JPS597526B2 - Automatic strain relief device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a strain relief device that automatically performs strain relief work, and its purpose is to automatically adjust the position and number of strikes of a workpiece with a hammer based on the strain curve of the workpiece. It is an object of the present invention to provide an automatic strain removing device which calculates the amount of strain and removes the strain by hitting the workpiece from the opposite side in the direction of strain according to the result of the calculation.

Generally, as shown in FIG.
When the upper surface of the workpiece w is struck with the hammer 2 (hereinafter referred to as "hammer 11"), the struck surface stretches and the workpiece w bends in an upwardly convex shape as shown by the two-dot chain line. Therefore, in order to remove the distortion caused by hardening, etc., conventionally, an operator indexes and places the bent convex part of the workpiece w on a receiving table, and then hammers the inner concave part to remove the distortion. Ta. However, this conventional strain relief work requires intuition and skill on the part of the operator, and has the disadvantage of poor work efficiency. The present invention has been made to solve such conventional problems, and first, its principle will be explained. In FIG. 2, when the axial position X of a straight workpiece w is hammered with an appropriate force, the workpiece w is deformed as shown by a function f, (x). Similarly, when each position X2, X3, ......
...fl, transformed as shown in (x). These functions fl
(x), f2(X)...fll (support) is appropriately determined based on experiments. Therefore, multiple locations, for example position X3,
When X7 is hammered, the workpiece w becomes the function F3(x)+
Transform like F7(x). In this way, by repeatedly hammering at appropriate positions and appropriate times, the straight work w is deformed as shown by curve C. Conversely, in order to eliminate the distortion of a workpiece w that has a distortion as shown by curve C, the inner concave portion should be hammered the same number of times at the axial position where the straight workpiece w was deformed as shown by curve C. . Therefore, in the present invention, the strain curve F is obtained by measuring the amount of strain due to hardening etc. using a strain measuring device.

Find (x) and transform the straight work w into a distortion curve F. Calculate the axial position and number of times of hammering to deform the workpiece WIIC as shown in (x), and then hammer the workpiece WIIC at the calculated axial position the same number of times from the opposite side of the strain direction to remove the strain. That's what I do. Embodiments of the present invention will be described below based on the drawings. 3 in Figures 3 and 4
is a base, on which a headstock 4 and a tailstock 5 are fixedly opposed to each other. A main spindle 7 having a chuck 6 attached to its tip is rotatably supported on the headstock 4, and is rotatably driven by a pulse motor 8. A ram 10 having a center 9 fitted at its tip is fitted into the tailstock 5 so as to be movable forward and backward, and the ram 10 is urged forward by the repulsive force of a compression spring. The workpiece w is held at one end by the chuck 6 and elastically supported by the center 9 at the other end. On the base 3, the measurement axis direction positions Gl, G2, G3, G4 of the workpiece w,
G5 (the axial position X2, 3X,, X6, X8, Xl
A strain measuring device 11 is provided to measure the amount of strain at (corresponding to O).

That is, a swinging table 12 is rotatably supported on a bracket 19 fixed on the base 3 about an axis parallel to the workpiece w, and this swinging table 12 is moved between the standby position and the standby position by a rotation motor 135. It is designed to be rotated between the performance position and the performance position. A pivot 1 is attached to a rocking table 12 parallel to the axis of the workpiece w.
4, a measuring arm 15... is rotatably supported at positions G1 to G5VC in the measurement axis direction, and a differential transformer 16 is attached to the rear end 4 of the measuring arm 15...・・・
The iron cores 17 of ... are in contact with each other. When the rocking table 12 is rotated to the measuring position, the tip of the measuring arm 15 is elastically pressed against the lower surface of the workpiece w by the repulsive force of the spring 18. (Fig. 5). When the work w is rotated in this state,
The measuring arm 15... is rotated in accordance with the distortion of the workpiece W, and the iron core 17... is advanced or retreated to move from the differential transformer 16... to the measurement axial position G1~ Outputs corresponding to the distortion amounts δ1 to δ5 of the workpiece w in G5 are sent out. A moving table 20 is placed on the base 3 so as to be slidable in the axial direction of the workpiece w on the opposite side of the strain measuring device 11 with the workpiece w in between. The workpiece w is moved in the axial direction by operation.

A slide 23 is placed on the movable base 20 so as to be slidable in a direction perpendicular to the sliding direction of the movable base 20, and is moved forward and backward toward the work w by the operation of the cylinder 24. Slide 23
A support stand 25 is mounted on the top so that it can move forward and backward toward the workpiece W, and is always urged toward the workpiece w by the repulsive force of a compression spring 26. As shown in FIGS. 6 to 8, the central portions of a hammer arm 27 and a receiving arm 28 facing each other rotate around a central shaft 26 which is supported and fixed at both ends on a support stand 25 parallel to the axis of the workpiece w. They are fitted freely.

A tapered hammer 29 is attached to the tip of the hammer arm 27.
is suspended downward, and a receiving stand 30 facing the hammer 29 is supported at the tip of the receiving arm 28 by a spherical seat. Abutment metals 31 and 32 facing each other are respectively mounted on the rear ends of the hammer arm 27 and the receiving arm 28 via bullet members 33 and 34 such as urethane rubber. A hammer arm 27 is provided between the abutment metals 31 and 32.
An oval cam 35 is interposed to open and close the receiving arm 28, and the abutment metals 31 and 32 are constantly brought into contact with the cam 35VC by the tension of a tension spring 36 stretched between the rear ends of both arms 27 and 28. ing. A tension spring 3 is installed between the receiving arm 28 and a pin 37 protruding from the support base 25.
8 is stretched, urging the receiving arm 28 clockwise in FIG. Reference numeral 39 is a stop member that restricts clockwise rotation of the receiving arm 28.

The central axis 261fC is on both sides of the arms 27 and 28,
A housing 40 and an auxiliary plate 41 are rotatably mounted, and both ends of a rotating shaft 42 on which the cam 35 is fitted are rotatably supported by the housing 40 and the auxiliary plate 41.

A sprocket wheel 43 is fitted to the rotating shaft 42 inside the housing 40, and a sprocket wheel 45 formed on the sleeve 44 rotatably fitted to the central shaft 2611C is connected between this sprocket wheel 43 and Chain 46 is hung. A gear 47 is fitted to the end of the sleeve 44 extending into the support 25, and meshes with a gear 49 fitted to the output shaft of a rotary motor 48 fixed to the side surface of the support 25. A shaft 50 is rotatably supported below the support base 25 in parallel with the center shaft 26, and a cam 51 for advancing and retracting is mounted on the shaft 50, and the shaft 50 has a top portion projecting in opposite directions and a base portion connecting the top portions. Cam 35 and 90
They are fitted out of phase.

A sprocket wheel 52 is further fixed to the shaft 50VC, and the sprocket wheel 53 and the chain 54 are rotationally connected to the sprocket wheel 53 which is integrally formed on the side of the single tooth 47. Reference numeral 55 denotes a contact member attached to the base 3, which extends into the support base 25 through the entry hole and comes into contact with the advancing/retracting cam 51.

Reference numeral 56 denotes a mounting base fixed to the rear end of the slide 23, which rotatably supports the center portion of the rotating arm 57.

This rotating arm 57 has a hook 58 formed at its tip, and is normally rotated clockwise by the repulsive force of a compression spring 59. Therefore, when the support base 25 is moved backward by the action of the advance/retreat cam 51, the hook 58 engages with the hook 60 fixed to the support base 2511C, thereby preventing the support base 25 from moving forward. Reference numeral 61 denotes a solenoid fixed to the mounting base 56VC so that the movable iron core faces the rear end of the rotating arm 57, and when the support base 25 is commanded to move forward, as the forward/backward cam 51 rotates, one top of the solenoid The top of the other contacting member 55 is biased when the limit switch 62 (FIG. 8) is actuated, rotates the rotating arm 57 counterclockwise to disengage the hooks 58 and 60, and removes the support. The platform 25 is allowed to move forward.

The pulse motors 8, 21, rotary motor 48, solenoid 61, etc. are controlled by a control circuit 63, and this control circuit 63 is connected to a computer 6411C.

And the valley differential transformer 16 of the strain measuring device 11...
. is connected to the computer 64 via an A/D conversion circuit 65 . In a storage device of the computer 64 such as a core memory or a magnetic disk, the angular phase α where the maximum strain of the workpiece w exists and the valley strain amounts δ, to δ5 at the measurement axial positions G1 to G5 at the angular phase α are recorded. Maximum strain table DTl A strain curve F of the workpiece w based on the strain amounts δ1 to δ5 entered in the maximum strain table DT.

As shown in (x), enter the hammering position and number of times for deforming a straight work on the hammering table HT and the distortion of the work W when hammering at axial positions Xl, X2, etc. A function f that indicates a quantity
1(x), F2(x)... are registered.
Further, the storage device stores a control program for writing measured values and calculated values into the maximum strain table DT and the hammering table HT, and hammering the workpiece w according to the hammering table HT. Next, the operation of the above embodiment will be explained. When a workpiece w to be strained is carried in by an unillustrated carrying device, the chuck 6 grips one end of the workpiece w, and the center 9 elastically presses and supports the other end. Work w is chuck 6 and center 9
When supported by the arms 15, the rocking table 12 of the strain measuring device 11 is rotated to the measurement position by the rotation motor 13, and the arms 15...
The tip of the spring 18 is attached to the bottom surface of the work w.
... come into elastic contact with each other due to the repulsive force, and the differential transformer 16 ... outputs an output corresponding to the strain amount δ, ~δ5 of the workpiece w at the measurement axis direction positions G1 to G5. Sent out. Next, the computer 64 instructs the pulse motor 8 to rotate by a predetermined angle, and the main shaft 7, that is, the work w, rotates by a unit angle. Therefore, the strain measuring device 11 at this angular phase α
The distortion amounts δ, ~δ5 from Ru. The latter is larger than the former and the work w is still 1.
When not rotating, the main shaft 7 is further rotated by a unit angle and the same process is repeated. However, if the former is larger than the latter, the strain amount δ, ~δ5 read by the strain measuring device 11VC and the angular phase α of the workpiece w at that time
is the maximum distortion table DT! IC will be entered. When the workpiece W has not yet made one rotation, that is, the angular phase α is 360.
If the rotation angle is smaller than the rotation angle, the main shaft 7 is further rotated by a unit angle, and the same process is repeated. Therefore, when the workpiece w makes one rotation, the angular phase α at which the maximum strain of the workpiece w exists and the respective strain amounts δ1 to δ5 at the measurement axis direction positions G, ~G5 at that angular phase α are entered in the maximum strain amount table DT. be done. When the workpiece w is rotated once, it is determined whether the maximum strain amount entered in the maximum strain amount table DT is less than or equal to the allowable value L.

It is desirable that this allowable value L be approximately the amount of distortion of the crop caused by one hammering. If the maximum strain amount is less than or equal to the allowable value L, there is no need to remove the strain on the workpiece w, and the control program ends. If the maximum strain amount is greater than or equal to the allowable value L, the work w is indexed and rotated according to the angle phase entered in the maximum strain table DTlfC, and the maximum strain portion of the work w is indexed downward, and the strain is measured. The rocking table 12 of the device 11 is retreated to the standby position, and the arms 15... are moved to the workpiece w.
More detached. Next, the distortion amount δ1~ of the maximum distortion amount table DT
Strain curve F of workpiece w based on δ5. Find Oc). This distorted bag F. (x) is each axial position X2, X4, X6,
Direct the distortion amounts δ, ~δ5 at X8, XlO (positions G1 to G5 in the measurement axis direction)? It may be approximated by connecting 2
In the ()-order π hammering table HT, write 1 in the column of the axial position Xm (for example, X6) corresponding to the maximum strain amount δm=FO(Xm). Then, a function F6(x) indicating the amount of distortion of the workpiece w when the axial position X6 is hammered is retrieved from the storage device, and this function F6(x) is used as the distortion curve F. Subtract from (x) to find F, (x) = FO (x) - F6 (x). F
, (x) is less than or equal to the allowable value L, and if it is greater than or equal to the allowable value L, the hammering table HT! In IC, enter the column IfCl of the axial position Xm (for example, X5) corresponding to the maximum value F1(Xm)VC. Next, search for the function F5(x) that indicates the amount of distortion of the workpiece W when hammering the axial position X5, and subtract this from F1(x) to obtain F2(x)=F, (x)-F5.
Find (x). When the maximum value F2(Xm) of F2(x) is larger than the allowable value L, fill in the column VCl of the axial position Xm of the hammering table HT, and repeat the same process. Then, when the maximum value Fn+, (Xm) of Fn+1(x)=Fn(x)-Fm(x) becomes smaller than the allowable value L, the entry into the hammering table HT is finished and the actual hammering is started. Start. That is, the slide 23 is moved to the forward end by the operation of the cylinder 24, the rotary motor 48 is started, the cam 35 is rotated, and the rear ends of the hammer arm 27 and the receiving arm 28 are moved through the abutments 31 and 32. is pushed by the cam 35, and both arms 2
7 and 28 are opened and closed, and the hammer 29 moves up and down toward the cradle 30.

In this case, since the receiving arm 28 is brought into contact with the stop member 39 by the tension of the spring 38, the receiving arm 28
8 remains stationary. When the rotary motor 48 is activated, the advancing/retracting cam 51 is also rotated, but since the hook 58 of the rotating arm 57 is engaged with the hook 60, the support base 25 is rotated.
is held at the backward end. Next, hammering table HT
Maximum distortion amount F according to.

The pulse motor 21 is rotated to index the hammer 29 to an axial position X6 corresponding to (X6), and the movable table 20 is positioned. When the movable table 20 is positioned and one top of the forward/backward cam 51 contacts the contact member 55f1C and the other top operates the limit switch 62, the solenoid 6 is activated.
1 is energized, the rotating arm 51 is rotated counterclockwise, the hook 58 is disengaged from the hook 60, and the support base 25 is allowed to move forward. As the advancing/retracting cam 51 rotates, the support stand 25 is moved forward by the repulsive force of the compression spring 26, and the support stand 30 of the support arm 28 is brought into contact with the lower surface of the work w. In this case, the receiving arm 28 is slightly rotated counterclockwise due to the contact between the receiving table 30 and the workpiece w, and the receiving arm 28 is released from the contact with the stop member 39. When the advancing/retracting cam 51 is rotated approximately 900 times, its base comes into contact with the contact member 55, and the support base 25 is stopped at the forward end position, and the hammer arm 27 is rotated by the operation of the cam 35. Then, the tip of the receiving arm 28 is approached, and the hammer 29 hits the workpiece w on the receiving stand 30 from above, that is, from the opposite side in the direction of distortion. At this time, variations in the diameter of the work Wf) are absorbed by the elastic members 33 and 34. When the hammering is completed and the cam 35 and the advancing/retracting cam 51 are further rotated, the hammer 29 is raised and the advancing/retracting cam 51 is rotated.
The other top of the support base 2 is brought into contact with the contact member 55.
5 is retracted and held at the retracted end by engagement of hooks 58 and 60. Thereafter, the axial position X, . . ., X. The hammer 29 is sequentially indexed and the workpiece w is hammered in the same manner as described above. Here, when hammering the same axial position of the workpiece w multiple times, if the exact same location is hammered, the distortion caused by the second and subsequent hammerings will be different depending on the deformation of the workpiece surface caused by the previous hammering. In order to prevent this, in the second and subsequent VC hammerings, the hammer 29 is shifted little by little in the axial direction of the workpiece w and indexed to this axial position. When all the hammering is completed, the maximum distortion amount table DT and the hammering table HT are cleared and the table is uploaded to the beginning of the control program.

Then, the work w is rotated once and the amount of strain is measured, and it is determined whether the maximum amount of strain entered in the maximum amount of strain table DT is less than or equal to the allowable value L, and if it is greater than or equal to the allowable value L, it is accepted. The same cycle as described above is repeated until the value becomes equal to or less than the value L. Then, when the maximum amount of distortion becomes less than or equal to the allowable value L, the distortion removal is completed. Mukai In this embodiment, the hammer is positioned in the axial direction for each hammering according to the order in which the hammering table is created, but the number of hammerings at each axial position is accumulated based on the hammering table. ,
The hammer may be sequentially indexed to each axial position and the hammering may be performed a cumulative number of times at each position. Further, when the workpiece w is distorted in an S-shape, the same processing can be performed by assigning positive and negative signs to the amount of distortion and the direction of hammering.

Negative hammering is 180% compared to positive hammering.
Assume that the work w is struck from a direction out of phase with the workpiece w. Furthermore, when hammering the same axial position multiple times,
In the first half, the hammering force is increased to efficiently remove distortion from the workpiece, and in the second half, the hammering force is weakened to reduce the deformation of the workpiece due to one hammering, thereby improving the accuracy of distortion removal. Also good.

As described in detail above, according to the present invention, the amount of strain on a workpiece is measured by a strain measuring device to obtain a strain curve, and a hammer necessary for deforming a straight workpiece according to the determined strain curve is used. Calculate the ring position and number of hammerings, and calculate the calculated axial direction. Since the workpiece is hammered from the opposite side of the strain direction for the calculated number of times in the opposite position, the strain is removed automatically and with high efficiency without requiring intuition or skill on the part of the operator. Can be removed.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is an explanatory diagram of hammering a workpiece, Fig. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing deformation of a workpiece by hammering, Fig. 3,
Figure 4 is a plan view and side view of the hammering device;
Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the V-V line and - line in Figure 3, Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the - line in Figure 6, and Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the - line in Figure 3.
9 to 11 are the maximum strain table, hammering table, and control program stored in the storage device of the computer. 3... Base, 4... Headstock, 5...
...Tailstock, 6...Chatsuku 7...
...Main shaft, 8...Pulse motor, 9...
・Center, 11 Distortion measuring device, 15...Measurement arm, 16...Differential transformer, 20...
Moving table, 21...Pulse motor, 22...
...Feeding line, 25...Support stand, 27...
... Hammer arm, 28 ... Receiving arm, 29
... Hammer, 30 ... Cradle, 35.
...Cam, 48...Rotating motor, 63.
...control circuit, 64 ...computer,
DT...Maximum distortion table, HT...
Hammering table, w...work, 4,5
, 6, 7, 8, 9, etc. constitute a work holding device, and 20, 21, 22, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, etc. constitute a hammering device.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A workpiece holding device that indexes and rotatably holds a workpiece, a strain measuring device that measures the amount of strain on the workpiece at a plurality of axial positions, and a hammer and a pedestal that face each other while holding the workpiece in between. A hammering device that uses a hammer to hit a workpiece supported on a pedestal at a plurality of axial positions from a side opposite to the direction of strain, and the workpiece holding device is indexed so that the direction of strain of the workpiece faces the side opposite to the hammer. The index rotation device that rotates the workpiece, the maximum strain amount table for entering the amount of strain at each axial position at the angular phase where the maximum strain exists, and the hammering position required to straighten the workpiece. a hammering table, a storage device that stores a plurality of functions each representing the amount of strain that occurs when each axial position of the workpiece is hammered once, and each axial position entered in the maximum strain amount table. means for obtaining a strain curve that connects the strain amounts of , with a straight line or a curve, and an axial position corresponding to the maximum strain amount of this strain curve is entered in the hammering table, and the function corresponding to the axial position is calculated. calculation means for retrieving the function from the storage device and subtracting this function from the distortion curve to calculate a new distortion curve, and then repeating the same operation until the distortion curve reaches an allowable range to create the hammering table; and a control means for operating the hammering device by the axial position and number of times written on the hammering table.