JPS5977471A - Recording device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To reduce power consumption by providing heat sources to both transfer rotating body and press-contacting rotating body, determining the performance of transfer to a following tansfer material by the temperature of one rotating body, and determining the performance of transfer by the temperature of the other rotating body as an auxiliary factor. CONSTITUTION:The temperature detection part consisting of a heat sensitive element 14 is provided near the surface of a heat roll 7 for determining transfer and fixation performance; temperature information from this detection part is inputted to a control part except in recording operation and a signal from this control part 15 is supplied to switch parts 16 and 17 of heaters 7A and 9A respectively. Namely, the control part 15 has, for example, a microcomputer and each set heating temperature information on both rolls 7 and 9 is memorized; when the actual temperature of the heat roll 7 deviates from set temperature, an electric power supplied to the heater 7A is turned on and off and the control part 15 where the set heating temperature of the other roll 9 is stored supplies a control signal corresponding to the temperature information on the roll 7 to the switch circuit part 17 to control power supply to the heater 9A.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an image carrier such as a photoreceptor drum that holds a toner image, a toner image on the image carrier, and a method for transferring the toner image onto a recording paper or the like. The method further includes an intermediate transfer body, for example, a belt-like intermediate transfer body, which is further transferred to the transfer material, and the transfer part to the transfer material is composed of a transfer rotary body (for example, a roll) and a pressing rotary body (for example, a roll) that presses against the transfer body. The invention relates to recording devices, particularly electrostatic recording or electrophotographic copying devices.

Conventionally, in recording devices such as electrostatic recording and electrophotography, an electrostatic charge image is formed on an image carrier such as a photoreceptor drum, and this is developed with a developer mixed with toner and carrier as necessary. An image is formed based on a process in which the obtained toner image is electrostatically transferred onto a transfer sheet, for example, and further fixed.

However, when a toner image is electrostatically transferred onto a transfer sheet (recording material) using a transfer electrode such as a copier, charge disturbance occurs and the resolution of the toner image is reduced. Furthermore, when a conductive magnetic toner, which has been recently recommended, is used as the toner, further charge disturbance occurs, resulting in a state in which transfer is virtually impossible.

As a method to improve the above-mentioned drawbacks of electrostatic transfer, attempts have been made to suppress transfer onto a transfer sheet using a suppressor roll, but the transfer efficiency is poor and only about half the amount of toner image is transferred. There is a disability.

Therefore, for example, in Japanese Patent Publication No. 46-41679, Japanese Patent Publication No. 48-22763, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 49-78559, and US Pat. No. 3,993,825, intermediate transfer using rubber as a transfer layer is proposed. The toner image is compressed and transferred onto the transfer sheet, and the transferred toner image is heated and melted using a heating roll, and is then compressed and transferred onto the transfer sheet and fixed (
A method of transferring (transfer fixing) has been proposed. In such a method, for example silicone rubber or fluoro rubber,
The toner image is suppressed and transferred to the surface layer of a rubber-based transfer layer that has a releasing property on the one hand and a property of adhering fine particles when suppressed, and the toner image on this transfer layer is transferred to a heating body such as a heating roll. The image is heated and melted by contact, and is transferred under pressure onto a transfer sheet fed at the same time and fixed. That is, since the toner image melted by heating is easily transferred and fixed onto the transfer sheet based on the above-mentioned releasability of the transfer layer, there is no reduction in the resolution of the toner image due to the transfer process, and a high transfer rate is achieved. It is said that transcription will be realized.

In this known recording device, the transfer and fixing section is composed of a heating roll (which may also serve as an intermediate transfer member) and a pressure contact μm roller that is pressed against the heating roll. By passing the belt-shaped intermediate transfer member and recording paper (transfer sheet) while being sandwiched therebetween, the toner image on the intermediate transfer belt is transferred and fixed onto the recording paper. In this case, by placing a heat source on the pressure roll side and operating while heating both rolls, it is possible to maintain the intermediate transfer body and the recording paper at a temperature sufficient for transfer and fixation, which is an effective method for improving transfer and fixation properties. This is a great strategy.

However, in the case of this double roll heating method, the present inventors have found that there are the following problems. That is, since the electric power supplied to the heat source of each roll is large, if electric power is supplied to each heat source at the same time, an excessive current will flow and a large amount of power supply will be required. This is extremely inconvenient, especially during copying operations, since a large amount of power must be supplied to the exposure lamp and the like while the photosensitive drum is rotating after the copy button is turned on. This is because the power consumption during the copying operation becomes extremely large and requires a larger power supply capacity than normal, making a general household power supply insufficient, which limits the range of use of the copying machine and its use. Practicality will be limited.

As a result of considering the above-mentioned situation, the present inventor found that the following special phenomenon occurs in the above-mentioned double roll heating method. That is, the temperature of one of the two rolls (for example, the pressure roll) determines (or controls) the above-mentioned transfer fixing properties, and the temperature of the other roll (for example, the heating roll that also serves as an intermediate transfer member) promotes the transfer fixing properties. Particularly during the copying operation, the heating roll can be heated to a certain temperature (necessary for assisting transfer fixing) due to the temperature of the pressure roll. This is a phenomenon that occurs significantly when the heating roll is made of a material with a large heat capacity.

The present invention has been made based on these findings, and it is possible to achieve good transferability (and fixation) to a transfer material without consuming a large amount of power, especially during recording operations such as copying. The purpose of this invention is to provide a recording device with sufficient practicality.

The purpose of this is that in the recording apparatus mentioned at the beginning, a heat source (for example, a built-in heater lamp) is disposed in both the transfer rotary body and the pressure contact rotary body, and one of the rotary bodies is heated. The temperature mainly determines the transferability to the next transfer material, and the temperature of the other rotating body supplementarily determines the transferability, and at least during the recording operation, the heat source on the other rotating body side This is achieved by a recording device characterized in that the power supply is cut off.

According to the present invention, since power is not supplied to the (auxiliary) heat source on the other rotating body at least during the recording operation, the power consumption of the recording apparatus as a whole can be suppressed to a practical level. I can do it. Therefore, the power supply capacity can be of a standard size, and the practicality of the device can be improved. This is based on the knowledge that even if the heat source of the other rotating body is turned off, the heat of the rotating body that controls the transferability will heat the other rotating body to a sufficient temperature. Moreover, by turning off the heat source of the other rotating body, it is possible to prevent deterioration of the thermal characteristics of the image carrier (particularly the photoreceptor).

Note that since both rotating bodies maintain a sufficient temperature, the transferability to the next transfer material is also good.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

First, referring to FIG. 1, an outline of a recording apparatus having an intermediate transfer belt will be explained.

In this recording device, a known latent image forming mechanism 2, a developing mechanism 3, and a cleaning mechanism 4 are sequentially provided in the rotational direction in a region along the outer circumferential surface of an image carrier 1 such as a rotating drum type photoreceptor drum. ing. Developing mechanism 3 IJ
In the transfer area A between the transfer mechanism 4 and the transfer mechanism 4, an intermediate transfer body 5 made of an endless belt is pressed against a suppression (transfer) roll 6.
As a result, it is pressed against the outer circumferential surface of the image carrier 1.

As clearly shown in FIG. 2, the intermediate transfer belt 5 is made of a flexible film substrate 20 made of polyimide or the like and coated with an adhesive layer 21, such as silicone rubber.

In addition to the pressure roll 6, the intermediate transfer belt 5 is mounted on a heating roll 7, which is a transfer fixing roll, and a tension roller 8, and is moved at a constant speed in the same direction as the image carrier 1 in the transfer area A. and toward the intermediate transfer body heating area B on the heating roll 7.

Further, a cleaning roller 12 is disposed opposite to the tension roller 8, and a charge eliminating member 13 such as a charge eliminating brush that prevents the belt 5 from being charged is further provided.

In the transfer and fixing area C at or near the separation point of the intermediate transfer belt 5 on the heating roll 7 , a pressure roll 9 is provided so as to be pressed against the roll 7 . A transfer material heating plate 10 is placed along a transfer material heating area immediately before the transfer fixing area C in a transfer material moving path P of a transfer material constituted by a recording sheet, which is set to pass through this transfer fixing area C. is located.

Using the apparatus configured as described above, in this example, the toner image formed on the image carrier is finally transferred and fixed onto the transfer material in the following manner.

First, the toner image T on the image carrier 1 is formed by developing a latent image formed by the latent image forming mechanism 2 with the developing mechanism 3. That is, when using electrophotography, the image carrier 1 is composed of a selenium-based, organic compound-based, zinc oxide or cadmium sulfide-based binder type, or other electrophotographic photoreceptor, and is used to form a latent image. According to mechanism 2,
After the entire outer peripheral surface of the image carrier 1 is charged, image exposure is performed to form a static latent image. When using electrostatic recording, the image carrier 1 is made of a dielectric material consisting of a conductive substrate and a dielectric surface layer, and (11) the image is converted into a static latent image by electrodes. A latent image is formed. Further, when a magnetic recording method is used, the image carrier 1 may be made of a magnetic material, and an image signal may be converted into a magnetic signal by a magnetized head to form a magnetic latent image.

If the latent image formed in this way is an electrostatic latent image, it is transferred to the developing mechanism 3 by toner, which is colored charged particles charged to the opposite polarity to the charge forming the latent image. It is considered a visible image. When the toner used here is a one-component conductive magnetic toner, the toner is developed by an electric charge induced in the toner. - Components When a conductive magnetic toner is used and a magnetic brush development method is used, one layer of the toner is formed as a single particle layer or a thin layer close to it, so the image quality and durability of the final image are improved. It is particularly preferred because it has excellent high-speed developability and allows good transfer without selecting a transfer material. If the latent image is a magnetic latent image, it is sufficient to develop it with magnetic toner, and it is possible to prevent the occurrence of image bleeding during transfer (12) and obtain a clear image.

Toner image T on image carrier 1 formed as described above
is transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt 5 in the transfer area A by the pressing force of the pressing roller 6.

The adhesive layer of the intermediate transfer belt 5, especially the silicone rubber layer,
At low temperatures, due to the appropriate adhesiveness of the surface and the rubber elasticity containing the toner, it is possible to overcome the toner retention force of the image carrier 1 in the transfer area A and sufficiently capture toner on the intermediate transfer body side.

In addition, since the surface energy of the silicone rubber layer is sufficiently small compared to normal transfer material materials, the toner is heated from the surface of the transfer material side in the transfer fixing area C, which will be described later, and the toner becomes fluid. When the transfer material is brought into pressure contact with the toner, the toner strongly adheres to the transfer material and is almost completely transferred and fixed onto the transfer material.

The heating roll 7 (main heating roll) has a heater 7A made of, for example, an infrared lamp built into a hollow metal roll made of aluminum or the like, and controls the temperature of the surface of this metal roll within an appropriate range. As a result, the intermediate transfer belt 5 and the toner image T thereon are heated in the area between the contact start point E with the intermediate transfer belt 5 and the transfer fixing area C, that is, the intermediate transfer body heating area B, and the toner image T on the intermediate transfer belt 5 is heated in the area C. The toner image has sufficient transfer and fixing properties. The pressure roll 9 in the transfer and fixing area C is configured as an auxiliary heating roll to improve transfer and fixing properties, and is a heat-resistant elastic roll with a surface layer of silicone rubber and a built-in heater lamp 9A. Ru. Further, the transfer material heating plate 10 in the illustrated example has a shape adapted to contact along the outer peripheral surface of the pressure roll 9, and the transfer material is heated between the surface of the pressure roll 9 and the transfer material heating plate 10. When the intermediate transfer member 5 is passed through the transfer material, the transfer material heating plate 10 contacts and heats the surface of the intermediate transfer member 5 to the extent that the toner image on the intermediate transfer member 5 is sufficiently transferred and fixed to the transfer material in the transfer fixing area C. Here, the coefficient of friction on the surface of the pressure roll 90 is greater than that on the surface of the transfer material heating plate 100. Therefore, as the surface moves due to the 90 rotations of the pressure roll, the surface of the fixed transfer material heating plate 10 is moved against the surface of the transfer material heating plate 100. slides and is heated by contact,
The image is transported to the transfer fixing area C. The transfer material preheated in this manner is transferred to the intermediate transfer belt 5 which has been heated together with the toner image by the heat roll 7 in the transfer fixing area C.
and are sandwiched and pressure-welded by pressure-welding rolls 9, and thereby,
Since the toner of the toner image is heated and pressed in a fluid state, it is reliably transferred and fixed onto the transfer material.

The transfer material that has passed through the transfer fixing area C is normally conveyed along the intermediate transfer belt 5 and separated from the intermediate transfer belt 5 by a tension roller 8 . Here, if the diameter of the tension roller 8 is made small, it is possible to easily separate the transfer material from the intermediate transfer belt 5, but by making it swing further, it is possible to prevent the intermediate transfer belt 5 from being unbalanced. It can also be prevented. After passing through the transfer fixing area C, the intermediate transfer belt 5 is partially cooled naturally, undergoes transfer again in the transfer area A, and then repeats the transfer fixing process in the transfer fixing area C.

In the figure, 11 is a cleaning roller, and the pressure (15
) This is to remove toner when it adheres to the contact roll 9.

Since the intermediate transfer belt 5, the toner, and the transfer material are heated together, the heating temperature required for each of them can be lowered, thereby eliminating the need to excessively heat each of them. In addition, the amount of heat dissipated can be suppressed to a small value, and the overall heat utilization rate can be greatly improved, making it possible to significantly reduce the total energy consumption. Further, it becomes possible to transfer and fix toner images at high speed. In addition, since the intermediate transfer belt 5 is not heated excessively, even if the image carrier 1 has basic characteristics such as a photoconductive photoreceptor that is sensitive to heat, its good characteristics can be maintained. It is possible to prevent inconveniences such as interference or part of the material components of the intermediate transfer belt 5 adhering to the image carrier 1, and the intermediate transfer belt 5 is not heated to a high temperature. By not being exposed to severe temperature changes, its durability can be maintained for a long period of time (16), or the heat resistance conditions required for the material of the intermediate transfer belt 5 can be relaxed, and the feather quality can be improved. The selection range is expanded and costs can be reduced. Further, the toner is not heated excessively, and image blurring or offset phenomena due to excessive fluidity of the toner do not occur.

In addition, the transfer material is not excessively heated, thermal deformation and wrinkles of the transfer material do not occur, and of course, there is virtually no risk of fire.

FIG. 4 shows an example in which the intermediate transfer body is of a roll type, and parts common to the above-described example are given common symbols and explanations are omitted.

In this example, for the intermediate transfer roll 25, which has an adhesive layer such as silicone rubber as a transfer layer on a metal four-wheel base,
Pressure roll 9 at a predetermined temperature that controls transfer and fixing properties from below
Both rolls 25 (auxiliary heating roll) and 9 (main heating roll) have built-in heaters 25A (auxiliary) and 9A (main heater) as described above, respectively.

A method using such an intermediate transfer roll has the advantage that the structure is much simpler than the intermediate transfer belt method, and the temperature of the roll can be easily controlled.

A notable feature of the recording apparatus shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is that the power supply to the auxiliary heater 9A or 25A is cut off at least during recording operations such as copying.

This means that when the copy button is turned on, the signal is sent to the control unit 1.
This can be realized by supplying 5.

Here, "during recording operation" means a state in the middle of a series of processes such as exposure process, development process, suppression transfer, and transfer fixing process, and "during non-recording operation" means excluding the above-mentioned recording operation. , refers to the idle link state after recording ends, etc.

To explain this with reference to Fig. 5, (to simplify the explanation with reference to the configuration of Fig. 3), during non-recording operation, the main heater 7A (Fig. 3) is selectively turned on to fix the temperature of the μm lua. As a result of turning off the pressure wool heater 9A, at least during the recording operation, the temperature is maintained at a temperature sufficient for auxiliary operation. In this case, the main heater may also be turned off during the recording operation, but in this case the power consumption can be even lower.

Further, during non-recording operation, it is preferable to release the pressure contact between the main roll 7 and the auxiliary roll 9. For this purpose, a drive means (see Fig. (not shown).

In addition, FIG. 3 (in this figure, only necessary members among the members shown in FIG. 1 are shown for ease of understanding).

), a temperature detection section consisting of a heat-sensitive element (e.g., a semiconductor temperature sensor such as a thermocouple or thermistor) 14 is disposed near the surface of the heating roll 7 that determines the transfer/fixing performance, and the The temperature information of the controller 15
Further, a control signal from this control section is input to each of the heaters 7A.

(19) It is desirable that the voltage be input to each of the 9A switch circuit sections 16 and 17, respectively. That is, the control unit 15 has, for example, a computer with a microphone, and stores the set heating temperatures of both rolls 7.9, and when the actual temperature of the heating roll 7 fluctuates from the set temperature, the control unit 15 adjusts the settings accordingly. A signal for changing the power of the heater 7A is given to the switch circuit section 16. As a result, for example, when the temperature of the heating roll 7 is too high, a signal is sent to the control unit 1 to cut off the power supply to the heater 7A.
5 to the switch 16, and vice versa, a signal is given to activate the heater 7A. At the same time, the control section 15, which also stores the set heating temperature for the other roll 9, gives a control signal corresponding to the temperature information of the roll 7 to the switch circuit section 17, thereby controlling the power supply to the heater 9A. is controlled. For example, the heater 9A of the roll 7 is proportional to the on/off time of the heater 7A.
A control signal that determines the on/off time of the
Alternatively, the heater 9A of the roll 9 can be turned on and off in synchronization with the turn on and off of the heater 7A of the roll 7 (2).
0) It is possible to change the power supplied to both heaters 7A and 9A. These controls themselves are programmed into the control circuit 15 in advance.

FIG. 6 shows an example of a timing chart for operating the heaters 7A and 9A in the apparatus configured as shown in FIG. 3. According to this, the temperature of the heating roll 7 is detected by the detection unit, and when this detected value becomes less than a reference value, the heater 7A is activated for a predetermined period of time, and the heater 7A is activated for a short period of time in synchronization with the start of this activation. The heater 9A of the pressure roll 9, which is an auxiliary roll, is operated for the time. Conversely, when the heating roll temperature becomes equal to or higher than the reference value, power supply to the heater 7A is stopped. Incidentally, since the temperature change of the pressure roll 9 due to this temperature control can be varied in various ways, only one example of the temperature change curve is shown in the drawing.

As mentioned above, in the configuration shown in FIG. 3, during non-recording operation, the heating temperature of the roll 7 by the main heater 7A is accurately set to a predetermined value (for example, 120° C. or higher) based on the temperature information from the temperature detection section. Therefore, transfer and fixing can be performed reliably, and at the same time, the temperature information can be fed back to the heater 9A of the pressure roll 9 as an auxiliary heating roll to relatively roughly control the temperature of the roll to, for example, 120°C or less. I can do it. As a result, each roll was 7.9
Compared to the case where a temperature detection section and a control circuit system are individually provided, the device is compact, which is advantageous in terms of the number of parts and assembly, leading to cost reduction. In the above, the reason why the temperature detection unit is disposed on the side of the heating roll 7 to control the heating temperature with high accuracy is because the belt-shaped intermediate transfer body 5 is long and is cooled while traveling a considerable distance in space. This is because the heating temperature of the heating roll 7 is likely to fluctuate. Therefore, controlling the heating temperature of the heating roll 7 as described above is very important when using the intermediate transfer belt 5.

On the other hand, since the heating temperature of the pressure roll 9 is used to assist the heating by the heating roll 7 and also to preheat the recording paper P, there is no need for it to be controlled so precisely.
It is sufficient if the temperature is controlled to follow the temperature of the heating roll 723).

In the example shown in FIG. 4, the intermediate transfer roll 25 is configured as an auxiliary roll and is relatively roughly controlled at a temperature of about 100°C, for example, while the temperature of the pressure roll 9 is mainly used for transfer and fixing. In order to influence the properties of the steel, K is precisely controlled to, for example, about 140°C. For this purpose, a temperature detection section consisting of a heat-sensitive element 14 is arranged near the surface of the pressure roll 9, and a control section 15 and switch circuit sections 16 and 17 similar to those described above are provided.
, the heater 9A is activated based on the temperature information from the thermal element 14.
The power supplied to the heater 25A is precisely controlled, and the power supplied to the heater 25A is correspondingly controlled.

Although the present invention has been illustrated above, the embodiments described above can be further modified based on the technical idea of the present invention.

For example, the main heater as one of the rotating bodies described above may be configured to be turned on only during a part of the time during non-recording operations. (As shown by the broken line of the heating four in FIG. 5). Furthermore, although the heater is built in in the above example, it may also be placed outside the roll (for example, the heater 25B19B indicated by a dashed line in FIG. 4). Moreover, the position of the temperature detection part may also be changed, and (24) it may be arranged inside the roll depending on the position of the heater. Furthermore, the method of the present invention can be applied to recording devices other than electrophotographic copying machines.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show an embodiment of the present invention, in which Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a recording device, Fig. 2 is a sectional view of an intermediate transfer belt, and Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a detection and control system for the temperature of each roll. 4 is a schematic diagram of another recording apparatus including the detection and control system for each roll temperature, FIG. 5 is a timing chart mainly showing the state of temperature control of each roll during recording operation, and FIG. The figure is a timing chart of control signals for each roll temperature during non-recording operation. In addition, in the symbols shown in the drawings, 1-------
---Image holder 3--Developing mechanism 5--Intermediate transfer belt 6--Press roll 7-- -Heating roll 7A---------Heater 8~-----1----Tensile roller 9----
------ One pressure contact roll 9A --------- Heater io --- One -- Heating plate 14, ----- One-sensing smoke element (temperature detection part) 15
----------Control section 16.17--Switching circuit 18--
-----------Power supply 25--------- One intermediate transfer roll 25A, --
------171 Tar A-----Press transfer area B-----1 Intermediate transfer body heating area C----
-------1 transfer fixing area-----1 transfer material heating area T-----
-----) Toner image P --------- Transfer material. Agent: Patent attorney Kosuke Aisaka, 31 licenses

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An image carrier that holds a toner image, and an intermediate transfer member that transfers the toner image on the image carrier and further transfers this transferred toner image to the next transfer material. , in a recording device in which the transfer portion to the transfer material is constituted by a transfer rotary body and a pressing rotary body that is in pressure contact with the transfer rotary body, a heat source is provided in both the transfer rotary body and the press contact rotary body, respectively. , the temperature of one of these rotating bodies mainly determines the transferability to the transfer material in the method, and the temperature of the other rotating body supplementally determines the transferability, and at least the recording operation A recording apparatus characterized in that the inside thereof is configured such that power supplied to the heat source on the side of the other rotating body is cut off. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein during the recording operation, power supply to the heat source on the one rotating body side is also cut off. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the transfer rotary body and the pressure contact rotary body are released from pressure contact during non-recording operation. 4. Claims 1 to 4, wherein the temperature of one rotating body is controlled to be lower than the temperature of the other rotating body.
In the apparatus 05 described in any one of Items 3, a temperature detection unit is provided near one of the rotating bodies, and during non-recording operation, the temperature of the one rotating body is determined based on temperature information from the temperature detection unit. Claims 1 to 3, wherein the heat source is controlled and the heat source on the other rotating body is also controlled.
Apparatus according to any one of paragraph 4. 6. The output of the temperature detection section is input to the control section, and based on the control signal from the control section, the driving power of the heat source on one rotating body side is controlled with precision, and the heat source on the other rotating body side is driven. The fifth aspect of claim 5, wherein the power is also varied.
The equipment described in section. 7. The device according to claim 6, wherein the on/off time of the heat source on the other rotating body is changed in proportion to the on/off time of the heat source on the other rotating body. 8. Turning on and off of the heat source on one rotating body side is synchronized with turning off the heat source on the other rotating body side, thereby changing the driving power of each heat source of both rotating bodies. The device described in Section 6. 9. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the heat source is built in the rotating body. 10. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the heat source is disposed outside the rotating body. 11. The device according to any one of claims 5 to 10, wherein the temperature detection section includes a heat-sensitive element disposed near the surface of one of the rotating bodies. 12. The device according to claim 11, wherein the heat-sensitive element comprises a thermocouple or a semiconductor temperature sensor. 13. The one rotating body is a transfer fixing roll, the other rotating body is a pressure roll, and the belt-shaped intermediate transfer body and the transfer paper are passed between them while being clamped. Apparatus according to any one of items 1 to 12 of the range. 14. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein a belt-like intermediate transfer member is placed around the circumferential surface of the transfer fixing roll. 15. The temperature detection section is arranged near the transfer fixing roll,
An apparatus according to claim 13 or 14. 16. Any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the transfer rotating body is not an intermediate transfer roll, and the transfer paper is passed between the intermediate transfer roll and the pressure roll while being clamped. or the device described in paragraph 1. 17. The device according to claim 16, wherein the temperature detection section is arranged near the pressure roll.