JPS5998853A - Multi-stylus head - Google Patents

Multi-stylus head

Info

Publication number
JPS5998853A
JPS5998853A JP20859482A JP20859482A JPS5998853A JP S5998853 A JPS5998853 A JP S5998853A JP 20859482 A JP20859482 A JP 20859482A JP 20859482 A JP20859482 A JP 20859482A JP S5998853 A JPS5998853 A JP S5998853A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
contact
head
needle
contact surface
needle electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP20859482A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH0457506B2 (en
Inventor
Yukio Tabata
幸夫 田端
Toshiyuki Kawanishi
川西 敏之
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ricoh Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Ricoh Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ricoh Co Ltd filed Critical Ricoh Co Ltd
Priority to JP20859482A priority Critical patent/JPS5998853A/en
Priority to DE19833343393 priority patent/DE3343393A1/en
Publication of JPS5998853A publication Critical patent/JPS5998853A/en
Publication of JPH0457506B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0457506B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/385Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective supply of electric current or selective application of magnetism to a printing or impression-transfer material
    • B41J2/42Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective supply of electric current or selective application of magnetism to a printing or impression-transfer material for heating selectively

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve the contact state of a contact part and an ink ribbon while preventing the lowering in dot density and the generation of dot omission to achieve the enhancement of recording quality, by protruding the contact part of a needle electrode from a head contact surface. CONSTITUTION:For example, a needle electrode 12 with wire diameter of 60mum is formed of an embedded part 12b embedded in an enclosing and embedding member 4 and an outer pour molding member 10 and the contact part 12a protruded from a head contact surface 11a. Said enclosing and embedding member 4 is formed of a mixture prepared by adding a SiC powder to epoxy resin and the outer pour molding member 10 is formed of epoxy resin. On the other hand, the embedded part 12b of the needle electrode 12 is formed of a copper wire and copper plating is applied to the end surface 12c of the embedded part 12b to form the contact part 12a in a state protruded from the head contact surface 11a. By protruding the contact part of the needle electrode from the head contact surface, all of a plurality of the needle electrodes can be certainly contacted with an ink ribbon and no discharge is generated while the lowering in dot density or the generation of dot omission can be prevented.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 ■生公団 この発明は、ファクシミリやワー1くプロセッサ等の記
録装置に用いられるマルチスタイラスヘッドに関し、さ
らに詳しくは、通電転写記録方式に使用されるマルチス
タイラスヘッドに係る。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a multi-stylus head used in a recording device such as a facsimile or a computer processor, and more specifically to a multi-stylus head used in an electrical transfer recording system.

災米挟樒 従来のこの種のマルチスタイラスヘッドとしては、例え
ば第1図ないし第3図に示すようなものがある。すなわ
ち、このマルチスタイラスヘッドlは、銅線からなる多
数の針状電極2および帰路電極3が絶縁性の樹脂からな
る包埋部材4で埋設されて長板状に形成されており、こ
の多数の針状電極2が一列に配列され、これらの針状電
極2の両側に帰路電極3が離間して配設されている。そ
して、針状電極2の接触部2aおよび帰路電極3が平面
に形成されたヘッド接触面1aと同一平面上に露出して
いる。
Conventional multi-stylus heads of this type include those shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, for example. That is, this multi-stylus head l is formed into a long plate shape with a large number of needle electrodes 2 and return electrodes 3 made of copper wire embedded in an embedding member 4 made of insulating resin. Needle electrodes 2 are arranged in a row, and return electrodes 3 are spaced apart from each other on both sides of these needle electrodes 2. The contact portion 2a of the needle electrode 2 and the return electrode 3 are exposed on the same plane as the flat head contact surface 1a.

このようなマルチスタイラスヘット1は通電転写記録方
式の記録装置を構成する一部品として、例えば第1図に
示すように配設されている。具体的には、マルチスタイ
ラスヘッド1とローラ5とがわずかに離間された状態で
配設され、この間隙にインクリボン6および記録紙7が
インクリボン6を針状電極2の接触部2aおよび帰路電
極3に接触させた状態で介在されている。なお、符号8
゜9は、インクリボン6および記録紙7を移動させるロ
ーうである。
Such a multi-stylus head 1 is arranged, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, as a part of a recording apparatus using an electrical transfer recording method. Specifically, the multi-stylus head 1 and the roller 5 are arranged with a slight distance between them, and an ink ribbon 6 and a recording paper 7 are placed in this gap between the ink ribbon 6 and the contact portion 2a of the needle electrode 2 and the return path. It is interposed in a state in which it is in contact with the electrode 3. In addition, code 8
9 is a row for moving the ink ribbon 6 and the recording paper 7.

ここで、通電転写記録方式を第4図を参照して説明する
。まず、マルチスタイラスヘッド1にパルス状電圧すな
わち信号電圧を印加すると、針状電極2と帰路電極3と
の間にインクリボン6を介してパルス状電流が流れる。
Here, the current transfer recording method will be explained with reference to FIG. First, when a pulsed voltage, that is, a signal voltage is applied to the multi-stylus head 1, a pulsed current flows between the needle electrode 2 and the return electrode 3 via the ink ribbon 6.

この際において、針状型@2の接触部2aの面積は、帰
路電極4の面積に比較して非常に小さいため、抵抗も針
状電極2下の方が圧倒的に大きく、また、電流は、針状
電極2下も帰路電極3下も同じであるため、系を通じて
流れる電流により発生するジュール熱の大部分は、針状
電極2下で発生することとなる。これによる発熱で剣状
電極2下のインクリボン6カ箸71融され、記録紙7に
ドラ1〜状にインクが転移されて定着される。このよう
なことが、釘状電極2の接触部2aがインクリボン6を
摺動して行く時に行なわれ1文字等が記録紙7に描かれ
ることとなる。
At this time, since the area of the contact part 2a of the needle type @2 is very small compared to the area of the return path electrode 4, the resistance is overwhelmingly larger under the needle electrode 2, and the current is , is the same under the needle electrode 2 and under the return electrode 3, so most of the Joule heat generated by the current flowing through the system is generated under the needle electrode 2. The generated heat melts the six ink ribbons 71 under the sword-shaped electrode 2, and the ink is transferred to the recording paper 7 in the shape of a drum and fixed. This is done when the contact portion 2a of the nail-shaped electrode 2 slides on the ink ribbon 6, and one character or the like is drawn on the recording paper 7.

しかしながら、通電転写記録方式が針状電極2の接触部
2aとインクリボン6とが接触することを条件としてい
るので、従来のように面積の小さい針状電極2の接触部
2aの端面がヘッド接触面1aと同一平面上に形成され
ていたのでは、ヘッド接触面1aがインクリボン6と接
触した状態においても接触部2aとインクリボン6とが
接触不良を起こすことがあり、ドツト濃度の低下および
ドツト抜けの発生等の記録品質の劣化を招く虞があった
However, since the current transfer recording method requires that the contact portion 2a of the needle electrode 2 and the ink ribbon 6 come into contact with each other, the end surface of the contact portion 2a of the needle electrode 2, which has a small area, comes into contact with the head as in the conventional method. If the head contact surface 1a is formed on the same plane as the surface 1a, poor contact may occur between the contact portion 2a and the ink ribbon 6 even when the head contact surface 1a is in contact with the ink ribbon 6, resulting in a decrease in dot density and There is a risk of deterioration in recording quality such as the occurrence of missing dots.

■−−首 この発明は、かかる従来の実状に着目してなされたもの
で、針状電極の接触部をヘッド接触面より突出させるこ
とにより、接触部とインクリボンとの接触状態を良好と
して、ドツト濃度の低下およびドツト抜は等の発生を防
止して記録品質の向上を図るマルチスタイラスヘッドを
提供することを目的としている。
■--Neck This invention was made by paying attention to the conventional situation, and by making the contact part of the needle electrode protrude from the head contact surface, the contact state between the contact part and the ink ribbon is improved. It is an object of the present invention to provide a multi-stylus head that improves recording quality by preventing a decrease in dot density and occurrence of dot omission.

去−流一例一 以下、この発明を図面に基づいて説明する。この説明に
おいて従来と同一ないし均等な部位または部材について
は同一符号を伺し1複した説明を省略する。
EXAMPLE 1 The present invention will be explained below based on the drawings. In this description, parts or members that are the same or equivalent to those in the prior art will be designated by the same reference numerals, and redundant description will be omitted.

第5図はこの発明の第1実施例を示す図である。FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a first embodiment of the present invention.

まず構成を説明すると、図中符号12は例えば線径が6
0μの針状電極で、包埋部材4および外形注形部材10
に埋設されている埋設部12bとヘッド接触面11aよ
り突出している接触部12aとから形成されている。そ
の包埋部材4はエポキシ樹脂にSiCあるいはSiN等
の粉末(無機質粒子)が添加されて形成さ九、外形注形
部材loはエポキシ樹脂にて形成されている。一方、針
状型′@12の埋設部12bは、銅線、Nl線、銅−N
i線、ステンレス線、タングステン線、金線、あるいは
これらに表面処理をしたもので形成することができるが
、この実施例では銅線にて形成されている。そして、こ
の埋設部12bの端面12cに銅メッキが施こされて接
触部12aがヘット接触部面11aより突出した状態に
形成されている。なお、符号3はヘッド接触面11a上
に露出している帰路電極である。
First, to explain the configuration, the reference numeral 12 in the figure has a wire diameter of 6, for example.
The embedding member 4 and the externally shaped casting member 10 are made of needle-like electrodes with a diameter of 0μ.
It is formed from a buried portion 12b buried in the head contact surface 11a and a contact portion 12a protruding from the head contact surface 11a. The embedding member 4 is formed by adding powder (inorganic particles) such as SiC or SiN to epoxy resin, and the externally shaped casting member 11 is formed of epoxy resin. On the other hand, the buried part 12b of the needle-shaped type ′@12 is made of copper wire, Nl wire, copper-N
Although it can be formed of an i-line, a stainless steel wire, a tungsten wire, a gold wire, or a surface-treated material thereof, it is formed of a copper wire in this embodiment. The end surface 12c of the buried portion 12b is plated with copper to form a contact portion 12a protruding from the head contact surface 11a. Note that the reference numeral 3 is a return electrode exposed on the head contact surface 11a.

次に、かかる構成よりなるマルチスタイラスヘッド11
の成形方法を説明する。まず、針状電極12の埋設部1
2bおよび帰路電極3を、包埋部材4および外形注形部
材10で埋設する。その後包埋部材4、針状電極12お
よび帰路電極3をカット・研磨してヘッド接触面11a
を平面に形成し、この面11aから埋設部12bの′端
面12cおよび帰路電極3を露出させる。この状態で従
来と同様な形状に形成されている。次に、接触部12a
を形成するには以下のように行なう。すなわち、ヘッド
接触面11aを形成した後、埋設部12bの端面12c
ができるだけ酸化しないように素早く、帰路電極3にテ
ープを貼付けてマスキングをし、硫酸鋼10%の電解液
に浸す。この電解液中に銅片の陽極を設け、多数の針状
電極12の埋設部12bの各々を陰極とし、これら両極
を約20+圓離間させて配置する。しがる@240mV
の電圧を2分30秒間印加すると、埋設部12bの端面
12cに銅が析出して10〜20μ突出した状態で付着
し、針状電極12の接触部12aが形成される。
Next, the multi-stylus head 11 having such a configuration will be described.
The molding method will be explained. First, the embedded part 1 of the needle electrode 12
2b and the return electrode 3 are embedded with the embedding member 4 and the contour casting member 10. Thereafter, the embedding member 4, needle electrode 12, and return electrode 3 are cut and polished to form the head contact surface 11a.
is formed into a flat surface, and the end surface 12c of the buried portion 12b and the return electrode 3 are exposed from this surface 11a. In this state, it is formed into the same shape as before. Next, the contact part 12a
To form it, proceed as follows. That is, after forming the head contact surface 11a, the end surface 12c of the buried portion 12b is formed.
Quickly mask the return electrode 3 with tape so as not to oxidize it as much as possible, and immerse it in an electrolyte containing 10% steel sulfate. A copper piece anode is provided in this electrolytic solution, each of the buried portions 12b of the numerous needle electrodes 12 is used as a cathode, and these two electrodes are spaced apart from each other by about 20 circles. Shigaru @240mV
When this voltage is applied for 2 minutes and 30 seconds, copper is deposited on the end surface 12c of the buried portion 12b and adheres to the end surface 12c protruding by 10 to 20 μm, thereby forming the contact portion 12a of the needle electrode 12.

このようなマルチスタイラスヘッド11を通電転写記録
方式の記録装置に使用する。これにおり)で、マルチス
タイラスヘッド11とインクリボン6との接触状態はと
いうと、針状電極12の接触部12aかヘッド接触面1
.1aより突出しているため、針状電極12全線がすべ
て確実に電気的接触をしている。
Such a multi-stylus head 11 is used in a recording device using an electric transfer recording method. In this case, the state of contact between the multi-stylus head 11 and the ink ribbon 6 depends on whether the contact portion 12a of the needle electrode 12 or the head contact surface 1
.. Since it protrudes from 1a, all the wires of the needle electrode 12 are in reliable electrical contact.

一方の帰路電極3は面積が広くまた接触部12aの突出
量もμ単位であるため、勿論接触してν)る。
One of the return electrodes 3 has a large area and the amount of protrusion of the contact portion 12a is also on the order of μ, so of course they come into contact with each other.

この状態で信号電流を印加するとともにローラ5゜8.
9等にてインクリボン6を移動させてマルチスタイラス
ヘッド11に対して摺動させると、電気的接触が確実で
あるため、ドツI−濃度の低下およびドツト抜は等が発
生することなく、良好な印字品質で文字記録が行なわれ
る。なお、接触部12aはそれほど突出していないので
、これによりインクリボン6を損傷させるようなことは
勿論ない。
In this state, a signal current is applied and the rollers 5°8.
When the ink ribbon 6 is moved and slid against the multi-stylus head 11 using a stylus 9 or the like, the electrical contact is ensured, so there is no drop in dot density or dot removal, and the result is good. Characters are recorded with good print quality. Note that since the contact portion 12a does not protrude so much, it goes without saying that this will not damage the ink ribbon 6.

上記第1実施例では銅メッキをして接触部12aを形成
したが、銅より硬い金属、例えばニッケル等をメッキ等
により付着させて形成すれば、インクリボン6との摺動
による摩耗に対して耐久性を持たせることができ、ひい
てはマルチスタイラスへラド11の耐久性を向上させる
こととなる。また、メッキによる伺着に限らず、蒸着等
により付着させても良いことは勿論である。
In the first embodiment, the contact portion 12a is formed by copper plating, but if a metal harder than copper, such as nickel, is attached by plating or the like, it is possible to prevent wear caused by sliding with the ink ribbon 6. Durability can be imparted, and as a result, the durability of the multi-stylus 11 can be improved. Furthermore, it goes without saying that the deposition is not limited to plating, but may also be accomplished by vapor deposition or the like.

また、第6図にはこの発明の第2実施例を示す。Further, FIG. 6 shows a second embodiment of the present invention.

この実施例は針状電極22の埋設部22bと接触部22
aとが一本の例えば銅線から形成されている。
In this embodiment, the embedded part 22b of the needle electrode 22 and the contact part 22
A is formed from a single piece of copper wire, for example.

このマルチスタイラスヘッド21を形成するには、針状
電極22と帰路電極3とを、包埋部材4および外形注形
部材10で埋設し、その後ヘツド接触面21aを形成す
るときに、針状電極22を一緒にカット・研磨せずに残
しておき、ヘッド接触面21aよりわずかに突出した接
触部22aを形成する。
To form this multi-stylus head 21, the needle electrode 22 and the return electrode 3 are buried with the embedding member 4 and the contour casting member 10, and then when the head contact surface 21a is formed, the needle electrode 22 is left without being cut and polished together to form a contact portion 22a that slightly protrudes from the head contact surface 21a.

このマルチスタイラスヘッド21を記録装置に使用した
際の作用は第1実施例の場合と同様であるので説明を省
略する。
The operation when this multi-stylus head 21 is used in a recording device is the same as that in the first embodiment, so the explanation will be omitted.

なお、上記各実施例においてはマルチスタイラスヘッド
11.21に帰路電極3が設けられていたが。
In each of the above embodiments, the multi-stylus head 11.21 was provided with the return electrode 3.

帰路電極3を別体として、この発明のマルチスタイラス
ヘッドを包埋部材と針状電極だけで形成することも勿論
できる。ただ帰路電極3を一体化することにより、記録
装置に使用した場合にはこの装置がコンパクトなものと
なる。また、針状電極12、22は2列に千鳥状に配設
することも勿論できる。
Of course, it is also possible to form the multi-stylus head of the present invention using only the embedding member and the needle-shaped electrode, with the return path electrode 3 being made separately. However, by integrating the return electrode 3, this device becomes compact when used in a recording device. Further, the needle electrodes 12 and 22 can of course be arranged in two rows in a staggered manner.

来−一一求 以上説明してきたように、この発明によれば、針状電極
の接触部をヘッド接触面より突出させることにより、多
数の針状電極のすべてを確実にインクリボンと接触させ
ることができ、放電等の発生がなく、よって1くット濃
度の低下およびドツト抜は等の発生を防止し、良好な記
録品質のものを得ることができるという効果を発揮する
As described above, according to the present invention, by making the contact portions of the needle electrodes protrude from the head contact surface, all of the needle electrodes can be reliably brought into contact with the ink ribbon. There is no occurrence of discharge or the like, thereby preventing a decrease in per-cut density and occurrence of dots, etc., thereby achieving the effect that good recording quality can be obtained.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図は従来のマルチスタイラスヘッドが用いられた記
録装置を示す模式斜視図、第2図は従来のマルチスタイ
ラスヘッドのヘット接触面の一部を示す図、第3図は同
マルチスタイラスヘッドの断面図、第4図は通電転写記
録方式を説明するための概略図、第5図はこの発明のマ
ルチスタイラスヘッドの第1実施例を示す第3図と同様
な断面図、第6図はこの発明の第2実施例を示す第5図
と同様な断面図である。 4・・・包埋部材、6・・・インクリボン、11.21
・・・マルチスタイラスヘッド、11a、21a川ヘッ
ド接触面、12.22・・・針状電極、12a、22a
−接触部、12b。 22b・・・埋設部、12c・・・端面。
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing a recording device using a conventional multi-stylus head, Fig. 2 is a diagram showing part of the head contact surface of the conventional multi-stylus head, and Fig. 3 is a diagram showing a part of the head contact surface of the conventional multi-stylus head. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining the current transfer recording method, FIG. 5 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 3 showing the first embodiment of the multi-stylus head of the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 6 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 5 showing a second embodiment of the invention. 4...Embedding member, 6...Ink ribbon, 11.21
...Multi-stylus head, 11a, 21a River head contact surface, 12.22...Acicular electrode, 12a, 22a
- contact part, 12b. 22b... Buried part, 12c... End surface.

Claims (3)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] (1)包埋部材に列状に埋設された多数の針状電極の接
触部がインクリボン上を摺動するマルチスタイラスヘッ
ドであって、前記針状電極は前記包埋部材に埋設されて
いる埋設部と、ヘッド接触面より突出している接触部と
からなることを特徴とするマルチスタイラスヘッド。
(1) A multi-stylus head in which a contact portion of a large number of needle-shaped electrodes embedded in a row in an embedding member slides on an ink ribbon, and the needle-shaped electrodes are embedded in the embedding member. A multi-stylus head comprising a buried portion and a contact portion protruding from the head contact surface.
(2)接触部は、埋設部の端面に金属メッキが施こされ
ることにより形成されたことを特徴とする特許請求の範
囲第1項記載のマルチスタイラスヘッド。
(2) The multi-stylus head according to claim 1, wherein the contact portion is formed by applying metal plating to the end face of the buried portion.
(3)針状電極は埋設部と接触部とが連続した一本の線
材からなることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第1項記載
のマルチスタイラスヘッド。
(3) The multi-stylus head according to claim 1, wherein the needle-shaped electrode is made of a single wire rod in which the buried portion and the contact portion are continuous.
JP20859482A 1982-11-30 1982-11-30 Multi-stylus head Granted JPS5998853A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP20859482A JPS5998853A (en) 1982-11-30 1982-11-30 Multi-stylus head
DE19833343393 DE3343393A1 (en) 1982-11-30 1983-11-30 Print head

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP20859482A JPS5998853A (en) 1982-11-30 1982-11-30 Multi-stylus head

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS5998853A true JPS5998853A (en) 1984-06-07
JPH0457506B2 JPH0457506B2 (en) 1992-09-11

Family

ID=16558780

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP20859482A Granted JPS5998853A (en) 1982-11-30 1982-11-30 Multi-stylus head

Country Status (2)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5998853A (en)
DE (1) DE3343393A1 (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61198036U (en) * 1985-05-31 1986-12-10
JPS61198035U (en) * 1985-05-31 1986-12-10
JPH02153760A (en) * 1988-04-11 1990-06-13 Ds Holdings Inc Charge transfer image forming cartridge and manufacture thereof
JPH02263658A (en) * 1988-12-06 1990-10-26 Ngk Insulators Ltd Electric conduction-system recording head

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60192633A (en) * 1984-03-14 1985-10-01 Nippon Arefu:Kk Multiple-needle electrode for mimeograph processing

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2541367C2 (en) * 1975-09-17 1982-11-25 Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg Electrostatic printing device
DE2652033C2 (en) * 1976-11-15 1984-10-25 Ibm Deutschland Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Print head for metal paper printer
US4329071A (en) * 1980-06-30 1982-05-11 International Business Machines Corporation Current collector for resistive ribbon printers

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61198036U (en) * 1985-05-31 1986-12-10
JPS61198035U (en) * 1985-05-31 1986-12-10
JPH0512043Y2 (en) * 1985-05-31 1993-03-26
JPH02153760A (en) * 1988-04-11 1990-06-13 Ds Holdings Inc Charge transfer image forming cartridge and manufacture thereof
JPH02263658A (en) * 1988-12-06 1990-10-26 Ngk Insulators Ltd Electric conduction-system recording head

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0457506B2 (en) 1992-09-11
DE3343393A1 (en) 1984-06-20

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