JPS60117562A - Alkali-matrix-type hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent any voluminal changes of electrolyte by installing a water absorption plate so that it is in close contact with the back surface of the negative electrode. CONSTITUTION:A porous sintered nickel plate which is termed a water absorption plate 4 and does not hold any electrolyte is installed in close contact with the back surface of a negative electrode. A steam gas the temperature of which is controlled so that it has a partial steam pressure equal to the vapor pressure of 30% aqueous potassium hydroxide solution in the battery when the atmosphere becomes saturated is supplied to a hydrogen gas chamber 11. A part of the steam gas is supplied to a negative electrode 2 through the holes 6 and the hydrogen gas paths 5 of the water absorption plate 4. When the battery is discharged, oxygen and hydrogen are consumed in each electrode and water is produced at the interface between the electrolyte and the negative electrode 2. Accordingly, although electrolyte contained in the matrix expands and tends to leak out through the fine holes of the electrode, the increased amount of electrolye is absorbed by the water absorption plate 4. Therefore it is possible to prevent any voluminal changes of the electrolyte.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the improvement of fuel cells, particularly alkaline matrix 7 (11 water line-oxygen fuel cells), and the objective of the present invention is to ensure that water, which is a discharge product of the battery, is used in an appropriate manner. Provides a method that can remove it from the system. 1) Alkaline matrix water-acid fuel tHI is a sheet-like material that holds an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, which serves as an electrolyte. Gold on both 10I of asbestos matrix.

platinum,! @Or use palladium black as a catalyst and place the positive, 4 and negative electrodes in close contact. The t-side of the -1 electrode has a structure for supplying gases for supplying an oxidizing agent, oxygen, fuel, and hydrogen, respectively.

The electromotive reaction of the battery (71) is as follows.

Stop pole Te1/2021-1-120+2e→21-10
− ・・・(1) At negative electrode H2+20 H−→21−
l 20 +2e ... (2) Total 1/202-
1-1-+ 2→l-120... (3) As is clear from equation (3), in this battery, 4 water is generated as the electrode reaction progresses, so the battery cannot be operated stably. In order to avoid VJ, the produced water must be quickly removed from the system.

[From equation 2] As it is clear, water generation occurs on the negative electrode side, so it is preferable to remove the generated water on the negative electrode side.
l, <, U is generally evaporated from the back of the negative electrode into the hydrogen gas flow.
A method is taken to

This lll'i is 1 c of water. 'A IN2, whose humidity is adjusted to have the same water vapor pressure as under the air, is supplied to the battery.

On the other hand, water production iii is 5.6111 per IA min
The rate of CI production is proportional to the current flowing through the battery. Therefore, when the load current of the battery fluctuates rapidly, for example, a small discharge current density of 5Δ/d+a or 1 suddenly 3!
When transitioning to discharging with a large current of iA,'<IIIt,
Water production rate (28mQ/zlut, l1li
n to 196mQ/+, lul, m! n
The situation is increasing alarmingly. Water evaporation from f1 pole f17 plane f
It is easy for α to catch up with the water production rate (, ;, electric W
(As the liquid 11 increases, the pores of both the positive and negative electrodes -1r
It turns out that lfiF+'r il& is ill lli.

Conventionally, the change in the amount of electrolyte caused by the above-mentioned load fluctuation 11'
1, the electrolyte storage plate is called 'fl'
f A porous sintered chive that holds the VIY liquid)) (the opposite side is placed on the back side of the negative electrode with dense scratches 1±), and the electrolyte in the matrix and the electrolyte in the storage plate are connected through the pores of the negative electrode. Let it pass!
A method has been proposed.

In the electric i14 with such a configuration, il d:+ suddenly becomes:1
・The evaporation rate of water is the production rate)G-) or (4
: 41-rd, increasing l in matrix, double V
f(il se is (1 (4s 0) 8111 fl, transferred to the electrolyte storage plate in 4 passes ΦI+-!J., "1.
,,C'h A:+ becomes smaller and the water evaporation +Ct becomes
The amount of electrolyte in the 71 Heli Twist 7 is decreasing (,'
>1'J means that the electrolyte in storage is
-(,”7 Move towards Lricks.

This, 1. (The sudden drop of one battery to the electrolyte storage plate <r M
It works to compensate for the volume change of Wl fluctuation (2D 1.I = d1).

However, behind the hydrogen gas (:I hydrogen is flowing, there are electrolytic 8k droplets and 2., and there are M people in the hydrogen gas. Don't say it [
In addition, the human load is lff1115 intermittent ζ31,)
At Si i, 9, the storage plate is filled with electrolyte, and h(
``(Leakage of the electrolyte from the storage plate) 5. Such a phenomenon reduces the concentration of the electrolyte and causes a deterioration of the electric voltage. Water is?
1'i dissolves () from the matrix to the storage board, (I moves from the storage i-■ board to 71 ~ Rix, so
, 71-11) The flash m changes every moment.

It's difficult to obtain a stable discharge voltage.

The present invention has the following advantages: 1. The present invention has the following advantages: A 1'l sintered hair pore that does not retain electrolyte and can be called an absorbing plate.
TS//J1・(Place the opposite side in close contact with the back of the negative electrode,
By absorbing only the water that covers the interface between the M liquid and C1 into the water absorption 1~, 1: prevents the volume change of the electrolyte solution/υdo-J and b. .

d3, produced water II-[III<suction Ill<plate (1: suction and I), 1 stomach.

From the absorption plate, unreacted pilot gas is discharged into the hydrogen gas stream (1) out of the system.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG.
In the figure, (1) and (2) are silver-balun °111 black and polytetrafluoroethylene. Thickness 0 glued on 100 mesh nickel mesh as a binder.
．． 1 rod of 3mm and negative electrode, (3) is 30W which will be the electrolyte
Hold t% potassium hydroxide aqueous solution 1! 'TaIlza0,
5mm asbestos matrix, (4) (1 pole (2
) On the back side of 71 L, there is a recess (5) with a hydrogen gas passage on one side of the negative electrode.Hydrogen gas is supplied to the recess and the negative electrode. Porous f1 sintered nickel plate?'-) /, i:ru1
- / water absorption plate with a diameter of 1 mm, (7) and (7') are current collector nets made from Niratalbokkis band net, (11) and <8
(9) and (9') are polyurethane resin coolants into which coolant is flowed to keep the battery temperature constant (1). The M cable gas chamber (10) is at a standstill, and the oxygen supply (,1 is consumed Il, 7;:
ht 1,'+1 is supplied. On the other hand, the hydrogen gas chamber (
11) to have a water vapor pressure equal to (,1, I:q water vapor of 30% potassium hydroxide aqueous solution as electrolyte solution, 11).
:, tlnl Iu tone 11゛C! , : Hydrogen gas is supplied, and a part of it (through hole (6) of L Hydrogen 11M plate (4)
) and hydrogen gas passageway (5). ) C (1 pole (2) is supplied.

When this battery is discharged, oxygen and hydrogen are consumed at each electrode, and at the same time, the electrolyte and the negative electrode (2)
Water forms /1, therefore, the electric current IW in the matrix
) 1k body swelling 1!14 Leakage from the pores of the L electrode 1
ノ, 1, Udo (J I ν is the capillary effect of the water absorption plate (4)! J! absorbs the I11 addition of 81i, so it is impossible for the electrolyte to undergo a dead volume change. The first thing to note here is that the liquid absorbed by the water absorption plate is the outermost part of the electrolyte, and the water that has just been generated is LJ.
:,(3°) Also, since the water absorption speed of the porous 11 sintered nickel rod is extremely fast,
Water; 17I formation (1 loss / 2 and suction 11! If it is absorbed, the change in G1 growth rate 1su, Iθ! Normal J is related to load fluctuation 4i (Air Vf (liquid bar volume ) Abyss 1 (°) (This is a point that always dips to 1.

In addition, the water absorbed by the -[] absorption plate (after this evaporation into the water-based gas, 1; L) 17 is also pure from the perforated plate, which has an extremely large contact surface area. Since water evaporates, it is extremely fast (1αμ), and it is unlikely that the absorption plate will be filled with water.

In this way, 11 electricity is applied to the present invention! ! t;=atτ1.
1. , 'l' l~.

Water is quickly absorbed into the water absorption plate.
I) There is no change in the degree of dedication, but if a stable electric r1 of 1 is obtained from Yamagentake, the same +1. Also, since the L-tlNlN is not dissolved in the water absorption plate, droplets of the Ichi TM liquid q) may get mixed into the water system.

Next, to confirm the effect of the present invention, a discharge test 1 was conducted using a 4R battery with an electrode action area of 1 (lτ11's 1A) as shown in Figure 1. ．． /, -Conclusion 1 (described below.

'L1 Figure 11 Electric ill! H+,'t ILL 80
The humidity at 80℃ is 11,7 Q6 is E',
K) J, -) humidified hydrogen at 800cc/mi
n's j", l lCj '-("supply r:HL, iI is f
) 20△ for 100 hours at a constant current h (current of 1.l)
'i's? This is a diagram showing the 11 (transition) of the 1'i cell voltage, but J
l"ii! I'- stable one horn, : electric n is (!1
It is clear that the Suisei 117 board of this defense works effectively (r
It was proven.

3rd a+ IJ, 1. '! It! fh i'ljj
of! 20 minutes to i8, 20 minutes to 20△te, repeat 'l electric;!
g 'JJL11 fluctuation test results, battery voltage 1:
Hot weather 21! 21: It also responds extremely sharply to Ikokji Juku HiF+J, and the voltage at each /Z h'l ?1'l So (current voltage is very stable lc3, +111.-, I 1. In my test, the water that came out of the hydrogen sludge in the air was completely pure water, and contained an electrolyte solution. Ta.

Ω/, T, this battery has a water absorbing plate on the back of the negative electrode9)
8-+ (-j test 11=dori, both) Electrolyte leaked into the f chamber 1. -, tl) I-dl) and the present invention J
: The filtrate absorbing board sucks 11-mature trees! : =)-'rIt became clear that the concentration of the electrolyte was always kept constant.

In addition, Mizusei 11! of the present invention! The axial hole diameter of the porous sintered nickel plate used for the plate is 1 to 10μ, preferably 2 to 6μ, and has a pore size distribution with a peak.3. In addition, the diameter of the through hole for co-feeding hydrogen gas is rt and t.

, 5-1. OIllm is suitable.

(edited by F) As shown above, Alkalima according to the present invention! ~Water-based Ricks-11! i Somen 1'21 Electricity! I l:L
, Ci dedication, 1 'j%'! Arrange the water absorbing plates so that the water absorbs the water.
i It is water generated by the discharge reaction of oil (j filtration 31, e
), there is something that can be quickly removed from the system, and it is a T-business 1l.
The Ill value is extremely human.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 shows an alkali matrix water cable according to the present invention.
The basic 4flf 3 diagram of a single cell of an oxy-fuel battery is false. FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 show Alkalima according to the present invention]
Lix-type water cable - Oxygen fuel discharge characteristics
Figure 1, Figure 2 1, 1, current 1 valley 1920Δ, /
Figure 3 (L current density 1
0;]△7・2() minutes for words, 2 for 20Δ/clnt
Repeat the discharge for 0 minutes, and the negative a 111 fluctuation characteristic (II is decreased. 1...■pole, ?...(1 pole, 3...to avoid holding the potassium hydroxide electrolyte)'Sbest Matrix, 4.
... Ho1zaka11v board! 1... Water-based gas passage, 6...
・Through hole, 7,7′...Tokyo Electric Network, 8.8′...
Current collector plate, 9,9'...Cooler plate 1 Figure 7 Figure A 3 Flash/2 3 T! rT direction (i)

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A water absorbing plate made of a porous bamboo-fired nickel plate with a large number of four parts and a convex part on one side, and a large number of perforations penetrating the concave parts on the other side. , Alcashima 1, which is characterized by being arranged on the side of the aqueous electrode that is in close contact with the gas electrode side.
~Rix-type hydrogen-'M elementary fuel tζ [Wi Pond.