JPS5978651A - Crude feed prepared by steaming broadleaf tree - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a crude feed suitable for ruminants, by cooking a broadleaf tree material with steam. CONSTITUTION:Chips or sawdust of a broadleaf tree, e.g. Japanese beech or white beech, and cooked with steam at 170 deg.C(8kg/cm<2>)-230 deg.C(30kg/cm<2>) for 0.3-30min to give >=40% digestive ratio intake by ruminats.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a steamed broad-leaved roughage suitable for breeding animals obtained by steam-cooking the broad-leaved moon.

Currently, as of February 1981, the number of cattle raised in Japan is 4.5 million, including 2.1 million dairy cattle and 2.4 million beef cattle, and the amount of roughage required for this is self-sufficient feed for the Livestock Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. According to Isa's Kokogetsukuda, it is about 100 in terms of dry matter.
It is said to be 1,000,000 tons.

There is a chronic shortage of roughage, and what is supplied to the market as distributed roughage is approximately 480,000 tons of dried leather and 120 to 150 tons of rice straw.
The actual situation is that about 85% of the former is imported.

This kind of distributed roughage has a curved surface or production surface.

Because storage costs tend to increase during the day, and this tends to put pressure on livestock farmers' ability to bear the costs, it would be desirable if a low-cost alternative roughage that could be easily supplied close to the consumption area, for example, could be obtained. It is considered to be short-lived.

By the way, in the field of research on the use of aqueous phases, research has been carried out on methods such as extracting soluble sugars by steaming wood chips, or decomposing and digesting them with cellulase thread enzymes. Generally, when paulownia is steamed in high-temperature, high-pressure steam, the a7tyl groups contained in hemicellulose are liberated and acetic acid is produced. Under such acidic conditions, a portion of hemicellulose undergoes hydrolysis and becomes low in molecular weight, becoming soluble in water. It is also said that lignin becomes plasticized and can be extracted with organic solvents or alkalis.

This means that by steaming the wood cell wall structure IIA 75'
? f1. Even in the presence of lignin, the digestibility of cellulose and other substances by enzymes increases. In other words, water obtained by steaming with cellulose is equivalent to tJf as energy for a cow or I with a capacity of 1°:
It can be said that I(!i!) has become possible.

Based on the above knowledge, the inventors of the present invention have conducted various studies on the use of water as roughage for livestock such as cattle, and as a result, they have arrived at the present invention.

That is, the present inventors have developed the following method: using alfalfa-containing cubes, which are currently a typical rough food on the market; The steamed and suppressed samples were heated to 7.3 W+'J, respectively.
Salary LJj at the table. That is, 3 to 5 pieces of native goats were applied to each of the base mine area with alfalfa only, the sawdust area fed with untreated sawdust, and the steamed sample area fed with steamed samples, and all Digestion tests were conducted using the fecal sampling method.

As a result, it was confirmed that goat VC ingested Is, 11 all around in each area, and 2 of the intake type 111t.
The results of the humanization rate are shown in Table 1. Figure 1 shows the changes in the body size of U' sheep during the test period.

Table 1 Digestion test results with goat
(water vapor pressure 10 + < fj/σ12) and temperature 1,11
The test period was 7 days each using 2Cg and 1% of the test period.
Me0 consumption (L≧t; ri fil L te The digestibility of the other 3 sections was determined.Test 4 smell f'r 1F is mekuyF 44.! / of dry matter per 9 pieces of food, 11 calories. ('Minerals and water were available ad libitum.('AA, /l-(
(Conducted at the Livestock Experiment Station of the Ministry of Industry and Trade).

As is clear from Table 1, the sawdust of Shiracan 9 was not digested at all, but the digestibility of the steamed Shiracan sawwood reached t/'i 60%, which was comparable to that of alfalfa hay cubes. In addition, the change in body weight during the goat digestion test period (Fig. 1) shows that although it decreased in the untreated group (sawdust group), it decreased in the untreated group (sawdust group), but in the steamed sample group it was equivalent to the basic group with only alfalfa cubes. The results were as follows. From the above, it has been confirmed that roughage with an energy value comparable to that of alfalfa dry leather can be produced from the broad-leaved tree camphor by steam-cooking and steaming under high temperature and pressure.

Based on the above results, we repeatedly investigated the applicability of the ice phase of famous rt species such as the present invention as roughage when the chips (or sawdust) are steamed under various conditions. Basically, broad-leaved trees can be used as roughage, and the roughage of the present invention is provided as an alternative roughage to the currently available hay cubes and rice straw, and is essential for the growth of wild animals. From the perspective of having to meet sufficient requirements, the digestibility of the hei-cube and rice straw should be at least 40% in comparison with the digestibility of the rice straw (60 scoops for the former and about 40 scoops for the latter). The present invention has been completed.

On the face of it, the gist of the present invention is to provide a wide range of lumber length f (length 10
~'15 m+n, width 10-20, thickness 2-5 m
m) or sawdust, if the digestion rate when ingested by other animals is 4.
It is a roughage whose sexual characteristic is that it is boiled in steam so that it has a concentration of 0% or more.

In addition, when relatively large ice phase chips are used as forage, V, 1. In order to improve the ease of ingestion by animals, after the chips are steamed, they are placed about the size of a matshu axis and placed below. It is advisable to perform post-processing.

The present invention is expected to utilize the sound of unused tree species such as single-mounted broad-leaved trees, and reduce the cost of livestock farmers by simplifying the steaming process and reducing the cost of roughage to be supplied. It has had the effect of contributing eight pages to Japan, and has contributed a great deal to the development of the domestic forestry industry.

The present invention will be described in more detail below. An evaluation test of the steamed product obtained from a famous broad-leaved tree as roughage was carried out using the enzymatic digestibility of the steamed product using simple Nodame commercially available Hirulase. The digestibility (i
ll, tl indicates a slope measured as a value that is approximately approximate but slightly lower than the actual digestibility value (in some cases, about 10-20% lower as digestibility (fl)). Zugoto has been observed in Japan, but it is feared that this is due to the fact that this is an actual animal that chews on the opposite side.

Sample roughage production from hardwood was performed as follows.

1. When hardwood I chips were used, each part was steamed with water vapor for a predetermined period of time, and defibration was performed as a post-cooking treatment.

2 When hardwood sawdust was used, steaming was only performed for a predetermined time using steam at a constant pressure.

Enzyme digestion tests are performed using the commercially available Trichoderrr
+ avirirle-derived heptarulase thread enzyme (Meicelase; registered trademark; Meiji Seika ■fA) was used, and
A steamed sample of o pry was shaken for 48 hours at 40°C in 10 ml of l/'10 molar acetic acid buffer with an enzyme concentration of 0.5%, and the amount of reducing sugar produced was determined by the chemomody-Nernon method. Digestibility was determined by multiplying by 09 and dividing 1 by the sample used.

Table 2 shows the samples obtained by boiling 4 pieces of ordinary wide-cut scum (60 to 80 mesh) which are in good condition with the above conditions. The same percentage of
α1 of EiJ soluble sugar, which is said to improve enzyme digestibility.
There are 7J results.

Table 2 Enzyme digestibility of steamed hardwood sawdust (180°C, 20 minutes)
The samples were steamed at 80° C. for 15 minutes and then defibrated, and the same measurement results as in Table 2 were obtained.

Table 3 Enzyme digestibility of steaming place QL da broad leaf ze 1j chig (1
As is clear from the results in Tables 2 and 3, when the hardwood materials are steamed, they exhibit an enzyme digestibility of 40% or more, which is superior to the currently available rice straw. ,
As mentioned above, the enzyme digestibility in this test tends to show slightly lower grains than when actually fed to slaughtered animals, but these are sufficient targets for roughage, and the overall In other words, it is important to show a similar facial orientation.

Moreover, it has the highest accumulated amount (9,205 nl) of this kind of roughage in Japan, and has the lowest enzymatic digestibility.
Table 4 shows the measurement results of yield, enzyme digestibility, and oJ bathing sugar soybean when steamed under various conditions using Bunari, which can be considered as standard paulownia among broad-leaved paulownia, based on the determined results. It was shown to. Major Japanese hardwoods have lignin of 168%.
~298%, average 23.6%, and 133%
~268 section.

The beech phase contains 17.1% on average, but the lignin and benzane content of the beech phase is 23.8% and 186%, and is considered to be a standard grain from the standpoint of water use components.

Table 4: Enzyme quenching of Buna paulownia guts and sawdust steamed under various conditions. As is clear from Tables 2 and 3, there is no significant difference in the effect of steaming on enzyme digestibility whether the raw material is sawdust or nuts.

What can be understood from this conclusion is that when the steaming conditions are below 170°C, the destruction of the cell wall structure of the ice phase 4(i) is not sufficient. The enzymatic digestibility is either difficult to obtain or essential (it is not practical to boil for a long time at 230°C, and the enzymatic digestibility is not suitable for practical use. This is the maximum, and even if the enzyme is processed at a higher temperature, the enzyme digestibility will not increase further, so it is not suitable for practical use.

Based on the above, the purpose of the present invention is to use hardwood-cut chig or C sawdust as a base material 4 and [7]
Reflecting on this, roughage is steamed with steam so that it has a digestive insult of over 40 when ingested by animals, but if we are to identify this from the two cases of steaming σ in the production of roughage, it is necessary to use hardwood materials. Steam the nodji, f or sawdust to a degree (
In relation to saturated water vapor pressure) and time, 170°C (
8kg/σ2) ~ 23oC (30kl?/cm2) 0
It can be steamed for 3 to 30 minutes at 170℃ (8kg/m2) ++
20-30 minutes 180℃ (10y)...1()-2
0 minutes 190℃ (13N)...10-20 minutes 200
°C (16F) -5 to 10 minutes 215 °C (22N
)...03~5 minutes 230℃ (30#)...03~
By steaming in 2-force rows 1-iv, roughage having an effect of 191 l is obtained.

Figure 2 shows, based on the test results, the range of cooking conditions in which a steamed sample obtained from hardwood harvest shows a digestibility of 1) 40% or more in an enzyme test and can be suitably used as roughage. be.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure U4-i Figure 1 shows a comparison of the body 5411 when three types of samples are ingested by goats, and Figure 2 shows suitable examples of steaming conditions at different temperatures and times. This is an illustration. Word X, 11 days of meals - 2 procedural amendments. 1. Relationship with Kushii I (1979, 'r 111 No. 1 g'7)
6 Total No. 2 To Marunouchi Sen7111 Building 3301 "2 (3667) '(j'1"-・;-Kano 1
- 8 Contents of the amendment
The following matters have been amended and omitted from the detailed description. On page 1 and page 2, line 11, the text ``tip'' has been corrected to ``tip''. 2. In the 12th line of page 8i￥5, the text ``Ming et al.'' has been corrected to ``Ichimei et al.''. Agent Teru Nagi Taniyama

Claims (1)

[Claims] A roughage made by steaming broad-leaved wood, characterized in that chips or sawdust from broad-leaved wood are steam-steamed so that the digestibility when ingested by animals is 40% or more.