such a deposited layer surface, but the playing field is used in its routine use in the following cases: When athletic shoes equipped with this are used, they are subjected to very large loads.

This is especially true for soccer fields.

However, the desired field coverage in itself to withstand damage caused by such loads has not been fully achievable, and in any case not at the desired economic cost.

Natural grass with field drainage is the most preferred covering for soccer fields by players, but grass stocks are very weak and need a lot of attention for regeneration (regrowth/recultivation/transplanting). Lawn covers are very problematic in terms of maintenance and care, as they require hours of time.

Therefore, for regular and relatively frequent training,
Grass fields are not suitable for playing fields, and playing field surfaces that require less maintenance are used, where the surface layer or cover layer is made of relatively inexpensive shingle material such as volcanic slag, or is mechanically constructed. It is composed of compacted mineral deposits. The known sedimentary surfaces for playing fields or soccer fields with a mineral surface layer, the so-called compaction cover, and the usual composition of a ground or substructure and a multilayered superstructure are six compaction surfaces (Tennessee).
(DIN 18035) or hard field (Hartplatze), the surface layer of which is not necessarily water permeable.

It is clear that the type of compressed surfaces for training and competition have mixed advantages and disadvantages in deposited surfaces with permeable mineral overlying layers.

The slip resistance is sufficient at low to medium loads, but at relatively high loads, the rolling of the particles of the deposit is hardly achieved due to the tendency to slide. There is a high risk of injury from falling due to abrasions or sprains. However, maintenance by leveling, rolling, etc. is much easier than in the case of a grass field.

The present invention aims at providing a pile surface (also referred to as a pile bed) for a playing field, in particular a soccer field,
Kernel bed surfaces fully integrate the utilization advantages of grass fields with the care advantages of hard or compacted fields, and offer further advantages, particularly with regard to production costs.

The above object is achieved according to the invention by a sedimentary layer or bed having a permeable multi-layered superstructure, as is known per se for compaction surfaces, said superstructure being free from the earth or the underlying layer except for the surface layer or overlying layer. Structurally, it preferably has the usual configurations (filter layer, load layer, dynamic layer) corresponding to the standard in question (e.g. DIN 18035), for example in the lower part of the superstructure and/or in the ground or substructure. drainage facilities, geotextiles etc. can be used and arranged in a manner known per se. According to the invention, the permeable surface layer of the bed surface or the superstructure of the bed, which serves as a covering, is at least primarily, preferably practically completely, composed of bark material consisting essentially of platelet-like sections or pieces. , this layer is hardened to provide a coating that actually withstands player traffic. The pieces of bark material, which are then usually considered to be "platelets", have a maximum length of 100wn = largest piece size) and a maximum thickness of less than 10 cm, preferably less than 5 mm (=smallest piece size). Other preferred dimensional parameters and shape meters for the pieces of bark material are discussed below.

Here, one deposition layer plane (Schuttgutflaehe
)” is the name “compression surface (Tennenflac)”.
A sedimentary bed surface is a multi-layered sedimentary bed, and is a two-dimensional (2-dimensional) layer in a geometric sense.
It does not mean a plane (Fl;ah・)''.

Preferred embodiments of the deposited layer surface according to the invention have the features set out in claims 2 to 9, wherein the standard data DIN to SNV relate to the West German to Swiss standards, respectively. .

The method according to the invention for producing a new 1' deposited layer surface consists of forming a surface layer on a superstructure formed in a conventional manner by depositing a flaky bark material as described above, depositing the flakes during or after one of the depositions. The pre-orientation parallel to the horizontal field and the mechanical compaction of the pre-orientated loose piles.

A preferred embodiment of this manufacturing method has the features set forth in the 11th and 12th claims.

Preferably, the bark material used is fresh or only slightly decayed pieces of bark material. Preorientation of the platelets can be achieved by a suitable A-deposition method, e.g. by means of a spreader, in which the particles are ejected approximately parallel, or by manipulating the deposited layer, e.g. with a rake. Mechanical compaction may be effected, for example, by leveling with a roller, so that the surface layer thickness is typically about 30 in., at its thinnest, of about 10 in. of loose deposit thickness.

Bark products, such as those obtained when the bark of broad-leaved and coniferous trees is stripped manually or mechanically in forest management and industrial wood processing, are by-products produced on a large scale that can be used for their removal or for example as fuel. Its use as a fertilizer or in compost production is economically significant. It is also known to use crushed bark materials as soft deposits, for example as so-called mulch materials or for horse fields and sports fields. However, in the hitherto known uses of bark material as deposits, loose deposits, i.e. layers consisting of particles with a statistical positional distribution, are always observed, and in deposits where the orientation of the particles is more or less clear. Also usually results in a bed of essentially free debris, which is
It has virtually no strength when loaded by forces acting parallel or gunshot to the surface.Thus, for those skilled in the field of virtuosity manufacturing, using flake-like bark material of suitable flake size, It is an unexpected fact that the decompression results in a surface that is even suitable for use as a soccer field, i.e. damaged enough to withstand HR traffic in practice. On the contrary, until now
The pile consisting of bark material is processed mechanically and without artificial binders to make it water permeable and at the same time mechanically resistant to the surface loads that arise when used as a playing field or soccer field. It seems that it would be impossible to create a coating layer that is sufficiently stable (surface shear strength #).

Desirable or necessary traffic resistance for the surface coating of the deposited layer surface according to the present invention
The size of the shoe may depend on the desired maximum load taking into account the type of sport on the playing field and the type of shoe (eg spiked). Typically, a sufficient minimum traffic rating is given if the playing field is capable of carrying the normal loads for a professional soccer match, at least without hindrance due to the constraints of the cladding, and is The degree can be increased by considering the parameters described further below.

For the purposes of the present invention, bark materials are suitable above all for the purposes of the invention, which are obtained from different trees (hardwood or coniferous) and by different methods (harvesting or mechanical stripping). Preferred raw materials are the bark and bast parts of trees that are resistant to decay, especially hardwoods such as oak, and the bark with 10 to 30% by weight of woody parts.

In order to obtain the platelet-shaped bark material suitable for the present invention, hereinafter referred to as mixture, the raw material obtained by peeling is optionally crushed and then subjected to processes known per se such as sieving, sorting, etc. can be processed by the taxonomy of Equipment suitable for this classification is known to those skilled in the art for the production of building material mixtures. It is also possible to mix bark products obtained from different trees before or after classification.

A deposit may be formed by suitable platelets or pieces of bark material, which may optionally be compressed after preorientation into a layer, in which the vertical section of the layer contains the pieces, mainly the covered ω surface. An orientation approximately parallel to is shown. This is usually the case for pieces having the maximum length and thickness mentioned above. Preferably, the bark material contains little or no fines, e.g.
The content of small pieces is less than 10% by weight.

Since pieces that are too long or too thin are not very suitable, the width:length ratio of the pieces for a significant portion (e.g. 50% by weight or more) should be at least 1:4, whereas the maximum Usually, the ratio is 1:1, because if the ratio is higher than this, 6" width becomes 1" length.

Furthermore, essential and usually at least 50% by weight of the bark material
The smaller surface dimension ("width") of the strip at which it reaches will be at least three times the thickness of the strip.

Preferably, certain portions of the bark material, preferably at least 20 inches and especially at least 50 inches (each by weight) have a maximum thickness of about 3 thresholds and each 30 inches
The classification of particles suitable or preferred for the present invention, consisting of particles having a total surface area larger than 0Ws2, is usually stated in the relevant standard specification and verified by methods such as visual inspection, sieving, etc. This can be carried out according to criteria known per se for the evaluation of the size and shape of the particles as obtained.

Small pieces of bark material SNV standard 670 / 120 g
According to the irregularity index of 10 to 50 (Ungleichfo
rm-1gkeltsindex ) Cu and/or 1
~3 curvature index (Krummungslndex) C
Particularly advantageous are those with c.

The present invention will be explained in further detail based on the accompanying drawings.

The pile plane or bed 10 is located on a base 11, which is the earth, i.e. the naturally exposed ground, which is optionally improved, for example by mechanical hardening or with the aid of a binder. or a substructure, i.e. a deposit located on the ground, which can be improved in the same way as before.

The earth or substructure 11 is leveled in the usual manner (with flatness and slope values typical of playing fields). The filter layer 12 covering this ground or substructure 11 is usually the first deposited layer belonging to the superstructure;
may be covered by a geotextile membrane. Alternatively, drainage facilities (not shown) that may be used are often located within or directly below the filter layer, which is typically made up of earth material or substructure that has become moist and soft after periods of severe cold or prolonged rain. Material is prevented from penetrating into the load layer 13 overlying the filter layer. The load layer has a granular framework that is sufficiently stable to enhance the load carrying capacity of the envelope, and also has pores large enough for rain drainage of the overlying layer.

The provision of a dynamic layer 14 is optional, and such a layer is typically primarily useful for increasing resiliency during vertical loads. Since the coating layer 15 according to the invention has a much higher elasticity compared to conventional compression coatings, the provision of the dynamic layer 14 may possibly be omitted. However, such a dynamic layer 14 can constitute a granulometric transition between the cover layer 15 and the load layer 13 and have an additional water storage function.

Usually the ground or substructure 11 as well as the superstructure layer 12.
13 and optionally 14 may be effected in virtually the same manner and of similar nature to the non-coated counterparts of conventional compression surfaces. Specific specifications for suitable thicknesses and combinations of layers 11-14 may be made, e.g.
Approved by applicable standards such as N18035 or installation guidelines of geotextile vendors.

The surface layer 15 typically has a thickness of 5 to 25 m, but
It may also be thicker and this surface layer 15 may be provided in one step. Preferably, the surface layer 15 is applied in at least two steps, each step comprising deposition with pre-orientation carried out simultaneously or subsequently and compaction, for example by conventional rolling. During the preferred formation of the surface layer 15 in two steps, for the lower layer 152 a relatively "coarse" bark material (e.g. 5NV670/812 m with a particle size of less than 60 pieces, preferably less than 40III+I+) is also used. For the upper layer 151 a relatively fine bark material (e.g. up to 30 m according to SNV 670/812 a, preferably with a particle size of up to 154) can be advantageously used, so that the surface 1 of the upper partial layer 151
On the underside of 50 is formed a bark platelet layer of thickness, e.g. The lower partial layer 152 has a thickness of, for example, 1.
A bark platelet layer of 0-20 cm, typically 15t7n, is formed, which has a coarser texture and a high degree of water permeability.

Typically, the platelet bark material to be used for the surface layer 15 can first be spread loosely and evenly over the layers 13 to 4. By using a relatively flat deposition, ie, a deposition device that does not swirl too vigorously, the loose layer pieces can immediately be given a surface-parallel, constant orientation. In other cases, post-treatment may be performed using a mechanical rake.

The loose pile of bark material for the surface layer 15 and its lower sublayer 152 is then processed by compaction to a loose pile height of the pile itself, typically about 10 to 40 inches, and a thickness of, for example, 30 inches. The compression is carried out, for example, by leveling wheel rollers of approximately 1 t per meter of belt width.

In the preferred two-layer structure of the surface layer 15, a theoretical boundary layer 159, illustrated by a dash-dotted line, appears, in which two parts 11151, 1 with different textures are formed.
52 are adjacent to each other or intermingled with each other.

Finally, after compressing the surface layer 15 to the upper partial layer 151, the entire surface layer 15 is impregnated with water, preferably repeatedly.
~4 liters of water may be required. Preferably, further compaction is carried out between each impregnation stage until a total porosity of approximately 45-70% is achieved and the water permeability value is still not less than 2X 10-' cm/sec. Preferably repeated. The optimum moisture content of the surface layer 15 is approximately 45-50% by weight under normal conditions.

The field 10 according to the invention can now be used immediately as a soccer field. Table IfI consisting of bark material
The specimen obtained at the edge of 4ts is the surface 15 of the surface layer 15.
Parallel to 0, it shows a clear grain or chip orientation.

Known preservative substances can be added to the water used for impregnating the surface layer 15 or to the bark material from which the surface layer 15 is formed.

Powdered elemental sulfur is a preferred additive for this addition practice, e.g. 0.1 to 5 parts, especially 0.5 to 3 parts, and typically about 1 part by weight of the bark material. Added dragon. However, other substances which are practically insoluble in water and which also produce within the surface layer 15 a physiologically acidic pH value of preferably 6 or less and which in any case retard microbiological decomposition. Also suitable are the following substances:

The water used to impregnate the bark material or surface layer 15 includes:
Asahi synthetic binders (e.g. aqueous tar emulsions or PvC emulsions) may be added if desired to effect further curing. However, the use of large amounts of binders as described above is often neither necessary nor advantageous, and rather increases water permeability. This may be accompanied by the disadvantage of severe deterioration in performance. Usually less than 5% by weight, preferably less than 1% by weight of artificial binders are added to the surface layer. Resins, perhaps contained in relatively large amounts in bark materials, are often effective in imparting sufficient strength to the surface layer, but this does not fall among the artificial binders.

Similarly, special preservative substances can also be added to the surface layer 15.
This is not particularly important if the surface layer contains bark material rich in tannins or having a similar preservative effect ("tanbark"), as is typical in hardwoods such as oak.

On the one hand, the invention offers advantages in terms of field construction and maintenance costs, since bark materials are relatively cheap, but the coatings produced with said materials are relatively durable and usually do not require particularly high maintenance costs. Not the 8th committee. Parts of the coating that have come off due to player traffic can often be easily reattached to the layer, for example by means of a netting or by means of rollers, usually without leaving any holes and the depressions are flat, making them relatively dangerous. Not.

Since the swelling potential of the bark material is relatively small, the compacted surface layer 15 does not lose its voids due to swelling. Normally completed table 1? ! 15 is for example determined according to part 5 of DTN 18035, at least 2 x 10-5
It has a water absorption value of cm/sec and a porosity of 45 to 50 volume cm, which can usually be achieved by the bark material or layer installation conditions described above.

Overall, the invention provides notable advantages in use. A typical surface layer 15 of 5 to 20 cm thick produced by the above method, despite having a relatively high rebound resilience, withstands foot traffic virtually perfectly, so that it is comparable to that of soccer. All movement progressions typical of competitive combs remain undisturbed. As a result, the risk of injury due to falls or bumps can be significantly reduced compared to hard fields or hard grass fields, and the risk of abrasions can also be almost eliminated.

Yet another notable advantage of the invention, particularly in the case of soccer fields, is that rain showers just before or during a match usually do not lead to a deterioration of the playing conditions, i.e. no "muddy" formation. It may even be advantageous to water the soccer field according to the invention immediately before the match.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration showing a cross section of a preferred embodiment of a deposited layer surface according to the present invention. 10... Sedimentary layer surface, 11... Earth or substructure,
12...filter, 13...load layer, 14...
・Dynamic 1~. 15...Surface layer to coating, 150
...Surface, 151.152...Partial layer, 159...
・Boundary layer.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] (1) A layer surface for a playing field, in particular a soccer field, having a permeable multilayered superstructure located on the ground or on the substructure, where the superstructure has a layered surface as a covering of the superstructure. The useful surface layer is also water permeable, and at least a major part by weight of this surface layer consists of a bark material that is substantially platelet-like, the pieces of this material having a maximum length of 100 mm and 10 mm.
A sediment layer surface characterized by having a small thickness and being compressed to become a surface layer that can actually withstand the traffic of athletes. (2) the majority of the pieces of bark material are oriented approximately parallel to the surface layer surface, and the majority of the pieces have a weight part of 5+
The deposited layer surface 6(3) according to claim 1, characterized in that the bark material has a thickness of not more than ++i (,)
(b) contains pieces smaller than 6 mm in maximum dimension by at most 10 more than the weight of the material itself, and (b) has a width:length ratio of at least 1:4 up to at least 50% of the weight of the material itself;
and (c) consisting of pieces of at least 50 inches of the weight of the material itself, the width of which is at least 3 times the thickness. The sedimentary layer plane described in . (4) A deposited layer surface according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the surface layer consists essentially entirely of bark material. (5) The surface layer contains a binder in an amount less than 5% of its weight, preferably less than 1% of its weight. Sedimentary layer plane. (6) At least 20%, preferably at least 50% of the weight of the bark material is equal to the maximum thickness of the third throat and 300 wx
, ' (7) The small piece of bark material has the following criteria: (d) The small piece has an irregularity index Cu according to 5NV670/120a of 10 to 50, (,) The small piece has a curvature index CC according to 5NV67 o/120 a. The deposited layer surface according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which satisfies at least one of the following. (8) The surface layer has a water absorption value of at least 2 X 10 cm/sec determined according to Part 5 of DIN 18035 and a water absorption value of 45-50 vol-1, <: 9I! The deposited layer surface according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it has a porosity of I. (9) The bark material mixture is made of 11 (composed of the bark and bast parts of a hard-to-decay tree, especially a broad-leaved tree, and the bark with a woody part of not more than 50% by weight, preferably 10 to 30% by weight, and/or The deposited layer surface according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it contains a preservative additive, preferably elemental sulfur. αq according to claims 1 to 9 A method for producing a layer surface of a superstructure, in which the surface layer of the superstructure is formed by deposition of a bark material mixture, with the particles being pre-oriented during deposition parallel to the horizontal plane from the bottom of the bottle, and then A manufacturing method characterized in that the oriented loose piles are mechanically compacted. Theta force The surface layer is constituted by at least two superimposed partial layers of bark material pieces, each pile being mechanically compressed. Claim 10, characterized in that
The method described in section. (6) A bark material that is sieved less frequently is used for the partial layer located in the upper part of the surface layer than that for the partial layer located in the lower part.
The method described in Section 1.