JPS60119482A - Radar equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To reduce the number of antenna elements by arranging antenna elements only in a part of a planar array antenna and constituting a monopulse array for vertical precision measurement and a monopulse array for horizontal precision measurement individually. CONSTITUTION:The monopulse array for vertical precision measurement consisting of the first array 1a and the second array 1b is long in the lengthwise direction and generates a beam of long in the sideways direction of narrow vertical beam width/wide horizontal beam width. The monopulse array for horizontal precision measurement consisting of the first array 1c and the second array 1d is long in the sideways direction and generates a beam of long in the lengthwise direction of wide vertical beam width/narrow horizontal beam width. Beam scanning angle control and timing are sent to a beam controlling circuit 8 by a reference signal generating circuit 10 basing on the command from an information processing circuit 18 to direct to an object conforming the direction of center of the two beams and combining them crosswise. Then, an amount of a phase shifter setting is calculated, and transmitted to a group of phase shifters 2a-2d through a phase shifter driving circuit 7.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a two-dimensional electronically scanned array radar that directs an antenna beam in any direction in the horizontal plane and in the dark.

[Prior art]

Typical examples of Naruko scanning array radars include: (1) Classification by beam scanning method (1) One-dimensional scanning blade method (electronic scanning only in the vertical or horizontal plane) (2) Two-dimensional scanning Method 2: Method 2: Constantly scan the vertical plane, that is, within a three-dimensional space. Classification by beam scanning means 111 Phase scanning array radar (2) Liquid receiving scanning array sodar (3) Phase・Same wave number composite scanning array radar (4)
Others 8. Classification by transmission power generation method H1 Passive method C Concentrated generation method using high-power transmitter electronic sound) (2) Active method (Each antenna element that configures the antenna curve has a sender awakening power generation function. Dispersion generation method) There is also a one-overlapping method, but here we will change the appearance shown in Fig. 1, form the antenna with a sub-array as shown in Fig. 8, and have the function shown in Fig. 5. Depending on the system, the eight-dimensional space shown in FIG. 2 can be directed in any direction.

■Single-beam monopulse two-dimensional - child scanning method ■In the case of passive method Take the gold side and perform the following d explanation 〇 In Figure 1, a planar array antenna with grooves formed by a group of antenna elements arranged in M rows and N columns horizontally. It shows. In actual design, thin
ninQ f If, and the number of antenna f elements decreases accordingly.

Figure 2 shows that the third-dimensional total antenna beam (horizontal beam θl, -@direct beam [咄φ1 is (1), from the exclusive first start (i+1) → (i+2) → (i+a) 1l shell shows a situation where it is arbitrarily oriented.

FIG. 8 shows all the sub-arrays 1 for performing monopulse one-law angles in the horizontal plane and in the m1 plane, respectively.

That is, subarrays la, lb, lQ,
The hybrid configuration of ld allows monopulse processing between (la + lb) (lc + ld) --- angle measurement within one seedling vertically 121 (la + ld) (lb + lc 1) monopulse processing - angle measurement within the horizontal plane is possible. shall be.

Next, I will explain the previous work.

In FIG. 5, the first local oscillation signal and the first local oscillation wave number generated in the reference signal generation circuit (10) are mixed with the same wave number in the transmitter (9) to become a transmission signal, which is then transferred to the transmitter/receiver switch. (
+l)k is divided into 4 parts in the hybrid (6), 1st distribution circuit (8a), 2nd distribution circuit (8b), 3rd distribution 1 possible 1if4 (8c), 4th distribution circuit m(3(L) )
N! each pIqlrI6 was distributed to
The phase shifter group (2a), the second phase shifter group (sb), the phase shifter group (2c), and the fourth phase shifter group (2d) are given a predetermined position (scale interval). (lal, second array (l
b), 8th array (lc).

radiated into space from the fourth array in).

Here, a hybrid (elH) is combined to create a four-open lomonobarus as described in this specification.
This is a well-known circuit for configuring an array.

Also, four sub-arrays (la, lb, lc
, 1+1) The total number of antenna elements is p* q+
The expression ``rr'', which is generally different from ``day'', is used in consideration of the difference that occurs in d when thinning is performed by statistical processing.

The above phase shifter group (2a, gb, 1llc, 2
The phase setting amount in d) is based on the beam scanning angle control (beam center elevation M (@o), direction (θ0) and timing are sent to the beam control circuit (8), and each phase shifter group (2a) is sent to the beam control circuit (8).

It is calculated corresponding to fAb, 2Q, l1l (1) and is given via the phase shifter drive circuit (7).

The transmitted signal radiated in this way in a predetermined direction is partially reflected by the target, and each array (la, lb
, lc, ld), each phase shifter group (2a, 2b, 2
c, 1. ), each distribution circuit (8a, 8bac,
aa) becomes the input to the hybrid (6) via f.

In the hybrid 16), when each array is arranged as shown in Figure 8, it acts to produce the following eight outputs.

σ) I11 sum signal ------- & array (la, lb,
lc, ld) Total sum of inputs 12 + 41iai: Accurate measurement --1--Difference between the sum of inputs of the next two arrays (ΔV) (1) 1 array (la) + 2nd array ( Ib) (11) Third array (1c) Tenth fourth array (la) I (ld) (11) Second array (xb) Tenth third array (IC) Among the outputs of the above 8th array, the sum output ( The station is connected to a transmitter/receiver switch (Il).
The Japanese signal system was received and inputted via l', and the
The precision measurement difference signal (ΔV) and the horizontal precision measurement source signal (ΔH) are input to the red signal (4V) system receiver and the difference signal (ΔH) system receiver, respectively.

Since the reception processing has the same function for each signal system, the phase signal system will be representatively explained.

First, the sum output is low-noise amplified in the Naomeha Soikkaku circuit (18a), and mixed with the O5 local oscillation direction wave number from the reference No. 1 generation circuit (10) in the O/O mixing circuit (t4a). l Yu, Fang 2 mixed times @(15a) converted to intermediate same wave number 1b
), it is mixed with the second local oscillation signal from the pattern quasi-signal generating circuit [10), and is converted to the second intermediate wave number No. 18. ij Same wave term width, same wave path width 1 river path), the wheat that was sent to the stage 1, becomes the moving target detection circuit (17a1 input).

The moving target detection circuit (17a) is a general VCM construction T (M
This is called an IMicator, which eliminates unnecessary reflected waves (clutter) from the ground surface, weather, etc. in response to the same wave number of repeated pulses generated by the basic signal generation circuit (10). I am looking at the filter to be deleted.

The output of this hyperactive target 4 salient time 1 common (17a) is composed of amplitude information (1Σ1) and phase information (S (force)).

Similarly for the difference signal system, 1!5LJlh target detection de-1
As outputs of paths (17b) and (17c), difference signal output for umbrella direct measurement---1Δvl, 8(ΔV
)・Horizontal ellipse difference No. 16 output 1-1ΔH1,S(ΔH
) 〇These phase signals (gradient, difference signals (ΔV), (ΔH) are sent to the information processing circuit (1 barrel), and monopulse processing is performed to calculate the arrival angle of the reflected wave from the target (θ), elevation angle ( 8 after inserting φ)
Dimensional target position d information (distance R9 azimuth θ.

Obtain altitude H).

Regarding the distance R, it is a known technique that is exclusively used by measuring the delay time from the transmission trigger of the reference signal generation circuit)lO)η, and the range clock 1+reflection signal 1d from the transmission trigger. be.

The target azimuth angle (θ) and target elevation angle (ψ) data are acquired using monopulse processing, but since both use the same method,
The target elevation angle (ψ) will be explained below with reference to Fig. 6.

Ai No. 16 (i:) and Sho No. 1 (ΔV) follow the antenna pattern and have a level relationship as shown in Figure O6 + a), but debt processing times v! In rt181, the normalized error output (ΔpΣ) is calculated as shown in Figure 6+b+.

− product < I (one corner is the samurai in the same figure (al V(g in
/Σ1 from the same figure +b+ From VC, beam center elevation angle Cf
21 = Obtain the eccentric multi-elevation shore (Δψ) from (21O).

The target elevation angle ψ is determined from this Δ button and the beam center elevation angle 1 direction (ψ=−〇) from the reference 18 generation path tlo).

ψ=-〇1Δψ Here, S(ΔV/Σ)i described in Fig. 1b+
−1: Next S(VΣ)=S(Δv−8(Σ) The target azimuth angle (θ) is also obtained by the same process.

Target height &(B) is calculated by the following equation.

H; 1 (ψ, R, HO) Here, H: Target altitude V: Function R: Target j night departure required: 11 rinto'+ @ Conventional two-dimensional E-element scanning array radar as described above In this method, a planar array antenna is used in which the antenna elements are arranged on the entire plane, but compared to a one-dimensional array antenna, the number of anti-elements is enormous, and the biggest drawback is high cost and large scale. .

For example, a one-dimensional array antenna requires several lO antenna elements, whereas a two-dimensional array antenna requires M=
The number of antenna elements is N - several 10, and the number of antenna elements can be as low as several thousand.

[Summary of the invention]

This invention was made in order to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks of the conventional one, and instead of placing the antenna elements all over the entire surface of the planar array antenna, antenna elements are placed only in a part! By aligning and interlocking the orientation direction (center azimuth angle/elevation angle) of the antenna pattern that is shaped by the inner array, it is possible to obtain the same degree of reception. The object of the present invention is to provide a radar device that can achieve the same fill in azimuth and elevation angles as a signal strength using a monochrome array antenna with a significantly smaller number of antenna elements.

[Implementation sequence of the invention]

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

The off-line diagram uses only a part of the planar array antenna without using the entire surface.
)12) Horizontal precision measurement array-Mi N Evening IJ (m<
< M ) is composed of two array antennas 'tJ.
Figure 4 shows that these two array antennas each form an array for +11=pli precision 1] sub-array (
ia), (lb) monopulse antenna system (2) Horizontal precision measurement array - 1 - sub-array (IO>
, (ld) shows that there are four components in the monopulse antenna system.

In the actual design, as in Fig. 1, thinning is applied, and the number of antenna elements to be included is correspondingly reduced. The antenna beams of all two array antennas in the area match the beam center azimuth and elevation angles, and move from the (1)th target to (1+1)i+
2)-(i+3)-, the situation is shown in which the directions are arbitrarily directed in sequence. FIG. 9 shows a Tawarano system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Next, I will explain about the first work V.

In FIG. 9, corresponding to the sub-array in FIG. 4, (1) sub array (la) - 417 rays (mononorus array for 4-direction precision measurement) (2) sub-array (lb) - 1- Second array (/l
) (3) Sub-array 111---Ol array (Monopa array for measuring water 9) 14) Sub-array (1a)-1-2nd array (l/)
The 9 polyphase device group distributions (town streets are connected in pairs; hybrid i41, i5) are configured as follows, corresponding to the continuous direct measurement system and horizontal precision measurement system, respectively. It then generates sum and difference signals for monopulse processing.

High frequency amplification circuit WS (iaa), (18b)
, (18cl(1g(1) onwards) The recipient processing and information processing are the same as those described in "Prior Art" and will therefore be omitted.

Figure 9・17L/I (la), 之・27L/I
i? )) The vertical precision monopulse array consists of
As shown in FIG. 4, it is vertically elongated, and generates a horizontally elongated beam of narrow vertical beam width (1211)/wide horizontal beam width (θ2) shown in FIG. In addition, the horizontal ellipse monopulse array consisting of the 101° second array (lid) is horizontally elongated as shown in Figure 4, and the wide vertical beam @Cl212 shown in Figure 8)/narrow horizontal Beam 1wA (θ
1) generates a vertically elongated beam.

Based on the instructions from the information processing circuit (181), the two beams are combined in a cross shape with their center directions aligned and directed to the target.
il (11: Beam scanning angle control (beam center angle Cψ
ol, azimuth ((jo 1), and timing in the beam i!lI control circuit (8), and here each phase shifter group (2
al.

The phase shifter setting amount is calculated corresponding to (1), (2Q), and (2cl), and transmitted to each Sugi+i=I device group via all the phase shifter drive circuits (7).

In the above embodiments, (1) single beam monopulse two-dimensional Ako scanning method (11) passive method was described; however, other +11 multi-beam methods +21 Similar effects can be fully expected for various forms of variation such as curved array antenna (C conformal array antenna). The antenna element is placed only on a part of the antenna without using the entire surface.
@By separately configuring the seven-nopulse array for direct measurement and the monopulse array for horizontal measurement, the total number of antenna elements can be significantly reduced, and a radar system capable of highly accurate elevation and azimuth angles can be obtained. There is a spring.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing the configuration of a conventional two-dimensional Aster scanning array antenna; Fig. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the concept of beam scanning using a conventional two-dimensional acid scanning method; FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram of the structure of a four-part aperture sub-array that enables monopulse processing in the vertical and horizontal planes in a conventional planar array antenna. Conceptual diagram of the 2-aperture sub-array configuration of the complete monopulse array, No. 5
The figure is an example of a functional diagram of a two-dimensional electronic scanning radar device using a conventional planar array antenna, FIG. A conceptual diagram, FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram of beam scanning in the present invention, and FIG. 8 is a functional system diagram of an embodiment of the present invention. In addition, in the figures, the same reference numerals indicate the same or corresponding parts. Agent Masuo Oiwa Figure 1 (4) (b) Figure 2 Width of the beam and electronics office Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8

Claims (1)

[Claims] In a two-dimensional electronically scanned array radar that directs the beam in any direction in the horizontal or vertical plane, an antenna pattern with a narrow horizontal beam of 1lliil/wide vertical beam width is generated, and the antenna pointing angle and elevation angle can be arbitrarily set. To enable control, a 477J-sized topopulse array for horizontal precision measurement is used, and an antenna pattern with a wide horizontal beam width/narrow vertical beam width is generated, and the antenna directivity angle and elevation angle can be completely controlled The antenna consists of a 2-louis system of a seven-nopulse array for continuous and direct measurement, and the directivity direction (azimuth angle) of both antenna patterns generated by both array systems.・A beam control circuit that always matches and moves the elevation angle to direct it to any target within the coverage area, and amplifies the high frequency reception output from both antennas.
A reception processing circuit (C) with almost equal characteristics that converts the same wave number, a high frequency amplification circuit, a mixing circuit, an intermediate frequency amplification circuit, and a moving target detection circuit (4) for suppressing unnecessary signals, and both of these array system receivers (i processing circuit output 7, extract precise azimuth angle information from the horizontal precision array string reception output, precise measurement elevation angle information from the vertical precision array array receiver output, and output the target position information processor J.
i: A radar device that performs information processing and generates a pattern with a horizontally and vertically narrow beam width.