JPS60130692A - Lubricant for cold working and method of cold working - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a lubricant for cold working which forms a high-quality lubricating film with a high operating efficiency when applied to metals for cold working by coating, prepd. by adding a polyphosphoric acid (salt) and an organic sulfur compd., etc. to a base lubricating oil. CONSTITUTION:The lubricant consists of about 1-5wt% polyphosphoric acid (salt) (e.g. polyphosphoric acid or acidic sodium polyphosphate), about 1-20wt% organic compd. which contains phosphorus (or sulfur or chlorine) (e.g. triphenyl phosphite, dibenzyl sulfide or chlorinated paraffin) and the balance of lubricating oil (e.g. mineral oil). Addition of about 5-15wt% fatty acid (e.g. butanoic or oleic acid) facilitates formation of lubricating film.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Application of the Invention] The present invention relates to plastic processing in which a lubricating film is formed on a metal surface using deformation heat and frictional heat during plastic processing such as cold working. Regarding lubricating oil for use.

[Background of the invention]

A lubricant for plastic working of metals must have sufficient lubrication performance to withstand temperature rises due to deformation heat, frictional heat, etc. during processing, and increase in new surfaces. These lubricants include water-soluble and water-insoluble liquid lubricants whose main ingredients are mineral oil, synthetic oil, or a mixture of these oils, semi-solid lubricants such as metal soap and beef tallow, and sulfur-based and chlorine-based lubricants. ,
A mixture of extreme pressure agents such as phosphorus and solid lubricants such as graphite and molybdenum disulfide is used. The above lubricants can be used in cold working with a low degree of processing, but
In cases where the degree of processing is high at high temperatures and surface pressures, or in molded products having complex shapes, the lubricant may seize due to insufficient load carrying capacity, heat resistance, etc., and is not fully satisfactory. As a lubricant when molding objects with large plastic deformation or complex shapes, methods include plating the surface of the material with a soft metal such as copper, coating it with a synthetic resin film, or using phosphate. Film treatment, bonderite/bonderite treatment such as oxalate film treatment, etc. are used. In order to apply these lubricating coating treatments, there are problems in that sufficient pretreatment is required, and the process of forming the coating is complicated, requiring a great deal of labor and expense. Further, there are problems such as removal of the coating after molding and pollution of the processing waste liquid. In recent years, lubricants containing phosphoric acid and its salts, boric acid and its salts, alkali metal carbonates, nitrates, sulfates and their hydroxides, layered silicates, etc. have been proposed (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 1983-1989)
Publication No. 73089). These lubricants are P2αhB2
02, consists of a water-soluble glass powder containing M2O (M is an alkali metal), a layered silicate, or a mixture of the above and water, so it cannot be used at low temperatures (approximately 300C or less) such as during cold working.
It cannot be used as a lubricant for cold working because it cannot exhibit lubricity. In addition, polyvalent metal cations, orthophosphates, and alkyl aryl matases having 10 to 36 carbon atoms are used as acidic lubricants for cold working when the water content of the lubricant is 20% by weight or less. Or even mineral oil as an additive to the above lubricants.

There are liquid or paste products that contain a mixture of carboxylic acid and alkylamine. Although these fll lubricants show good results in drawing out vibrators, etc., there is a problem in that they do not meet the requirements for machining solid steel materials with a high area reduction rate. Therefore, in order to solve the above problems,
The present inventors previously studied a lubricant for plastic working in which a lubricant oil contains condensed phosphoric acid or a salt thereof and a fatty acid in addition to the condensed phosphoric acid. However, with this lubricant for plastic working, when the degree of processing is high, such as a reduction in area of 75% or more, depending on the processing and forming, if the mold temperature reaches 1000°C or more, the molded product may buckle during knockout and may not be able to be knocked out. It turns out that there are some drawbacks, such as the fact that

After various studies on the cause of this, we found that the mold temperature was 10
It has been found that when the value exceeds 00, the coefficient of friction increases due to insufficient lubricity of the lubricating film formed on the metal base surface during processing.

[Purpose of the invention]

The purpose of the present invention is to significantly improve the lubricity of the lubricating film even under high working conditions with high temperatures and high surface pressures, and to improve the lubricity of the lubricating film under low temperatures. The object of the present invention is to provide a high-performance lubricant for plastic working that has good working performance even in cold working.

[Summary of the invention]

The present invention uses condensed phosphoric acid or its salt and phosphorus in lubricating oil.

By simply supplying a liquid lubricant containing one or more additives selected from a group of organic compounds containing elements selected from sulfur and chlorine to the metal surface or the entire interior, it is possible to reduce the heat of deformation during plastic working. It is designed to form a lubricating film with excellent heat resistance and lubricity on the metal surface by using frictional heat.

In the present invention, the lubricating oil preferably contains a saturated fatty acid or an unsaturated fatty acid to further promote the formation of a lubricating film having excellent heatability and lubricity.

In the present invention, the condensed phosphoric acid or its salt includes polyphosphoric acid, birophosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, acid pyrophosphate,
Examples include acidic polyphosphates and acidic metaphosphates.

Examples of the acid birophosphate include sodium acid pyrophosphate and potassium acid birophosphate; examples of the acid polyphosphate include sodium acid polyphosphate and potassium acid polyphosphate; and examples of the acid metaphosphate include sodium acid metaphosphate. Condensed phosphoric acid or its salt, which is one of the constituents of the lubricant for cold working, is the main factor in forming a lubricant film on the metal surface due to the lubrication, and its blending amount can be adjusted as appropriate depending on the processing conditions. It is possible to influence the amount of reaction for lubricant film formation.

Examples of phosphorus compounds include phosphorous esters and phosphoric esters. Phosphite esters include triphenyl phosphite, tricresyl phosphite, and diphenylnonylphenyl phosphite.

Tris (nonylphenyl) phosphite, triisooctyl phosphite, diphenyl indecyl phosphite, phenyl diisodeflu phosphite, triisodecyl phosphite, trilauryl phosphite, triotadecyl phosphite.

Trioleyl phosphite, trilauryl trithiophosphite, diisodecylhydrodiene phosphite,
Dilaurylhydrodiene phosphite, dioleylhydrodiene phosphite.

Examples include trischloroethyl phosphite, tristridecyl phosphite, dibutylhydrodiene phosphite, and the like. Phosphate esters include trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, tryptoxyethyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate,
Trixylenyl phosphate, cresyl diphenyl phosphate, octyldiphenyl phosphate, xylenyl diphenyl phosphate, trilauryl phosphate, tricetyl phosphate,) IJ stearyl phosphate, trioleyl phosphate.

Dibutyl phosphate, motuputyl phosphate.

Dioctyl phosphate, monoisodecyl phosphate, trischloroethyl phosphate, trischloroethyl phosphate, methyl acid phosphate, isopropyl acid phosphate.

Butyl acid phosphate, octyl acid phosphate, indecyl acid phosphate, lauryl acid phosphate, tridecanol acid phosphate, octadecyl acid phosphate.

Examples include oleyl acid phosphate.

Examples of sulfur compounds include sulfurized oils and fats, sulfurized dipentene, sulfurized impdensate, sulfurized olefin, dibenzyl disulfide, polysulfide, xanthic disulfide,
Examples include di-terbutyl sulfide, diphenyl disulfide, di-n-butyl disulfide, di-ter-nonyl polysulfide, di-n-octyl disulfide, poly-4oxyethylene polysulfide, and the like.

Examples of chlorinated compounds include chlorinated paraffins, chlorinated oils and fats, chlorinated fatty acid esters, pentachlorinated fatty acid esters, and the like.

The lubricating oil contains one or more additives selected from the group of these condensed phosphoric acids or their salts and phosphorus, sulfur, and chlorine compounds. When using mineral oil, ester oil, polyvinyl oil, silicone oil, synthetic oil such as fluorine oil, or a mixture thereof as the lubricating oil, condensed phosphoric acid or its salt is preferably uniformly suspended and dispersed using an emulsifier. Emulsifiers should be selected arbitrarily depending on the nature of the lubricating oil and condensed phosphoric acid or its salts; examples include esters of polymeric succinic acid and polymethacrylates or polymethacrylic acid esters, ethylene/α-olefins, etc. Copolymer, styrene/isobutylene copolymer.

It is effective to use polyimbutylene in combination.

When the lubricating oil is a water-soluble lubricating oil, such as polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, etc., the addition of an emulsifier is not necessary. Therefore, the lubricating oil used in the present invention should be selected depending on processing conditions, processing degree, processing temperature, etc.

A lubricating oil containing one or more selected from condensed phosphoric acid or its salts and phosphorus, sulfur, and chlorine-based compounds is a lubricating oil containing condensed phosphoric acid, phosphorus, and sulfur that are formed on the metal surface due to frictional heat and deformation heat during processing. A lubricating film containing chlorine exhibits excellent lubricating effects under extreme pressure and over a wide temperature range.

In the present invention, condensed phosphoric acid or a salt thereof and phosphorus.

In addition to sulfur and chlorine compounds, it also contains fatty acids.

By using fatty acids together, condensed phosphoric acid and phosphorus or sulfur,
A film made of chlorine, etc. has further improved extreme pressure properties, heat resistance, and lubricity, exhibits excellent processing performance, and is capable of processing more complex molded products.

Fatty acids include butanoic acid, hegyzanic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, tridecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid,
Straight chain fatty acids such as hexadecanoic acid, hebutadecane, octadecanoic acid and 2,4 hexadienoic acid, trans-
2, cis-4 decadienoic acid, 6,10.14-hexadecatrienoic acid, cis-9, cis-12, octadecadienoic acid, cis-9, cjs-12, cis-15
These include unsaturated fatty acids such as octadecatrienoic acid and oleic acid, and dimer acids obtained by trimerizing unsaturated fatty acids by heating or using a catalyst.

In the case of a lubricant for cold working containing a lubricating oil, condensed phosphoric acid or its salt, and an extreme pressure agent containing one or more selected from phosphorus, sulfur, and chlorine compounds, 1 to 10% by weight of the lubricating oil, condensed phosphorus Acid or its salt 1-5% by weight, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine-based extreme pressure agent 2
A range of 20% by weight is desirable. Lubricating oil, condensed phosphoric acid or its salts, and phosphorus.

In the case of a cold working lubricant consisting of sulfur, a chlorine-based extreme pressure agent, and a fatty acid, 1 to 10% by weight of lubricating oil, 1 to 5% by weight of condensed phosphoric acid or its salt, phosphorus, sulfur, or chlorine-based extreme pressure agent. 1-2
0% by weight, preferably 5-15% by weight of fatty acids.

When the die temperature during processing exceeds about 300C, the lubricant for cold working obtained by the present invention may contain graphite, molybdenum disulfide, boron nitride, Teflon, carbon fluoride, etc. as a lubricant. Solid lubricants can be used.

The lubricant of the present invention can be used for spraying and brushing.

The purpose can be achieved by applying it to the surface of the metal material to be cold worked or the surface of the mold by a known method such as brush coating or roll coating.

Further, after heating either the lubricant for cold working of the present invention or the metal material to be cold worked and immersing the metal material in oil to apply a lubricating film treatment to the surface of the metal material,
Since it can also be processed, complicated processes such as conventional film processing are unnecessary, making it extremely simple.

[Embodiments of the invention]

Hereinafter, the effects of the cold working lubricant of the present invention will be shown by Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Example 1 As shown in Fig. 1, a cylindrical chromium-molybdenum steel (80M
A lubricant for cold working having the composition shown in Table 1 was applied to the surface of Material 1 of No. 415). Next, as shown in Fig. 2, the material 1 was processed by the forward extrusion method using a mold (made of carbide 6) with an extrusion angle of 120 squares and a drawing diameter of φ5 (section reduction rate of 75%) and a punch 3. Processing performance was evaluated. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2. The evaluation method for machining performance was as follows: A band heater 4 was attached to the mold 2, and the mold temperature was raised stepwise from room temperature by 5 to 110C.
Each piece was processed and the highest mold temperature at which no seizure occurred on the surface of the processed material was measured. The higher the temperature, the better the processing performance of the lubricant. In addition, the following examples were compared and contrasted with those of the present invention.

Comparative Example 1 (Commercially available processing oil) Pace oil: Mineral oil Remaining amount Comparative Example 2 Polyphosphoric acid (84% as P2O3): 5% by weight approx. 30
% iron phosphate = 1 wt% Oleyl alcohol: 2 wt% Mineral oil (40C viscosity 150C5t) 265 wt 1% oleyl/acid = 20 wt% Oleylamine = 5 wt% Water -2 wt% Regarding comparative examples 1 and 2 The processing performance was also evaluated in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 16. These results are shown in Table 2.

As is clear from Table 2, the cold working lubricant of the present invention (
It can be seen that compositions A1-16) significantly improve workability. In addition, the same applies to the material 1 shown in FIG. 1 which was heated to 100C using the cold Loe lubricants of Examples 1, 10 and 14, and was immersed in the above lubricant oil to form a lubricating film. As a result of evaluating the machining performance, as shown in Table 2, good machining performance was shown.

Example 2 Using the same mineral oil as the base oil, mold, and materials as in Example 1, the machining performance of a cold working lubricant having the composition shown in Table 3, including pyrophosphoric acid, sodium acid birophosphate, and sulfur compounds, was evaluated. evaluated. The evaluation results are also listed in Table 3. As is clear from the results in Table 3, the cold working lubricant of the present invention provided better machining performance than the comparative example shown in Table 2.

Example 3 Cold working using a mineral oil base oil having the same viscosity as Example 1, a mold, and materials, using pyrophosphoric acid and acidic sodium pyrophosphate, and having a composition shown in Table 4 using this and a chlorine-based compound. The machining performance of the lubricant was evaluated. 4th evaluation result
Also listed in the table. As is clear from the results in Table 4, the cold working lubricant of the present invention provided better machining performance than the comparative example shown in Table 2.

Example 4 Mineral oil having the same viscosity as Example 1 was used as base oil and mold,
Using a material, one or more types of condensed phosphoric acid or its salts and phosphorus,
The processing performance of cold working lubricants having the compositions of sulfur, chlorine compounds, and fatty acids shown in Table 5 was evaluated. The evaluation results are shown in the 6th
It was shown differently.

As is clear from the results in Table 6, the cold working lubricant of the present invention had better working performance than the comparative example shown in Table 2. In addition, when 20% by weight of a chlorine-based compound was blended, when the processed product was stored indoors (at room temperature and left in the atmosphere), rust formation was observed on the processed surface after 1 to 2 days of storage. However, in the case of 5% by weight, slight spot rust was observed after being left for 5 to 7 days.5 Table 6 Example 5 Polyphosphoric acid, phosphorus, sulfur, and chlorine compounds and synthetic oil were used as base oil. In order to evaluate the processing performance in this case, the additives shown in Table 7 were blended, and the effects of the additives depending on the type of base oil were examined in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are also listed in Table 7.

As is clear from the results in Table 7, it can be seen that all base oils exhibit good processing performance.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, according to the present invention, cold processing is performed by adding one or more compounds selected from condensed phosphoric acid or its salts and one or more compounds selected from phosphorus, sulfur, and chlorine compounds to a lubricating oil. A lubricant for cold working or a lubricant for cold working consisting of the above lubricant composition with the addition of a fatty acid can improve heat resistance and lubricity by simply applying it to the surface of the material or the machined surface of the mold. An excellent lubricating film is formed and works effectively to prevent seizure, which simplifies the processing process and greatly contributes to reducing nX product costs.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is a side view of an example of a material for cold working, Figure 2! ″i
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a mold of a cold working apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention for processing the material shown in FIG. 1; 1...Material, 2...Violet shape, 3...Punch, 4...
・Band heater. Sumi 1 Shino? ”Continued from Figure 1st page QInt, CI, 4 Identification code Office reference number @ Inventor Toshikazu Narahara Inside Hitachi Juwa 3-chome

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. At least one selected from condensed phosphoric acid or a salt thereof
A lubricant for cold working, characterized in that it contains a seed compound and an organic compound containing at least one element selected from phosphorus, sulfur, and chlorine. 2. The lubricant for cold working according to claim 1, further comprising a fatty acid. 3. A cold working lubricant is applied to the surface of the metal material to be subjected to cold plastic working or the processing surface of the mold opposite thereto, and a lubricant film is formed on the metal surface using the heat generated during processing. In the machining method, the lubricating film contains at least one compound selected from condensed phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, and an organic compound containing at least one element selected from phosphorus, sulfur, and chlorine. cold working method.