JPS5981900A - Power-saving dimmer for discharge lamp - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a power-saving dimmer device for a discharge lamp that saves 30% to 40% of power after a discharge lamp is fully lit for a predetermined period of time and reaches a stable area of 1. Special fraud application No. 0 proposed by the inventor first
．． No. 55-077117 relates to an improvement of a transistor-applied discharge lamp auxiliary light device, that is, a noxious sidepan (referred to and defined as a pulse band control method) device.

Conventionally, the device in this field is a current phase angle control device using a thyristor, which is widely used and has a simple circuit configuration, is technically easy, and only requires limited load conditions. It was possible to manufacture a device that achieved a predetermined purpose at an extremely low cost even with Cτ.

That is, the method of using a low power factor stabilizer for the load and improving the power factor by inputting a thyristor is known, and there was no particular technical problem.

However, in recent years, high power factor discharge lamps with built-in power factor correction capacitors have been introduced as a means to save energy, save resources, and completely improve the utilization rate of electric power! 6-light devices are becoming common, and when applied as a power-saving dimming device using conventional thyristors, by adding a sub-thyristor and maintaining latching, the desired purpose can be achieved in terms of appearance and operation. However, there are no particular problems and it looks good.

A.) Radio wave interference such as LFI, TVl, etc. will occur, and it will also cause noise interference to information 1 communication and sound equipment that share the power source.

B. The dimming rate changes drastically depending on the power supply voltage and power factor! I
tbL, which is dependent on set value fluctuations and causes flicker, which not only gives discomfort but also shortens the life of the device.

Significantly shortens the lifespan of CO discharge lamps and prevents filament breakage,
A blackening phenomenon (sputtering) occurs.

D. The insulation of the discharge lamp ballast may be destroyed, leading to burnout due to excessive DC flow.

E. There is a possibility that the leakage breaker will be activated and an emergency command will be issued, causing confusion.

F. Since the current flow angle is varied, the power factor is poor and the apparent current increases, which may overheat the wiring facility and trip the branch breaker.

A dangerous power-saving dimming system (4) that potentially has fatal flaws such as

The cause of this is that the LCC common circuit is composed of the discharge lamp ballast (L cage transformer, ballast choke, etc.) built into the power factor lighting equipment and the power factor correction capacitor C, and this LC resonance circuit Mt - The main cause is the sharp transient high-voltage parasitic vibration when the thyristor is turned on, and in general thyristor dimming devices, the optimum power-saving dimming value is 30, although there are some differences depending on the load conditions. %~40%
The phase angle of the amount of power saved is around the peak value of the Ichihara sine wave, which is the worst, and the disturbance is also at its maximum value, so even if some noise prevention coil (F(1) It was impossible to expect any suppressive effect.

To prevent this, insert a large L2 to suppress the rise, or connect it in parallel with a thyristor.

Choices were made based on the design specifications, such as inserting C, R, @ to create a rest period, allowing current to flow through the continuous light, or increasing R6 of the Q dump to suppress transient high voltage parasitic vibrations. However, the general tendency is to put the cart before the horse and no fundamental solution has been found, and the general trend is that technology and thought are directed toward developing means to reduce the degree of power loss ( The reality is that FLO heat loss) is posing a new problem.

- The inventor of the present invention proposed a light-saving optical device using a cylindrical transistor, which achieved extremely effective effects when replaced with the above-mentioned device using a cyrisk. It became possible to eliminate the problem.

In response to the rise of A, transistor switch and switching.

Utilizing the IJ near area increases heat loss.

This is about 1/3 to 1/10 of the rated value, which is disadvantageous in terms of design specifications.

The setting of an appropriate value curve for dimming intensity when expanding the pulse band before and after the peak value is critical.

When lighting at 0, a high voltage band around the peak value is indispensable, but this power-saving dimmer does not require fade-in. % to 40% fade-out shift is not particularly convenient for high voltage bands and is disadvantageous in terms of cost effectiveness.

2. In particular, in the case of a glow-start type capacitor front-mounted (ballast-next input) like the load shown in Figure 2, transient LC resonance similar to thyristor phase control remains in the optimal power-saving turn-on phase, and a sufficient technical margin cannot be obtained. To disappear.

When applied to high-pressure discharge lamps such as mercury lamps and sodium lamps, the cut-off period is large, and flickering occurs when the power is saved by about 20% to 30%, resulting in instantaneous failure.

These and other new drawbacks have arisen, and it is the origin of the present invention to solve and improve them all, and to provide a new technical means that achieves the objective of power-saving dimming in a rational and economical manner with a simple configuration. The purpose is to create a system and provide the device at low cost.

The present invention was invented based on the above-mentioned circumstances, and the present invention is based on the power-saving lighting conditions that are optimal for the characteristics of each discharge lamp (represented here as a typical fluorescent discharge lamp), mercury lamp, sodium lamp, and metal halide lamp. The present invention provides an all-purpose power-saving control device jt'& that can be freely handled by utilizing and processing commercial sine wave alternating current.

The principle of the present invention is shown in Fig. 1 of the conventional thyristor-applied device and Fig. 2 of the patent application No. 55-5 proposed earlier by the present inventor.
An example of an improved power-saving dimming device in a pulse band using a transistor in No. 077117. FIG. 3 is a principle block diagram of an example of implementing the present invention, and FIG. 4 is an example of a combination of other embodiments (
9).

FIG. 5 shows the voltage and current waveforms at each point in FIGS. 1 and 2, and FIG. 6 shows the voltages at various points in other applied examples.

These are signal waveforms, and will be explained in detail with reference to these.

1 in Figure 3.1 and Figure 2 is commercial AC '1! 5th source
It is a sine wave with the waveform shown in Fig. 1. When the power is turned on with 3 in Fig. 1 turned on, the thyristor 2 in Fig. 1 and the transistor 9 in Fig. 2 are bypassed and the output is directly connected. 100% power is applied to the fluorescent discharge lamp 6 through the glue cage transformer 5 (Rapid Start M) shown in FIG. 1 and the paralast choke 10 shown in FIG.

In Fig. 1, the light is turned on instantly, and in Fig. 2, the glow starter 11 in the figure is started, the light is turned on, and after heat running for about 10 to 20 minutes, the timer 7 in the figure is activated and 3. The bypass switch is opened to start the power-saving optical device.

In Figure 1, the variable resistor (8 in the figure) attached to the phase control ignition circuit with a built-in thyristor device (2 in the figure) is varied to 30% or more.
Generally, power saving control of about 40% is performed in all cases.

At this time, the thyristor output voltage waveform is shown in Figure 5 (b). The transient high voltage parasitic vibration multiplied by Q = T (R is the direct current resistance valve L) is approximately 2 to 5 times the power input superimposed on the power output. The cause of this is due to the LC combination of the ballast 5 in the figure and the power factor correction capacitor 4, which destroys the insulation of the ballast 5 and causes the ballast 6 in the figure 2. A spike voltage is latent in the discharge lamp near the center of the voltage waveform at both ends of the discharge lamp (the thyristor's turn-on phase) as shown in FIG. 5C, and this shortens the discharge lamp life and is the cause of flickering. Diagram d in Figure 5 shows the tube current, which is inductive even at a high power factor and has a delayed phase, but since the phase is not directly relevant to the present invention, it is shown in the same phase to simplify the drawing. ing.

In Fig. 5d, if the current becomes 0 or exceeds the ion extinction time during the cutoff period of power 2 from 0° to I and yr-uz, flicker will occur and the tube life will be significantly shortened.

On the other hand, flicker occurs while changing the variable resistor and stabilizes when the amount of dimming is further increased. Similarly, flicker phase is latent in 2 to 3 stages, which not only prevents smooth dimming but also increases power supply voltage and power. When the rate changes, potential flicker phase angles are exposed and damage the device. The reason for this is that this phenomenon occurs when the peaks and valleys of the amplitude of the LC transient resonance are large, making it a dangerous power-saving dimming device and including the fatal flaws A and F mentioned above. It is wiser to avoid putting it into practical use even if it has a practical effect.

Next, for the transistor 9 in FIG. 2 of the present invention, the proposed L
rc/I'+'lt'fgNO, 5s -077117
In this issue, the pulse band rfJ is adjusted by varying the variable resistor 8 in the figure in contrast to the peak value and the total center, and only this phase range is set as the switch-on period and power is applied to the output. Although the principle was the voltage discrimination comparator C level clip circuit symbolized by a Zener diode in the present invention)
In the figure, reference numeral 12 has a built-in amplifier that sends out a signal 1800 times the opposite of that of the transistor dimming device of the previous application.9. Therefore, contrary to the previous application, the output at 9 in the figure cuts off the output during the period of the pulse band around the peak value, so the output voltage waveform as shown in figure e in Figure 5 is transmitted through the parast choke at 10 in the figure. When applied to a 6th grade fluorescent discharge lamp, a voltage waveform at both ends of the discharge lamp appears as shown in figure f in Figure 5, and a trapezoidal current with very little change in amplitude exhibits flat twin peaks as shown in figure g. voltage.

Reveal current characteristics.

That is, FIG. 2 of the present invention is the No. of the patents proposed earlier.

The output of Zener diode 7 in the circuit of Figure 2 of No. 55-077117 is simply inverted and amplified by 180° via an amplifier 13, and therefore the phase angle of reduction of the 'rl force is Everything is the opposite, and in the pulse band lJ method of the previous application, the symmetric K pulse 1] is turned on for a shifted period and sends the output to the load side around the peak value. Since the amplifier shown in the lower part of the voltage discriminator comparator c level clip circuit synchronized with the power supply (symbolized by the Zener diode in Figure 12) is newly added, the on period of the earlier application is turned off, and therefore the voltage around the peak value is A modified alternating current voltage waveform having four peaks within IHz appears, as shown in Figure 5e, where the center of the sine wave is reduced by being off for the phase angle period.

This output looks like an extreme transient oscillation waveform, but in the case of a load stabilizer (parast choke) and a fluorescent discharge lamp, it is a flickerless lighting that is geometrical to the inverter output with a frequency twice the power supply frequency. High power factor characteristics and stability, which cannot be obtained with conventional thyristor phase dimming, have been made possible through reduction processing using an AC power source.

FIG. 3 shows another application example of the embodiment of the present invention, which is shown in a principle block diagram like FIG. 2.

13 in the figure is a power transformer for floating the signal section applied to the transistor, and 1 in the figure 2.
4 is a power synchronization circuit symbolized by a Zener diode and an extension 1
] The monostable multivibrator-A 1c, which is a device and creates pulses synchronized with the zero cross with 10 Schmitts, is called the next 15 one-shot multi.
to start.

Furthermore, B is activated in synchronization with the fall of the output of A, and is constructed of a monomultiply of up to n stages of a predetermined number of time-division stages. In the diagram, 3
It is displayed in rows, but A in the 112th row and n = c in the 3rd row.
When the output of B is applied to the diode bridge + transistor of 17 through the OR of 16, and this time division period is turned on and the operation period of B is turned off, the output will be around the peak value, which is equivalent to the reversal method in the pulse band of Fig. 2. It is also possible to create the output waveform shown in Figure 5 e in which the pulse width is reduced (cut-off), and at the same time, by installing and adjusting a variable resistor in each monostable multivibrator circuit, the pulse width can be reduced. The variable and phase angle shifts can be operated simultaneously and depend on factors such as load power factor, voltage, 'N, current, or inductive or capacitive impedance, etc. υ compared to traditional thyristor phase control systems. For discharge lamps that cannot be used (for example, mercury lamps, etc.), IJ lamps, metal halide lamps, etc., we select the optimal pulse width 2 time division number for each load condition and configure the optimal power-saving dimmer. We were able to achieve the creation of basic technical ideas.

In other words, a sine wave AC power supply is inappropriate as a power source for a discharge lamp that performs power-saving dimming, and it is necessary to use a voltage of 9 frequencies, a cutoff period,
Considering factors such as power factor 1, etc., the sine wave alternating current
It is intended to carry out all the processing to approximate the optimum conditions through reduction processing, and as specified in the claims, it is time-divided into pulses of 1J in the optimum phase angle range in synchronization with the power supply and in accordance with the load conditions. A power-saving dimmer device for a discharge lamp, characterized in that the output power is controlled from a commercial power supply by varying the pulse width or increasing/decreasing the number of time divisions.
T- was able to provide.

The pulse width is controlled by fully varying the CR time constant,
In addition, the number of time divisions is selected here by increasing or decreasing the number of stages n'l, and even if the number of stages is the same, the cutoff period of the previous stage is shifted and the total reset phase of the latter stage (indicated by BST in the figure) is set at the angular time point. It is also possible to reduce the number of stages one after another by moving the number of stages up to one point.These technical means can be used to elegantly configure the equipment by combining known means within the scope of the prior art and making selections based on design specifications that can be freely selected. It should be possible.

In short, all you have to do is reduce the AC power supply and vary the pulse width, or increase or decrease the number of time divisions, and apply technical means that can control the output power without using the commercial power supply. Table multivibrator - not limited to circuits 2 For example, combination circuit of monostable multi to conventional thyristor firing trigger circuit, sequentially built mb
It goes without saying that the control means for the bucket brigade circuit IM, power synchronization point castle circuit, shift register, counter, clip-flop, etc., 10 combination circuits such as power supply synchronization quimmer combination circuit, etc., also achieve the same and equivalent effects. .

Next, FIG. 4 shows another application example of the embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a power transformer that floats the control section. 14 is a power supply synchronization circuit, symbolized by a Zener diode.

In the figure, 19 is a synchronous pulse generation circuit (symbolized by JT, but any synchronous trigger pulse generation circuit can be used (any conventional thyristor firing circuit can be applied). However, the next stage 20 The GTO Zyristor requires positive polarity for the on-pulse and negative polarity for the off-pulse, and applies a positive pulse equivalent to that of a conventional SCR.The turn-off pulse gates a reverse current of about 4~''/2o of the piezoelectric current. 10μ to
The turn-off pulse is applied by turning all the negative polarity drivers 21 in the figure for approximately 15 μs. Diagram h in FIG. 6 shows the on/off control pulse voltage waveform of the GTO thyristor.

Figure i shows the controlled output voltage waveform and is the same as Figure e in Figure 5.

In the positive half cycle, such positive and negative control pulses are alternately applied to the power source 1 in the figure and the anode 20 in the lower side in the figure.
In the negative half cycle, a selective voltage is applied to the 2OA GTO thyristor on the upper side of the figure of the anode on the side of the power supply. The controlled power has the same effect as the transistor-applied power-saving discharge lamp-light device shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.

In addition, it is advantageous in terms of design specifications because overcurrent resistance and slippage are increased.

In the application of the present invention, a power control device equipped with a forced commutation means equivalent to a conventional thyristor inverter can also be applied in place of the GTO, although this has the disadvantage of complicating the commutation circuit. But such GTO or 8 C1%
, etc., the number of time divisions is reduced and 1
Semi-fixed control is preferable, with only about 3 divisions, and sufficient consideration must be taken to prevent commutation failure, and applications with less geo-off are advantageous.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a conventional thyristor current phase angle control with one forced commutation as an applied example of the present invention.

In other words, while the tank is turned on around the peak value and natural commutation is performed at the 0 cross to turn off, it is quite the opposite when the tank is turned on at the O cross and forced commutation is complete around the peak value.When this forced commutation phase is shifted. The signal waveform is shown in Figure 6 (j), the figure shows the output voltage waveform, and the figure shows the tube voltage at both ends when the load is a glow-kick type fluorescent discharge lamp with a ballast choke of 10 in Figure 2 as a ballast. The figure is a current. This is a power-saving dimming method based on a reversal concept that can be called advanced phase dimming, which is the complete opposite of conventional dimming.
Demonstrated power-saving control characteristics.

Noiseless discharge lamp dimming was achieved by using 1.0 cross turn on.

2. When turn-off is performed around the peak value, there is no transient current, and the waveform is simply a sine wave with a slight dip in the latter half of the sine wave alternating current, and the optimal conditions are applied to the discharge tube.

3. The charge charged in the power factor correction capacitor within the advanced phase angle flows out to the discharge tube through the second half [L = i, and during this period, the load side is cut off from the power supply, and the incoming power is transferred to the load side. The power factor is almost 1, making it the most rational and economical power-saving dimmer.

4. The tube current is a right-sloping trapezoidal wave with a low peak value, and the circulating current has almost no amount of resting paddy on average, so it is an ideal light control device that does not cause flicker and has extremely high stability. was completed.

5. Conventional transient vibration suppression and noise prevention 11. F C or C, It or for rest period current bypass, C, J
All accessory parts such as the
=/Δt extremely crystalline high frequency 10i (HZ whisker-like pulse is generated only by inserting 0.1 μF and CRI of several tens of Ω to several hundreds of ohms in parallel with a semiconductor element such as a thyristor or transistor) It is possible to completely eliminate it.

As mentioned above, the form of phase advance control based on the inversion concept of thyristor phase control is one of the applied variations of the invention shown in FIGS. The application of the technical concept of the present invention is ideal and rational for the power-saving dimming device of a high power factor fluorescent discharge lamp with a glow kick type power factor correction capacitor in front, which is not possible with conventional thyristors such as thyristors. This is the device.

The reverse idea of the transistor-based discharge lamp dimming device that the present inventor previously applied for, which cuts off the phase around the peak values shown in Figures d, e, and f of Figure 5, is based on the conventional thyristor. The present invention is versatile in its applied form and achieves effects and benefits that are unachievable with such applied equipment.

A. The phase angle range around the peak value is essential for full lighting, but once a sufficiently stable region is reached, the ballast cage effect occurs, and the region reaches the saturation region where the power factor deteriorates the most. This corresponds to , and when the entire power is cut off during this period, the current decreases in proportion to the power, and the power factor improves and becomes close to 1.

The double-peak voltage in the half-wave of the sine wave, 'ffL current waveform, gold waveform, produces an effect equivalent to raising the frequency to twice the frequency of the power supply, and can be used for conventional flickerless lighting (L, e'kM The lighting system for two lamps used was realized in 1!i) and ballasts, which were completely licker-less and power-saving lighting.

The first half of the tan-on is O-cross or a low voltage positive phase close to it, and at the time of the second half of the tan-on, there is sufficient current flowing even in the high potential phase around the peak value, so the impedance is low. Both C and 4-pin circuits are Q-dumped, and the cut-off period is extremely short, so sufficient power is saved and the switch is turned on again.
As shown in the figure, only a slight transient phenomenon occurred, and no transient high voltage occurred, resulting in an ideal waveform.

This technology enables fluorescent discharge lamp dimming without the occurrence of transient phenomena, which was previously impossible, and mercury lamps.

It has now become possible to produce a power-saving dimmer for other discharge lamps, such as sodium lamp 1, which utilizes a glue cage transformer.

E. Due to the shortcomings of the earlier application's transistor-based discharge lamp dimmer device, there is no need to utilize near characteristics at all. It is extremely reasonable because it has become possible.

It has become possible to provide the equipment economically.

We were able to achieve unique functions and effects through the creation of technical ideas unique to the present invention.

The configuration of the present invention is explained in Fig. 2, in which the output of a zener diode that clips the area around the peak value is amplified and inverted and applied to the means for acquiring all the signals that cut off the area around the peak value. However, exactly the same signal as this can be obtained by applying three sets of mono multivibrators synchronized with the power supply according to the circuit shown in Figure 3.
By ORing the outputs of 3 and 3, it is possible to easily obtain the same signal. In this way, the methods and means for each circuit can be applied in various combinations, and on the other hand, as shown in FIG.
The power control elements such as the transistor shown in Figure 3 or the GTO thyristor shown in Figure 4 are not limited to these; for example, an SCit thyristor equipped with a forced commutation means may have a slightly different circuit configuration. However, the idea of the present invention is that it is synchronized with the power supply and has a means for time division into an optimal phase angle range according to the load conditions, and the pulse width can be varied or the number of time divisions can be completely increased or decreased to make it commercially viable. It is good if it is possible to fully control the output power with the power supply.Generally, pulse band 1
1] is about 30% to 40qb power-saving dimming, cutting around the peak value by 1 to 21 nS for a 5Q Hz power supply, and cutting around 0 cross by about 3 to 6 mS. (The limit is 2 to 6.) Good results can be obtained with 1 to 3 pulses within a half wave, but it depends on the load conditions, i.e. power factor, voltage, current, type of discharge lamp. Although it is necessary to determine the design and specifications by selecting and combining the above condition ranges depending on the pipe characteristics, etc., it is possible to manufacture a power-saving light control device that relies on a simple configuration and easily achieves the functions and effects of the present invention. It should be possible for an ordinary engineer to do this.

As described above, the semiconductor element of the power-saving control device connected in series between the power supply and the discharge lamp lighting device is turned on and off using a commercial sine wave alternating current, and the optimum pulse period for the discharge lamp is set at 9 o'clock. We were able to achieve the purpose of creating a new technical means to provide an extremely rational and economical device that reduces the number of divisions, applies and supplies power, and performs power-saving dimming.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the principle configuration of an example of a conventional thyristor-applied discharge lamp power-saving dimming device. Figure 2 is the inventor's earlier application, patent application No. 55-077117.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an example of the principle of implementing the present invention based on a reversal signal of the number. FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the principle of an example of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the principle configuration of an example in which a GTO thyristor is applied to a semiconductor device. Figure 5 is a diagram of voltage and current waveforms in each city. Figure a in the figure is a commercial sine wave AC power supply voltage waveform diagram. The figure in the figure is a controlled output voltage waveform diagram of the thyristor phase control discharge lamp dimmer device shown in FIG. Figure C in the figure is a voltage waveform diagram at both ends of the discharge lamp in Figure 1. Figure d in the figure is a current waveform diagram of the discharge lamp tube in Figure 1. Figure e in the figure is an example of a controlled output voltage waveform diagram according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in Figure 2. Figure f in the figure is a voltage waveform diagram at both ends of the discharge lamp in Figure 2. Figure g in the figure is a current waveform diagram of discharge lamp G1 in Figure 2. Figure 6 shows the signal voltages at various parts of the applied examples of Figures 2 and 4;
Controlled voltage and current waveform diagram. The middle diagram in the figure is a signal 'voltage waveform diagram of the implementation of FIG. 4. Figure i in the figure is a controlled voltage waveform diagram at that time. Figure J in the figure is a signal voltage waveform diagram of an example in which the GTO of Figure 4 is combined with the load of Figure 2. The diagram in the figure shows the pressure waveform of the controlled output output at that time. The figure in the figure is a voltage waveform diagram at both ends of the discharge lamp at that time. Figure m in the figure is a discharge lamp tube current waveform diagram at that time. In Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, 1 is a commercial AC power supply, 2 is an AC phase control thyristor, and 3 is a bypass
4 is a power factor correction capacitor, 5 is a cage transformer for rabbit type wall light discharge lamp, 6 is a fluorescent discharge lamp, 7 is a timer, 8 is a dimming variable resistor, 9 is a diode switch for AC control + transistor, 1o is a ballast choke type discharge lamp ballast, 11 is a glow starter, 12 is a power synchronization peak value clipper and inverting amplification control circuit, 13 is a control section isolation transformer, 14 is an electric gamma original) υ] circuit , 1
5 is a monostable multivibrator, 216 is an OR gate, 17 is a diode bridge + transistor, and 9
18 is a discharge lamp load circuit, 19 is a synchronous trigger pulse generation circuit, 20 is a G'vO zyristor, 2
1 is a GTO tongue-off bar/I/striver, 22 is a cage transformer for the radial lamp, and 23 is the radial lamp. Special W To Applicant Hirano K Sanrani J) Numa 21 Blade Acquisition 4 Saw 5)” IAVX! I

Claims (1)

[Claims] In a power-saving dimming device for a semi-four-body discharge lamp, a transistor is provided between a discharge lamp auxiliary light device and a second image source. GTO, a thyristor with forced commutation means. It is characterized in that it is configured by connecting all the power control devices in series for semiconductor applications such as the following, and controls the pulse width in the optimum phase angle range in time and in synchronization with the source and corresponding to the load conditions. A power-saving dimmer for discharge lamps.