JPS5990777A - Converting method of internal energy possessed by substance into work by use of thermal change of refrigerating cycle - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make an efficient use of heat of a small temperature difference and to achieve saving of natural resources, by causing a cycle of adiabatic compression and adiabatic expansion in a container isolated from the outside, and taking out the thermal change as work by use of a substance like a shape memory alloy. CONSTITUTION:A piston 3 is disposed in a cylinder 1 having a heat-insulating material 2 applied to the inner surface thereof in the manner that it is freely reciprocable in the cylinder 1, and the inside of the cylinder 1 is isolated thermally from the outside. A cooling medium 11 such as Freon gas and nitinol wires 4 made of a shape memory alloy which is corrugated at a low temperature and becomes straight at a high temperature, stacked in a multiplicity of layers, are placed in the cylinder 1. One end of each nitinol wire 4 is fixed to fixing member 5 while the other end is fixed to a fixing member 7 attached to a sliding shaft 6. Further, a heat exchanger 8 is disposed in the cylinder 1 at the lower portion of the layer of nitinol wires 4 so as to impart or absorb heat to and from the heating medium passed through the inside of a pipe 9. Further, a fan 10 is provided for making the temperature in the system uniform promptly.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention is obtained by changing the temperature of hot water using a reversible cycle such as a refrigeration cycle. A titanium-nickel alloy (= tenor) installed in an insulating system that generates heat at a relatively low temperature, or
This is a method that makes it possible to convert the internal force applied to multi-metal memory alloys such as copper-Wlead-aluminum alloys into mechanical energy.

Conventionally, efforts have been made to bring the conversion efficiency from thermal energy to mechanical energy close to a value that follows the laws of thermodynamics such as Carnot's theorem.
Ishiike 1 All external heat sources such as coal, gas, solar heat, geothermal heat, and waste heat are input.

Some of it is converted into work, and generally temperature,
It is a falling threshold that works because of the power and volume.

The basic feature of this engine is that it does not require an external heat source, but instead creates a temperature difference within the adiabatic system and uses that as a heat source. It is not an engine that converts →, but is mainly related to temperature difference and amount of heat, and has less to do with 'pressure and accumulation 1.

The formation of the cape will be explained with reference to FIG. Cylinder provided with insulation material (2):/dar (1) Upper column double-acting position v (3)
The inside and outside are thermally isolated by the filament to create a broken fi thread. Inside this, there is cold l(11) and, for example, a nitinol wire (
4), fix its l end (5), and attach the other end to the sliding shaft (6).
) at one end (7). As shown in FIG. 2, the nitinol wire has a memorized shape that is wavy at low temperatures and straight at high temperatures. A heat exchanger (8) is installed inside and connected to the outside (9).
It exchanges heat through the inside and adjusts the amount of heat.
In addition, the temperature inside the system is quickly averaged: / (10
), etc. An example of a functional engineer using this configuration will be described.

Taking the refrigerant (working substance) in the cylinder as an example,
Thread cuff CCI, F-CC: IF, (I appendix cheek 1m product name 1) D sea 113. 113 below! :Use ). 113 It is one of the working substances that shows a change in state at relatively low temperatures and low perspiration, and that evaporates significantly and rapidly transfers heat within the cylinder. This 113 is compressed and expanded so that the temperature at which Nitinol starts to undergo martenlith transformation is 42°C and the temperature at which reverse transformation ends is 80°C.
The vapor pressure equivalent to 42oC is 0,8567/Cr/
' abs, also 80°C#I.

The corresponding pressure is 2.73 g/Cm2ab s5
This compression and expansion are cycled to give the nitinol material the amount of heat that moves due to the temperature difference of 42°C to 80°C, causing continuous deformation. The strain that can be recovered within the deformation range is in most cases 6-8 meters, and the maximum force obtained by stretching and contracting in the linear direction is 60 to 80 meters.
70Kg/ln♂ (reference document 2) can be obtained.

First, the 113 steam in the cylinder is set to 42°C. Therefore, the temperature of the two-handed knoll is also 42°C, and its shape is in a state where it has shrunk into a wavy shape. This is point C on the p-v line shown in FIG. At this point, the external pressure P of the cylinder (3) is increased and the internal temperature of the cylinder is compressed to 80'C at 8 points. This vortex culm is shown by the solid line C-t. During this compression process, the temperature of the steam in the syringe first increases, and then heat is transferred to the nitinol. At the same time, the wave shape changes linearly, causing the shaft (6) to slide in the direction of the arrow.

At this time, the shaft is unloaded. Therefore, the thermal change of 113 is two orders of magnitude different from the complete adiabatic change. This compression process stores heat in Nitinol, which serves as a heat source during the expansion process.

Therefore, Nitinol has the dual functions of a cooler and a heat source, and is also an energy generator. This exchange of heat;! Since Mi is related to processing efficiency, Nitinol is made into a thin wire or thin plate material to increase the surface area. Further, the process moves to the expansion process a-c (thin line) which speeds up the heat transfer (by means of a fan (10), etc.). In order to lower the temperature inside the cylinder, which has been heated to ao'c, the external pressure of the stone is relaxed and the pressure is lowered, and the condensed 113 absorbs heat from Nitinol and evaporates. That is, the opposite phenomenon of the compression process 2 takes place within the system with a time lag, and 113 returns to its original state (42° C.) at point C□ and cools down, completing the 'tst+j cycle. At this time, Nitinol contracts into a wave shape and moves the shaft (6) where the cargo is located and is converted into mechanical energy.

Next, the refrigeration cycle will be described. p- shown in FIG.
The dotted lines in the v diagram are two equal dark greens a-b, c-d and two #
The Carnot cycle is shown in heat 11i b-c, d-a. In the state diagram according to the present invention, the basic cycle is a change C-11L shown by a solid line and a-C shown by a thin line. That is, it is a change that cycles between one isothermal change and an adiabatic change. Concentrated line J: The difference from the thin line indicates that heat is conducted to the outside and dissipated.
The process of compression and expansion cycles on the same line. In this case, the work required for compression C-a and the expansion 1% can be considered the same except for the amount of work FS done externally by a-c, Wet, and a small friction loss, and there is no consumption of heat or work, and the cycle has been completed and only the temperature cycle has been completed.

This cycle does not violate the first law of conservation of heat and power.
), and when viewed from the second method I11, there is a difference between the compression process (solid line) and the expansion process (line III) as described above, and W>W in work, or.

W=W, + (amount of change per end 0). Therefore, the working material will not return to its original state unless heat or work is applied from the outside to the adiabatic system for the amount of change equal to 0 end. This invention is characterized by a method for freely correcting this unavoidable temperature change during the cycle. This adjustment is carried out by a heat exchanger (8) that communicates with the inside of the cylinder. For example, if there is a lack of heat inside the cylinder, the internal temperature will rise to 42°C during the expansion process! It is possible to provide a relatively low temperature fi amount in the vicinity of l:. It can also remove heat, keeping the internal heat constant and allowing the cycle to continue. As mentioned above, the cycle of temperature change is a basic condition of this invention, and is the most ideal method for developing a hay fever as a heat source. Here we will give an example of the work done between Nitinol and nitinol when I kg of 113 is used.

T2=42°C9This steam ental -i; = 14
4.50 Kca IT door 80°C1 This liquid vapor enthal-i; = n7,82KcalEE ml The amount of heat removed to turn 42°C steam into 80°C liquid, that is, the heat stored in the Nitinol material. The amount of heat Q is.

g = j;-i', = 144.5O-u7,82
= 26.68 Kcal/Kg The weight of the Nitinol material required to store this amount of heat So, this heavy density of Nitinol m 6 = 7.5 gJ/cmg The specific heat C is 0.1
2 cal/g Also, the change in specific heat at the transformation temperature is quadrupled (
(Varies depending on the material)

W'=Q/4C(T,-'I2)=26,
680/ 0,48X38 = 1,462 Therefore IA
The volume v corresponds to 62 g and 41 g.

V = W'/6 = 1462 / 7,5 = 19
5. If it is a wire with an Ocm9 cross-sectional area of 1mm2, L = V / 0,01 = 19500 = 195
m/mrn22.

In addition, the 9 recoverable strain rate is increased to 6 meters, and the restoring force F is increased to 60 kg/
The amount of work obtained by this change when mm2 is w
As bal”j cycle/sec.

Since it can be expressed as W = (FXL)Xo, 06, W3 = (60X 195) 0.06 = 702
Kg-m/sec 70'+ = Ws / J = 702 / 427 = 1
,644 Kca When converted to single crab W3, W = O / 860 = 1,644 /860 =
0,00191 Kw/sea# #W3” 0.00
191 X3600 = 6,88 KW 1 in 7'
It becomes k.

Therefore, the net work amount Niji J4 is a small friction loss: W.

Then, ・w, > w, late ζko・ w=w-w 7, result 2.

30 W) I can get O's job.

Also, is there a difference in terms of the efficiency of the heat engine?

The amount of heat transferred in the adiabatic system: Q (26,68 Kcal) acts on the ratio obtained as O, (1,64/+ Kcal), assuming that the friction loss is O.

= Q, / Q = 1.64h/ 26,68
= 0.0616 6.1 For reference, Carnot Caicle in this temperature range.

'7 = T, -T2/T, = 38/353
= 0.1076 A force C1 of about 10 meters.This case is a conversion from a thermal energy engineer to a mechanical potter's neriter, and is essentially different from the former.

The effectiveness of this method is small, with a small amount of work equivalent to the friction loss between the cylinder and the cylinder.

7 can be obtained by arbitrarily increasing the amount of heat transfer inside the insulation thread. Therefore, regardless of the numerical values of the nitinol material, such as its strain rate, magnitude of restoring force, and specific heat, this indicates that it is possible to extract it as motive power as long as it changes with temperature. The basic principle of extracting the internal energy inherent in a material through thermal action is +
Understand the heat sources and main points that work within the KrT heat system,
This has been made possible by cycling internally, and there is no conventional method that uses heat but does not consume heat, and is particularly useful for problems related to flannel and economic soil. This is a method of converting the internal energy of substances using a refrigeration cycle as a heat source.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 shows the structure of the present invention, Fig. 2 shows the shape of Nitinol material, and Fig. 3 shows the pressure of the cycle of the invention. Volume diagram (p-v diagram). (1) cylinder, (2) insulation material, (3) stone, (
4) Nitinol, (5) fixing material, (6) sliding shaft, (7)
Fixing material, (8) Heat exchanger, (9) Bye, (10) Fan, (11) 711F) 1゜Patent applicant

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] A refrigerant and a substance that changes shape or state due to heat, such as a shape memory alloy, are placed in a refrigerant, isolated from the outside world, and adiabatic compression and adiabatic expansion cycles are performed. The main feature is that the cycle of shape change or state change is converted into work by imparting heat to the substance, and the heat necessary to continue this cycle is exchanged with the outside. A method of converting the internal energy of substances into work using mainly thermal changes caused by the refrigeration cycle.