JPS60128847A - Semiconductor motor with induction output as position detection signal - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To increase the output torque by alternately conducting transistors to control the energization of armature coils. CONSTITUTION:A transistor 26b is conducted through a capacitor 30 by closing an electric switch 31 to conduct an armature coil E. Accordingly, a magnet rotor is moved leftward at 90 deg. and held. Then, the base current of a transistor 29 is interrupted by a time constant circuit, and the armature coil is energized. Accordingly, a magnet rotor is driven leftward. A transistor 26a is conducted by the induction output of the coil E to energize an armature coil D. A magnet rotor is rotated by a drive torque even by the energization. Subsequently, the coils D, E are alternately conducted by the opponent induction outputs to obtain a subsequent drive torque.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a two-phase semiconductor motor that does not use special position sensing elements such as Hall elements.

Using cogging, the initial position of the magnet rotor is specified and localized, and when the power is turned on, the position sensing element (l)
Hall elements are generally used. ) according to the output, 1
A semiconductor motor that rotates by energizing phase armature coils is well known as a drive source for small fan motors. However, although such electric motors have the advantage of being simple in construction, low cost, and lightweight, they have several drawbacks as described below.
Uses are limited.

First, the starting torque is small. Second, it is extremely inefficient. Third, the output torque ripple is large. Fourthly, the output torque is relatively small.

The device of the present invention is characterized by preserving the above-mentioned advantages and eliminating the disadvantages.

Therefore, in addition to being used as a fan motor, it can be used, for example, as an electric motor for driving a floppy disk, a carburetor tongue motor, and a turntable driving motor.

An electric motor with a magnetic core and a coreless electric motor to which the present invention is applied will be explained with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.

Figure 1 shows a coreless type, and the disk-shaped magnetic body 2 is
This serves as the magnetic path (yoke) of the magnet rotor 5. An armature coil 6 is placed on top of the magnetic body 3. The armature coil 6 is generally fan-shaped, and has four pieces.
They are arranged radially. As the magnetic body 3, soft ferrite is used. In addition, in order to increase the strength and make it easier to press-fit the cylindrical housing 8 that will become the shaft bearing part described later, the dot part 3 is
As shown in a, the fixed armature can also be constructed by embedding the magnetic body 3 and the armature coil 6 in a plastic material by injection molding. In the case of a small output torque, the yoke 3 can be removed and the armature coil 6 can be embedded and molded in a plastic material to be used as a disc-shaped armature. In this case, the field magnetic flux is 1 part 2
However, since the number of turns of the armature coil 6 can be increased, that is, the thickness direction is not limited by the yoke 3, the decrease in the magnetic field can be compensated for. It is sufficiently practical for small-sized motors with low output.

Symbol 5 is the magnet rotor that should become the field.
Details of this are shown in FIG. In other words, a disc-shaped ferrite magnet has N and S poles 5 a with an opening angle of 45 degrees.
, 5b, 5c, 5d, .-"' are arranged in an alternately magnetized manner.

The magnet cotrotor 5 is attached to a disc-shaped magnetic plate 2 so that its rotation center corresponds to the rotation axis 1 in FIG. 1. Further, the central portion of the magnetic plate 2 is fixed to the upper part of the rotating shaft 1. The output of the electric motor can be output from the upper part of the rotating shaft 1. In the case of a turntable, the upper end of the rotating shaft 1 has a tapered portion, into which the turntable on which the record is placed is fitted. It may also be a capstan. In the case of a floppy disk, a mounting portion is provided. Also, it may be a small fan motor.

The housing 8 has a cylindrical shape and is press-fitted into the central hole of the yoke 3 and the plaster material 3a. The lower end 1b of the rotating shaft l is rotatably supported by steel poles 10a and 10b, and the upper end is supported by oilless bearings 9a and 9b.
It is widely supported. Such bearings may be of any known means. The internal dot portion 12 of the housing is filled with lubricating oil.

The one shown in Figure 3 is an example of an electric motor with a core, symbol 1
Reference numeral 4 denotes an armature made of a flat magnetic material made of laminated disk-shaped silicon steel plates, and a slot, a portion of which is indicated by the symbol 14a, is provided at the periphery of the armature. Further, a two-phase armature coil is installed in the slot, but it is not shown.

The above-described disk-shaped magnetic body and armature coil constitute a fixed armature 14, the upper surface of which is fastened to the lower surface of the main body deck 13.

A cylindrical bearing 15 is fitted into the central hole of the armature 14 . The upper surface of the cylindrical bearing 15 is covered with a rubber seal cap 16 to prevent oil leakage, and the lower surface is also provided with a camp-shaped bottom plate 15b (indicated by dotted lines) for the same purpose.
is crowned. Note that the symbol 13a is a hole.

The rotating shaft l is rotatably supported by a cylindrical bearing 15, and a rotor 17 made of a cylindrical mild steel plate is attached to the lower end of the rotating shaft l.
The central part of the rotor 170 is fixed, and the inner surface of the circumferential part of the rotor 170 has a
A magnet rotor 18 (ring-shaped) is attached to the outer periphery of the armature 14 while maintaining a gap therebetween.

Therefore, the magnetic flux of the magnet rotor 18 penetrates the armature coil in the slot to generate rotational torque and constitute an outer rotor type electric motor.

In FIG. 4, a plan view of the armature 14, rotor 17, and magnet rotor 18 is shown with the same symbols as in FIG. 3.

The magnet rotor 18 is provided with N and S magnetic poles with an opening angle of 90 degrees, and the armature 14 is provided with a slot) 14a.
.

14b1... (one part is indicated by a dotted line) is provided, and although not shown, Slon) 14a, 14b
.

...... is equipped with a two-phase armature coil.

The symbol 19 is a hole into which the bearing 15 shown in FIG. 3 is press-fitted.

The rotating plate 1a is fixed to the rotating shaft 1, and a load F such as a magnetic disk can be placed thereon.

What is shown in FIG. 5 shows the armature coil and armature shown in FIG. 1 using the same symbols. Symbol 3b is a hole,
This is a hole into which a housing (shaft bearing part) 8 is press-fitted.

In FIG. 5, fan-shaped coils 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d
The opening angle of the conductor section effective for the torque of is 45 degrees, which is the same as the width of the field magnetic pole. The arrangement of the armature coils in Figure 5 is shown in Figure 6.
This will be explained using figures. The armature coil shown in FIG. 5 will be explained with reference to the developed view in FIG. 6.

FIG. 6 is a developed view of the armature coil and magnet rotor. In the case of two-phase armature coils, the armature coils 6a, 6e, 6c, and 6f are separated from each other by 90 degrees in electrical angle. Therefore, although they overlap, in order to configure the armature flatly, the armature coil 6e is moved to the position 6b, and the armature coil 16f is moved to the position 6d, that is, to the same phase position.゛7- This is to eliminate the dead center during excitation, and its details will be explained in Fig. 7.

One-phase armature coils are designated by symbols 6a and 6e, and other one-phase armature coils are designated by symbols 6b and 6d.

Although each phase has two coils, the same effect can be obtained even if the intermediate tap is derived and used by dividing into two coils.

Next, regarding FIG. 7(a), armature coils 6 a, 6
The energization control circuit of c. Armature coils A and B represent the above-mentioned coils 6a and 6c, respectively.

In FIG. 7(a), as voltage is applied through the terminals 22a and 23a, the transistor 25a becomes conductive and the armature coil A (6a) is energized in the direction of the arrow. When a driving torque is thereby obtained and the armature coil B (6c) is rotating, an induced output in the direction of the arrow is obtained in the armature coil B (6c).

8- The bridge circuit consisting of four resistors including armature coil B is adjusted to be balanced in the absence of the above-mentioned induced output.

When there is an induced output in the direction of the arrow, the output of the operational amplifier 11 becomes a negative level, so the transistor 25b is kept non-conductive.

Since the direction is reversed, the output of the operational amplifier 11 is converted to a positive level. Therefore, since transistor 25M+E1 is passed through, the base voltage of transistor 25a drops and becomes non-conductive.

As described above, the energization of armature coils A and H is alternated.

When the armature coil enters the next magnetic field, armature coil B
Since the induced output of is restored and becomes in the direction of the arrow, the output of the operational amplifier 11 changes to a negative level and the output of the transistor 2
5b is made non-conductive. Accordingly, transistor 25a becomes conductive, alternating energization of armature coil A1B and generating a subsequent drive torque.

As understood from the above description, when the magnet rotor 5 is started in one direction by a well-known means, a one-phase semiconductor motor rotating in that direction can be obtained. As mentioned above, even if the energization of the armature coils A and B is controlled using the Hall element without using the inductive output, 1
A semiconductor motor that rotates in the direction can be constructed.

Such an electric motor can be similarly configured in either a coreless case or a coreless case.

However, it has the following drawbacks. First, of course, the starting torque is small. Second, it is inefficient. The reason for this is as follows. That is, the armature coil is energized even when there is no magnetic field (at the boundary between the N and S magnetic poles).

At this time, since there is no back electromotive force, an excessive armature current flows, significantly increasing copper loss.

The disadvantage is that such losses become significantly large when the output is large. Thirdly, as will be described later, the torque ripple is large. Fourth, the output torque is small compared to the size of the configuration. Next, the means of the present invention for eliminating such drawbacks will be explained.

In FIG. 7(b), armature coils D and E indicate armature coils 6b and 6d, respectively, in FIG. 6(a). Further, the terminals 23b and 22b are power supply positive and negative terminals.

Transistors 26a, 26b and armature coil D1E constitute a flip-flop circuit.

Therefore, when the armature coil E has an induced output in the direction of the arrow, the base input of the transistor 26a is obtained, the armature coil D is energized in the direction of the arrow, and the armature coil E
However, when it enters the next magnetic field, the direction of the induced output reverses, so that transistor 26a turns non-conducting. Therefore, transistor 26b becomes conductive, and armature coil E is energized. In this way, a seesaw circuit is constructed in which the energization of the armature coils D and E is automatically alternated, so that continuous driving torque in one direction can be obtained. However, it cannot be started automatically. In other respects, this circuit has the same points and drawbacks as the circuit shown in FIG. 7(a) described above.

11- Since there is no need to provide a separate position detection device, there is an added advantage that both can be manufactured at low cost.

The control circuits shown in FIGS. 7(a) and (b) are generally used by connecting them in parallel to the power supply, but in the device of the present invention, the control circuits shown in FIG. 7(c) are connected to the power supply in parallel. Terminal 22a122
For b, the electric circuit 27 (shown in FIG. 7(a))
and electric circuit 28 (shown in FIG. 7(b)) are connected in series. When the electric switch 31 is turned on for startup, the time constant (1 to 2
Since the transistor 29 is conductive for a period of time (on the order of seconds), the electric circuit 28 is short-circuited for only that time. The electric circuit including the capacitor 34 and the transistor 29 is shown by the same symbol in FIG. 7(a).

Since the terminal 36 in FIG. 7(b) indicates the point with the same symbol in FIG. 7(e), when the electric switch 31 is closed, the transistor 26 is
b becomes conductive, and armature coil E (6d) is energized.

Therefore, as described above, the base current of the transistor 29 is cut off by the time constant circuit (the circuit including the capacitor 34) in FIG. Since it is released, the circuit shown in FIG. 7(a) is energized. Therefore, due to the induced output of armature coil E (6d) on armature coil A (6a), transistor 26a
becomes conductive, and the armature coil D (6b) is energized. This energization causes the magnet rotor 5 to rotate in response to driving torque in the direction of arrow C. After this, the energization of the armature coils D and E is alternated depending on the induction output of the other, and a continuous driving torque is obtained. Similarly, in the armature coils A and B, energization of the armature coil ASB is also alternated based on the induced output of the armature coil B, so that a continuous driving torque can be obtained.

The circuit including capacitors 30 and 34, which serve as a time constant circuit, is
Monostable circuits can be used.

Further, the above-mentioned time constant values are approximately equal, or the time constant including the capacitor 34 is slightly larger than the time constant including the capacitor 30.

As mentioned above, in each of the electric circuits 27, 28, an armature current flows even in the absence of a magnetic field, and since there is no back electromotive force at this time, a large armature current flows.

This tendency is more pronounced as the motor outputs larger, leading to serious drawbacks such as increased copper loss, deterioration of efficiency, and unusability.

However, according to the electric circuit shown in Figure 7(C), armature coils A and B and armature coil DSE are connected in series, so when the back electromotive force of the former is zero, the back electromotive force of the latter is maximum. Since these values are added to form a total back electromotive force, the above-mentioned drawbacks are effectively eliminated. Furthermore, it has the effect of reducing torque ripple and increasing output torque.

Next, a case will be described in which the present invention is applied to an electric motor with a core.

FIG. 6(b) is a developed view of the armature coil and magnet rotor of the motor shown in FIG. 3.4.

In FIG. 6(b), the armature coil 21a is the fourth
It is attached to slots 14a and 14c in the figure. Similarly, armature coils 21b, 21c, 21d, -21h are
slots 14b, 14d and slots 14c, 14e and slots 14d, 14f and slots 14e, 14g and slots 14f, 14h and slots 14g, 14a and y, a 7, respectively.
It is attached to 4b.

The armature coil 21a and the armature coil 21e are connected in series or in parallel to form the armature coil A in FIG. B, armature coils 21b and 21
f is also connected in the same way as armature coil D, and armature coils 21 d and 21 h are also connected in the same way to form armature coil E.

After a predetermined period of time, the figure 2 (C) in Figure 7 (C) is displayed.
5- The effect is that the same capacitor 34 as in the coreless motor described above is used as two sets of time constant circuits, but only the time constant circuit including the capacitor 34 is used, the capacitor 30 is removed, and the dotted line G is used. The same purpose can be achieved by making the transistor 26b included in the electric circuit 29 conductive by the output of the transistor 29 through the conductor shown in FIG.

The above-mentioned means is also applicable to an internal rotor type electric motor in which the magnet rotor is inside the fixed armature.

The graph in FIG. 8 shows a torque curve, and curve 32
a, 32 b, 32 c, ... are due to one-phase armature coil/l/A, H, curve 33
a, 33b, 33c.

. . . is caused by the other one-phase armature coils D and E.

The electrical path shown in FIG. 7(a) achieves the same purpose even if the design name is changed as shown below.

First, the electric circuit 28 is of the same type as that shown in FIG. 7(a). That is, both the electric circuits 27 and 28 have the same type. Therefore, armature coil A becomes armature coil 6b, and armature coil B becomes armature coil 6d. Therefore, by closing the electric switch 31, a base input is obtained from the terminal 24 (shown in FIG. 7(a)) via the capacitor 30, the transistor 25b becomes conductive, and the armature coil 6d is energized. Transition 32゜9ka8 non-conducting,
Chemical L? C,! : The electric machine A (6a) is energized, and at the same time, the armature coil 6d is de-energized, so the armature coil 6b is energized. armature coil 6
Upon energization of a and 3b, the magnet rotor 5 is started in the direction of arrow C, and then rotational torque in the same direction is continuously generated, and the magnet rotor 5 is operated as a two-phase semiconductor motor.

The embodiment of the second gourd includes electrical circuits 27 and 28, respectively.
This is the case with the electric circuit format shown in FIG. 7(b) and FIG. 7(a).

In this case, armature coils D and E become armature coils 6a and 6c, respectively, and armature coil A1B becomes armature coils 6b and 6d, respectively.

By closing the electric switch 31, the output via the capacitor 30 is inputted from the terminal 24 (shown in FIG. 7(a)), conducts the transistor 25b, and connects the armature coil 6d.
is energized, and the magnet rotor 5 is moved 90 degrees to the left and held. After a predetermined time, transistor 29 becomes non-conductive and transistor 25b also becomes non-conductive, so that armature coil 6b is energized. Also, Figure 7 (
In the electric circuit b), since the transistor 29 becomes non-conductive, the power supply is connected to the base of the transistor 26a.
Since the trigger pulse input is provided through the capacitor, the transistor 26a becomes conductive and the armature coil 6a is energized. Therefore, it is started and operated as a two-phase semiconductor motor in the same manner as in the previous embodiment.

The third kite embodiment is the electric circuit 27.28 shown in FIG. 7(c).
This is the case where both of them take the form of the electric circuit shown in FIG. 7(b). Therefore, the armature coil D1E of the electric circuit 27 is
The armature coils 6a and 6c are the armature coils 6a and 6c, and the armature coils D and E of the electric circuit 28 are the armature coil 6b.

6d.

When the electric switch 31 is closed, the transistor 26b becomes conductive via the capacitor 30, and the armature coil 6d
is energized, the magnet rotor 5 is moved 90 degrees to the left and held, and when the transistor 29 becomes non-conductive after a predetermined time, a voltage is applied to the electric circuit 27, and at the same time, A trigger pulse is introduced as a base input into the transistor 26a of the electric circuit 27, as in the second embodiment, so that it becomes conductive and thus the armature coil 6a is energized. Further, since this trigger pulse is input to the base of the transistor 26a of the electric circuit 28, the armature coil 6b is energized by the conduction of the transistor 26a.

Therefore, it is started and operated as a two-phase semiconductor motor in the same manner as in the previous embodiment.

The means for obtaining the above-mentioned trigger electric pulse may be, for example,
By the following means: In Fig. 7(C), capacitor 3
When 7a137b is connected as shown by the dotted line, when the transistor 29 changes from a conductive state to a non-conductive state,
Terminal 37 is from which a positive trigger electric pulse can be obtained.

As described above, the present invention achieves the object stated at the beginning and is highly effective.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a coreless electric motor according to the present invention, and FIG.
The figure is an explanatory diagram of the magnetic rotor, the third A is an explanatory diagram of the electric motor with a core according to the present invention, and the fourth figure is an explanatory diagram of the magnetic rotor.
Similarly, an explanatory diagram showing details of the magnet rotor and fixed armature, FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the fixed armature of the motor of FIG. 1, and FIG. 6 is a developed diagram of the magnet rotor and armature coil. FIG. 7 is a energization control circuit diagram of the armature coil, and FIG. 8 is a graph of an output torque curve. 1... Rotating shaft, 18.2.5... Magnet rotor, 3-: 3-ri, 6.6 a, 6 b, 6 c, 6 d
, 21a. 21b1...21hX A, B, D, E...
Armature coil, 9b, 10a, 10b, 15・
... Bearing member, 8... Cylindrical housing, 5a, 5b... Magnetic pole, F... Load, 13... Main body deck, 17...
- Mild steel rotor, 19... Holes, 14a, 14b,
...14h-y, o yto, 22a, 22
b. 23a, 23b...power supply voltage negative electrode, 25a, 25b,
26a. 26b, 29...Transistor, 31...Electric switch, 27.28...Electricity control electric circuit (Fig. 7(a)
), those shown in (b)), 11... operational amplifier. Patent Applicant No. 4 Tea 2 Country 3 Figure 4 Sonoki Jin 0') (■

Claims (1)

[Claims] In a semiconductor motor comprising a fixed armature and a magnetic rotor to which two-phase armature coils, a first phase and a second phase, are attached, the first phase armature is attached to the fixed armature, and the first phase armature A second phase armature coil is provided at a position separated by 90 electrical degrees from the coil, and the first and second armatures constitute the first phase armature coil and are energized only in the l direction. coil, and a third phase which constitutes the armature coil of the second phase and is energized only in one direction.
, the fourth armature coil and the first and second armature coils are connected in series to the first and second transistors and the inductive output so as to control the energization of the first and second armature coils.
A first energization control circuit that alternately conducts the second transistor to generate driving torque in the l direction, and is connected in series to each of the third and fourth armature coils so as to control energization of the third and fourth armature coils. A second energization control circuit generates a driving torque in one direction by alternately conducting the third and fourth transistors and the inductive output; 2, a series connection circuit between the energization control circuit and the DC power supply, and only for a predetermined time at startup.
A short-circuit circuit that shorts the first energization control circuit and holds it inactive, and a short circuit that holds the fourth transistor in a conductive state for a time that is approximately equal to or slightly longer than the above-mentioned predetermined time, and releases the conductive state. 1. A semiconductor motor using an induced output as a position detection signal, characterized in that the semiconductor motor is configured with a third energization control circuit in which at least the first transistor is automatically turned on.