JPS5964696A - Coal-water mixture - Google Patents

Abstract

Coal-aqueous mixture having high solids content and excellent stability are provided by an improved process involving selective mixing and other conditions.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to the dispersion of carbonaceous materials, and more particularly to coal-water mixtures.

Coal is in abundant supply as an energy source. In the United States, it is estimated that there is more energy from coal than from oil, natural gas, oil shale, and tar sands. Therefore, replacing natural gas and oil with coal on a large scale seems to be a promising solution to energy problems. Unfortunately, unlike oil and gas, coal is not determined by stockpiles or production capacity, but rather by industrial and regulatory anomalies in burning it in a convenient, efficient, and environmentally acceptable way. However, the actual situation is that its use is limited because it is so difficult to use.

Many technologies have been developed to provide coal as a more efficient energy source. One is the conversion of coal into low or medium Btu gas by gasification methods such as cracking distillation. There is also a method of liquefying coal by high-pressure hydrogenation to make it easier to transport and burn.

Furthermore, to which the present invention relates, techniques have also been proposed in which solid coal particles are dispersed in a fluid carrier medium such as fuel oil or water to form coal-water or coal-oil mixtures.

However, coal-hydrocarbons and coal-aqueous mixtures are unique systems, each presenting unique difficulties in their preparation. For example, coal and oil are relatively compatible, but coal and water are not. Therefore, unlike the preparation of coal-water mixtures, in the preparation of coal-aqueous mixtures, the initial dispersion of coal into the continuous phase of water, especially the dispersion of large amounts of coal, is a major challenge. Stabilization after dispersion, that is, prevention of separation of coal from the aqueous phase, is also a difficult problem.

Such a coal mixture has many advantages. These are easier to transport and store than dry solid coal, and there is less risk of explosion due to flash smoking, and the latter is an important factor in handling coal. In addition, feeding the coal in fluid cedar allows the use of equipment normally used for combustion of liquid fuels. This is extremely desirable as it means that the conversion from fuel oil to coal as the main energy source will be greatly promoted.

Various coal-oil and coal-water mixtures are described in the literature. For example, in British Patent No. 1,528,198,
A mixture of fuel oil and 15-55% by weight of highly ground coal particles having a particle size of 10 microns or less is disclosed. However, the effort required to grind the coal so finely makes this process economically unattractive.

The use of fuel oil as a carrier medium is contrary to the desire to reduce dependence on fuel oil.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,251,229 discloses alkylene oxides and alcohols, amines, carboxylic acids or phenolic acids, -
Examples of coal-oil mixtures stabilized with high molecular weight adducts with carbon atoms (having at least 8 active hydrogens) are disclosed. In this US patent, oil is the continuous medium phase and the stabilization of the coal in this continuous oil phase is the only concern.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,242,098 describes xanthan gum,
Hydroxypropyl agar gum or molecule [100,00
Aqueous coal slurry compositions are disclosed that include a water-soluble polymer that is a thickening agent, such as 0 or more (7) poly(ethylene oxide).

U.S. Pat. No. 8,762,887 discloses dispersing coal that has been ground to a specific particle size (the bulk of which is about a 325 mesh tyre screen or more finely ground) in an aqueous medium. Here, all of the coal must be selectively pulverized.

US Pat. No. 4,217,109 discloses a technique for dispersing and washing coal in water using a dispersant that selectively adsorbs carbon particles and impurities by imparting different charges to them. Dispersants disclosed are polyelectrolytes such as alkali metal and ammonium salts of polycarboxylic acids and polyphosphoric acids.

“Det.
belo-pm, ent and g: value
on of Iiiihl'/-LoadedCoal
The document entitled 5hbrriesJ uses coal with a binomial particle size distribution, modified starch, biocide and TRI TONX, low molecular weight octylphenoxy (
Coal-aqueous mixtures containing wetting agents such as ethyleneoxy)ethanol surfactants are disclosed.

No. 8,617,095 describes the preparation of emulsions by mixing solids such as coal with water and alcohol in the presence of oxyalkylated octylphenol emulsifiers.

Finally, many other patents disclose mechanical treatments and dispersants to provide coal in a carrier medium. Analogous U.S. Patent 4,088,458; 4,104,08
5; 8,620,698; 8.764,547; 8
．． 996,026; 8,210,168; 8.5
24,682; 4,880,801; 4,80
5,729; European Patent 0050412 and PC
Please refer to T International Publishing WO31-01152.

Although these prior art attempts have been made to provide coal in dispersed fluid form, improvements to these methods are still needed to provide coal mixtures without excessive mechanical or chemical treatments. . It would be highly desirable to provide coal in the form of an aqueous mixture by adding small amounts of additives to disperse the coal to high solids concentrations of 70% by weight or more.

It would be even more preferable to provide a coal-water mixture that has been cleaned of impurities in the coal so that it burns cleanly and is environmentally acceptable. U.S. Pat. No. 4,858,298, dated Nov. 9, 1982, states that certain polyalkylene oxide nonionic surfactants are excellent additives for forming coal-aqueous mixtures with high coal solids concentrations. Disclosing findings.

A polyalkylene oxide nonionic surfactant having a hydrophobic portion and a hydrophilic portion, the hydrophilic portion having at least about 100 ethylene oxide repeat units, is used to disperse granular coal in water. is disclosed to provide a coal-water dispersion having a very high coal solids concentration of about 70% by weight or greater. The resulting mixture has Okayama fluidity,
It can provide coal in a form that can be transported, stored, and burned cleanly. Surprisingly, the surfactant used is of a selected type and has a sufficient molecular weight, at least about 1
Even more surprisingly, in the preparation of the coal-water slurry disclosed in U.S. Pat. There is one thing to say! It has been found that significantly improved coal-water slurries are obtained by using ψ cropping conditions. For example, the coal slurry obtained according to the invention is characterized by a high solids content, an extremely long storage stability and other advantages mentioned below.

The present invention (1) A polyalkylene oxide nonionic surfactant having a hydrophobic part and a hydrophilic part, the hydrophilic part having at least 100 units of ethylene oxide, is mixed with water under low speed stirring conditions, (11) Coal-aqueous, characterized in that granular coal is mixed with the mixture obtained in step (1) under medium speed stirring, and (110) the coal-containing mixture obtained in step (1i) is stirred under high speed stirring. The present invention also relates to a method of forming a mixture.The invention also relates to granular coal as a dispersed solid material, water as a carrier medium, a polyalkylene having a hydrophobic portion and a hydrophilic portion, the hydrophilic portion having at least about 100 units of ethylene oxide. Stabilized high solids content coal comprising an oxide nonionic surfactant and a viscosity stabilizer, wherein the polyalkylene oxide nonionic surfactant is present in an amount sufficient to disperse the granular coal in the water. Concerning mixtures.

The coal-water slurry of the present invention consists of coal or other carbonaceous material as a dispersed solid, water as a carrier medium, and a polyalkylene oxide nonionic surfactant as described below.

The term "polyalkylene oxide nonionic surfactant" as used herein refers to a polyalkylene oxide nonionic surfactant that has, in whole or in part, an alkylene oxide repeating unit of the formula: and has a hydrophobic part and a hydrophilic part, and can be dissociated or ionized in a solution. This includes any composition, compound, mixture, polymer, etc. that is not

These surfactants have a polymeric portion consisting of repeating units of ethylene oxide of the general formula:

The polyoxyalkylene nonionic surfactant used in the present invention also has a high molecular weight, that is, about 4,000 or more, is hydrophilic, and contains at least about 100 ethylene oxide monomers, depending on the particular surfactant used. It has repeating units.

Additionally, the surfactant used has a hydrophobic portion and a hydrophilic portion and is nonionic. Being nonionic, these compositions generally do not undergo ionization in aqueous acid or alkaline solutions.

Preferred hydrophilic polyalkylene oxide nonionic surfactants for use in the present invention are glycol esters of alkylphenols of formula I, which are commercially available.

Here, R is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 9 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or an amino group, and n is an integer of at least about 100.

These nonionic surfactants can have a wide range of molecular weights, depending primarily on the value of L, ie, the number of ethylene oxide repeat units. Surprisingly, n is at least 100 and about 400
These surfactants with a high molecular weight of 0 or more are highly effective as dispersants for forming coal-water mixtures with high coal solids concentrations that require little other additives to form highly fluid liquids. It was found that

Methods for preparing glycol ethers of formula I are well known and are disclosed, for example, in US Pat. No. 2,213,477, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Generally, the preparation of these compositions utilizes the condensation of a substituted phenol with a molar proportion of ethylene oxide monomer.

Polyalkylene oxide nonionic surfactants preferably used in the present invention include glycol esters of alkylated phenols having a molecular weight of at least about 4000: where R is 1-18 carbon atoms, preferably substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or amino group having 9 carbon atoms, where ru is an integer of at least about 100.

Substituents for alkyl and aryl groups include halogen, hydroxy, and others.

Other suitable nonionic surfactants are poly(oxyethylene)-poly(oxypropylene)-poly(oxyethylene) or as described elsewhere, at least about 600
There is a propoxylated, ethoxylated propylene glycol nonionic surfactant Pronk polymer of the formula containing a molecular weight of 0: HOCC&CH20)aCCHCCH3)C
H,03b CCH2CIf20) ,H where α,”
% C is an integer, and the sum of α and C is at least about 1
It is 00.

Still other polyalkylene oxide nonionic surfactants preferably used in the present invention include block polymers of ethylene and propylene oxide derived from nitrogen-containing components such as ethylene diamine and having a molecular weight of at least about 14,000. : Here, Ro is an alkylene group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably 2; R2 is an alkylene group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably 8; α, b% ('X('% 8% f % (h
is an integer and the sum of el 8 σ, 5 is at least about 10
It is 0.

The preferred coal-water mixture composition of the present invention has a high coal solids content and is suitable for use in a Moderna RV with, for example, 8 spindles.
Characterized by having a relatively low viscosity of about 2000-6000 centiboise (cp) even at solids levels of 70% by weight or greater based on the total weight of the mixture when measured at 10 Orpm on a Brookfield viscometer at T. .

Depending on the intended use, such compositions may contain conventional flow modifiers such as thickeners, crews, defoamers, salts, and the like.

The products of the invention contain small amounts of surfactant additives on the order of about (11-B, 0% by weight).
Granular coal as dispersed solids in an amount of 5-80%, about 19.
water as a carrier medium and optionally about 0.1-2% thickening agent, about 0.01-2% defoaming agent and about 0.1-2% salt, antibacterial in an amount of 9-52%. containing additives, caustics, and other flow control agents.

All numbers are based on the total weight of the mixture.

The most preferred glycol ethers of the type generally represented by Formula I are nonylphenoxy(polyethyleneoxy)ethanol compositions of the following formula: where n represents about 100 or greater.

A commercially available surfactant of this type is IGEPAL CO-
G under the product name of 990 and IGEPAL Co-997
AF Shariki Kira can be obtained. Another commercially available surfactant of this type is Thomps under the trade name T-Del #-100.
on-Jlaywa, rdChemica, from one company,
The product name of IC0NOL MP-100 is Whit.
Estone Obtained from Chernica 1 company.

As mentioned above, another group of polyalkylene ogipoid surfactants preferably used in the present invention are the known poly(oxyethylene)-poly(oxypropylene)-poly(oxyethylene) nonionic surfactants. It is a block polymer. These surfactants have a block polymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide consisting of repeating units of propylene oxide constituting the hydrophobic part and repeating units of ethylene oxide constituting the hydrophilic part.

These block polymer compositions are represented by the following formula: H(JXCJIt CH20) accIiccHs
) CHt 03 b (CH2CH,O) , Hl [where aX bXc are integers and the total number of α and C is at least 100. These compositions can be manufactured and are commercially available in a wide range of molecular weights, depending primarily on the number of repeating units of ethylene and propylene oxide. These block polymers having a molecular weight of at least about 6,000 and having at least about 100 ethylene oxide repeat units have a desired high coal solids concentration, such as about 45-80% x preferably about 70% coal particles, based on the total mixed snout weight. It was found to be an excellent dispersant for dispersing coal in a water carrier.

Therefore, in the above formula (■), poly(oxyethylene)-poly(oxypropylene) preferably used in the present invention
- Poly(oxyethylene) nonionic surfactant α, b
X C is an integer and the sum of α and C is about 100 or more.

The method for producing the block polymer of formula (■) is described in, for example, US Patent 2.
674,619.2.67'? ,'IOO and 8,
101.874 V (, which are hereby incorporated by reference).

Generally, these Glock polymers are produced by controlled addition of propylene oxide f:fo to the two hydroxyl groups of pylene glycol to create a hydrophobe, and then sandwich the hydrophobe between two hydrophilic polyethylene oxide groups. produced by the controlled addition of ethylene oxide to

Nonionic surfactants of this type (formula ■) having as a prerequisite at least 100 ethylene oxide units are sold under the trade name PLUuONIC with serial numbers F-77, F-
87, F-68, F-88, F-127, F-98, F
-108 from BASF-Wyand, Ottg. These compositions have at least 100 ethylene oxide units as shown in the following table for PLURONIC surfactants.

Ethylene ox Ethylene oxa F-'I'l a600 70
105F-877, 70070120 F-68 & 850 80 151F-88
10,80080195 F-12712,50070200 F-9818,00080285 F-1081400080255 As mentioned above, another group of polyalkylene oxide nonionic surfactants preferred as coal dispersants include nitrogen-containing Glock polymers of the following formula (1): here 8
1 is an alkylene group having 2-5 carbon atoms, preferably 2, R2
is an alkylene group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably 3, α, b
z c%d1 eXfX g, h are integers, 'zfz(
The sum of lzh is at least 100.

These materials convert Cx C5 in the presence of a catalyst under conditions that add two polyoxyalkylene groups to each nitrogen atom.
It is produced by adding alkylene oxide to alkylene diamine and polymerizing the oxyalkylene group into the desired long chain polyalkylene group. After the desired addition of C, -C, alkylene oxide and polymerization is complete, ethylene oxide is added and attached to the polyalkylene group to impart the desired hydrophilicity to the compound.

commercially available alkylene diamines and alkylene oxides,
The production of these substances is known.

Generally, this reagent is prepared by combining a Cs Cg alkylene oxide and an alkylene diamine at atmospheric pressure or under pressure.
It is prepared by mixing in the presence of an alkaline catalyst such as an alkali metal hydroxide or alcoholate at a temperature of about 50-150°C. The degree of polymerization or the length of the hydrophobic group is determined by the relative ratio of Cs-0ff-y' alkylene oxide and alkylene diamine; It is normal that Other weights can also be used.

These surfactants (2) with at least 100 ethylene oxide units are serially numbered 1107.13o7.908 and 15o8 under the trade name TETRONIC.
BASF Wyanclotte Chern
Obtained from ica1 company.

These compositions have at least 100 ethylene oxide units as can be seen from the following table for TETilONIC surfactants.

Ethylene No. 1107] 500 70 2
3t11307 15.500 70
245908 16.500 80
8001508 17.000 80
A wide variety of 809 coals can be used in the preparation of the coal-water mixtures of the present invention. Examples include anthracite, bituminous coal, submerged coal, minetailing, fine powder, and lignite. Other finely divided solid carbonaceous materials may also be used, such as coke made from coal or petroleum.

The coal is optionally ground to about 90% finer than 200 mesh on a Tyler standard screen size to form a coal-water mixture. Of course, it may be coarser or finer than this. According to the invention, preferably untreated pulverized raw material coal is beneficent. All ash and sulfur content is washed away. Mixtures from beneficent coal offer many advantages. These allow for clean clothing and can be suitably used for leisure purposes in power facilities, home burners, and other devices without undue burden or expensive cleaning equipment.

A wide variety of beneficiation processes are used to make granular coal.

These include conventional heavy liquid beneficiation, magnetic separation, etc. A preferred method of obtaining beneficent coal particles is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,804,57.
This is a chemical treatment method as disclosed in No. 8.

Generally, the preferred chemical beneficiation process involves grinding mined raw coal in the presence of water to a particle size of about 200 mesh. The pulverized coal is usually treated in an aqueous medium with monomer compounds typified by unsaturated polymerizable compositions such as readily available tall oil fatty acids. By sharing a small amount of fuel oil with a metal initiator such as cupric nitrate, the thus treated pulverized coal becomes hydrophobic and oleophilic, and is freed from undesirable ash and sulfur by flotation. ,ru. The θ-purified mineralized coal particles obtained by the above-described preferred chemical treatment method are suitable for use in the coal-water mixture of the invention. These coal particles are characterized by an ash content at a level of about 5.0-6.0% and a sulfur content slightly at a level of about 15-2.0%.

As disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,358,298, the present invention also involves the initial addition of a surfactant to the water, optionally along with other additives such as commercially available defoamers, to remove the coal from the coal.
Preferably, an aqueous mixture is made. This mixing is carried out with stirring at or near room temperature and at or near atmospheric pressure.

Granular coal, preferably beneficent coal particles, is then added to the mixture at or near room temperature and at or near atmospheric pressure, based on the total weight of the mixture, approximately; 5-
% by weight of coal to produce a coal-water mixture with a high coal solids content. Optionally, a thickening agent is then added to further stabilize the mixture and help ensure that the mixture can be stored for long periods of time without the risk of sedimentation of the coal particles. Caustic soda or other base may also be added at this point. Obviously, it is preferred to add the thickening agent near the final stage to minimize agitation.

Coal-water mixtures can be prepared either batchwise or continuously.

In a continuous process, coal is mixed with water in a first stage along with other flow control agents such as surfactants. The first stage composition is then continuously transferred to a second stage where a thickening agent is added.

Agitation is reduced by adding a thickening agent at a later stage as described above.

In accordance with the present invention, unique conditions have been discovered that allow for the production of improved coal-water mixtures and avoid problems such as deleterious foaming and agglomeration during operation.

Specifically, in preparing the coal-water mixtures of the present invention, the surfactants of the present invention and optionally other additives such as conventional defoamers are first added to water, e.g.
rp to about 150 orpm, preferably about 100
About 80 seconds to about 8 minutes under low speed stirring
Preferably, the mixture is heated for about one time. Granular coal, preferably beneficent coal particles, is then added to the above mixture, for example about 10
Approximately 800 Orpm from 00rpyrL.

Mix at a medium speed, preferably about 200 lrpyn, for a period sufficient to wet the mixture. Usually this time ranges from about 5 minutes to about 20 minutes. 800Orpm to about 600Orpm
pm, preferably about 4000 gamma pm, for a sufficient time to disperse the coal, usually about 5 minutes to about 15 minutes, preferably about 10 minutes. If desired, the thickening agent is stirred under the above-mentioned high speed stirring conditions, e.g. 4000 rpm.
m for an additional period of time, such as from about 1 minute to about 8 minutes, preferably about 2 minutes.

Most preferably, other ingredients such as viscosity stabilizers and antimicrobial agents are then added under high speed agitation and mixed for an additional period of about 1 minute to about 8 minutes, preferably about 2 minutes. In the above, wet means that the surface of each coal particle is covered with water.

An example of a typical mixing or dispersing device that can be used in the present invention is Hi-Vis manufactured by Prem, Inc.
There are high-speed dispersion machines such as persator.

It should be understood that the residence times, temperatures, mixing rates, etc. described above may vary depending on process characteristics such as component amounts, equipment size, mixing efficiency, etc. Therefore, the above operating conditions of the present invention are adjusted depending on the scale of operation, such as whether the plant is a pilot plant or a main plant.

By using the specific conditions of the present invention, it is based on the fact that the coal is well dispersed in the surfactant/anti-foaming solution at a relatively low viscosity, despite the surfactant being oriented at the coal-water interface. One song was sung. Anti-foaming 1. ! The antifoam agent (the foaming level caused by the surfactant stirred in the solution is controlled by +1TilJ).After the coal is properly dispersed, a thickening agent is added to create a protective colloid, which gives the desired rheological properties. Provides suspension properties.

As noted above, additives that may be added to the coal-water mixture include defoamers, admixture agents, salts, bases, other flow improvers, and combinations thereof.

Defoamers that can be used are generally readily available and include silicone-containing and silicone-free compositions. Commercially available defoamers include Co11oid and C0LLOID69 from S Company.
There is 1. The above composition usually consists of a mineral oil, amide and ester containing mixture.

Thickening agents may also be added to the solution/JOt, which increase the non-sedimentation properties of the composition. Preferred) Thickening agents include analogue, xanthan gum/guar gum, and glue.

Other thickening agents include, for example, alkali-soluble acrylic polymers (e.g. Rhoh, ACRY, 5OLIC8-1 from M&A). Combinations of these thickening agents are also preferred. In the present invention, thickeners are typically used in an amount of about 0.01 to about 3.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the mixture.

In the preparation of compositions containing preferably 70% by weight coal based on the weight of the total mixture, the polyalkylene oxide nonionic surfactant is mixed with water at or near room temperature and at or near normal pressure in water. Approximately 0.3 parts by weight
Preferably, it is mixed with water in a ratio of 3 parts by weight. The defoamer is preferably added to the water in an amount of about 0.03 parts by weight to aid in handling. The pulverized coal is then mixed with water at a ratio of 29.8 parts by weight of water to 70 parts by weight of coal to obtain a fluid liquid. Optionally, about 0.12 to 0.15 parts by weight of a thickening agent is added to the mixture of C to protect against settling.

Other additives such as salts and bases, antibacterial agents such as formaldehyde, viscosity stabilizers such as ammonia, etc. also have a concentration of about 0.2 to 0.
．． 8 ff1 (e) It can partially assist in the dispersion of forced coal and can impart other properties.

Next, the present invention will be explained with reference to examples.

Example 1 Preparation of Coal-Water Mixture A coal-water mixture having the following composition was prepared using ordinary pulverized coal (hereinafter referred to as "pulverized coal") G1.

Ingredients - Sleeping L
Powdered coal 1) 70.
00 water 2) 29.87 salt 3)
0.60 (Note) 1) Pocohontas
ntas ) seam coal 2) Industrial water 3) Industrial sodium chloride 4) Newark Nokorois Co., New York
Colloids (COLII) I from lloids, Inc.
D) 91 5) New York, New York (73) Approximately 90 grams of IGEPAL Co-997 coal from GAF is pulverized finer than the 200 mesh of a Tyler standard sieve. Surfactant, foam remover. A premium blade with an IX-inch cowl CCowles running at 200 Orpm in the amount specified above.
6 Hi-Visp generator (Hi-Visp) manufactured by Mill
29.87 g during high-speed stirring called
of water. The stirrer ζ was operated at room temperature and pressure. Pulverized coal was then added to this mixture which continued to be mixed.

This mixture+? It was observed that 70 at% of coal was dispersed in this area, and that it was flowing freely.

Example 2 Preparation of Coal-Water Mixture Coal with the following composition using pulverized coal of t'fs
A water mixture was prepared.

Pulverized coal 1) 70. (1
0 Water 2) 29.08 Tolerance 3) 0.60 Foam Remover 4) (1,08(
Notes: 1) Coal from the Pocohontas Formation 2) Sodium chloride for industrial use 4) New York, New York 0) Colloid 691 from MFF Lloyd Co. 5) BASF Wyandotte from Parsiypany, N.C. Wyar Clotte's TETRONIC 1807 coal was approximately 90% finer than the 200 mesh of Tyler's standard sieve. The surfactant, defoamer, and salt were added in the amounts specified above in a high-speed stirrer with an IK-inch cowl-type blade running at 2000 gamma prn.
While continuing mixing, pulverized coal was then added to the mixture. The capacity was operated at normal temperature and pressure.

The mixture was found to disperse a total of 70 weight Ji% coal and was observed to flow freely.

Example 8 Preparation of cleaned pulverized coal Dry coal clr@: ash content of 6.3% and 1.5
Pinotsovada (Pittsburg) with a sulfur content of %
gh) bed coal 200I was ground to a standard size of 200 Mesosyu Tyler using a ball mill grinding device in the presence of water. The coal was then transferred to a mixing tank. In this tank were 1.0 g of corn oil, 5.0 g of /I62 fuel oil, 1.0 g of a 5% aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide, and 5.0 g of copper nitrate.
0% aqueous solution 2.0 cm' and 200 mesh coal 20
0g was added. The mixture was stirred and heated to 86°F for 2 minutes. The mixture was sprinkled on the water surface and observed to foam.

Based on the weight of dry coal, the foam phase contains 8.4% ash and 0
．． Coal with a sulfur content of 9% was skimmed from the water surface and recovered. The aqueous phase containing large amounts of ash and sulfur was discarded.

The recovered coal was slightly dried using a Buchner p overdryer.

Example 4 Preparation of Coal-Water Mixture A coal-water mixture of the following composition was formed with advantageous coal treated according to the method of Example 3.

Composition Volume of pulverized coal 1) 70.2
1 water 2) 29.04 xanthan gum 3)
0.06 guar gum')
0.08 Salt 5) 0・υ6 Foam remover 6) 0.0
8 (Notes) 1) Pocohontas Formation coal cleaned according to the teachings of Example 3 (weight percentages given on a moisture-free basis) 2) Industrial water 3) Percules Co., Ilmington, P.
Ilercules Inc.'s BIO
ZAN) SPX-5428.

4) Grbar THICX-225 from Percules, Ilmington, Georgia.

5) Industrial sodium chloride 6) New York, New York (7) Colloid 691 from Colloid Co. 7) Igepar Co-997 from 641 Co., New York, New York Surfactants, anti-foam agents and salts is the specified amount 200
Added to 29.04 g of water in a high speed stirrer with a 1x inch Koultaibe blade running at 0.7 pm. The stirrer was operated at room temperature and pressure. Then 4500 rpm
Pulverized coal was added to the mixture while stirring at . Next, add xanthan gum and guar gum thickener to the mixture at 450 rpm.
was added while stirring.

The mixture was determined to have a total of qo, 21 tx*% of dispersed coal particles and was observed to be free flowing.

Brookfield (lJ3r
The viscosity was 2000 cp at 1100 rp as measured by a viscometer model RVT.

Example 5 Preparation of Coal-Water Mixture A coal-water mixture of the following composition was formed with advantageous coal treated according to the method of Example 3.

Pulverized coal 1) 70.00
Water 2) 2! J, 5
6 xanthan gum” 0.0
6 Guar gum') 0.08 Amino-hydroxide substance 5) o, o 5 Anti-foaming agent 6) 0.08
(Notes) 1) Coal from the Bokohontas Formation cleaned according to the teachings of Example 8 (weights are based on moisture-free) 2) Industrial water 8) Sunji, Kalhornia: L Ko(sa, nfJi)
eg 6) CKelco, a subsidiary of Nomerc
Co,) KELZM 4) KELZM THKX-225 from Percules, Wilmington, Plateau 5) 7CDes PlcLint, De Prey, IL
International Minerals & Chemicals Co., Ltd.
AMP-9 from S & Chemical Corp.
56) Colloid 691, Colloids, Inc., Newark, New York; 7) Tetronic 807, BASF Wyandt, Inc., Parsippany, New York; electrophilic amounts of surfactants and defoamer;
Added to 2956 g of water in a high speed stirrer with a 14 inch Yuuru type blade running at rpm. The stirrer was operated at room temperature and pressure. Next, pulverized coal was added to the mixture with continued stirring at 4500 rpm. 4500rpm
The xanthan gum and guar gum thickener were then added to the mixture while stirring at .

The mixture was determined to have a total of 70.00% by weight dispersed coal particles and was observed to be free flowing. Na6
Brookfield viscometer + RVT using spindle
The viscosity of both depending on the mold is 100 rprn and 2000
It was cp.

Examples 6-14 These examples demonstrate the high molecular weight and composition of at least 10
Mixtures that can be prepared with high coal solids concentrations using polyalkylene oxide nonionic surfactants with 0 ethylene oxide repeating units and 10 ethylene oxide repeat units with similar surfactants.
A comparison is made with a mixture in which the coal cannot be dispersed to high solids concentrations when a surfactant with 0 repeating units and no high molecular weight is used.

In each experiment, the same or substantially the same amount of pulverized coal,
Water, thickener, salt and defoamer were used. Similar surfactants, except that different surfactants with different molecular weights and different numbers of ethylene oxide repeating units were tested, namely poly(oxyethylene)-poly(
oxypropylene)-poly(oxyethylene) was used.

Each mixture was prepared according to the method of Example 4.

Surfactants, anti-foaming agents and salts should be added in specified amounts to 20%
It was added to the water in a high-speed agitation machine with a Yuuru-type blade running at 00τprrL. The stirrer was operated at room temperature and pressure.

Pulverized coal was then added to the mixture while stirring was continued. Next, predetermined amounts of xanthan gum and guar gum thickener were added to the mixture while stirring.

The following Table A confirms the results of Examples 6-14 and shows the requisite poly(oxyethylene)-poly(oxypropylene)-poly(oxypropylene) with 100 repeating units of ethylene oxide and a molecular weight greater than 6000. High solids concentration coal dispersions have been prepared using poly(oxyethylene) surfactants, while using surfactants that do not have the requisite 100 ethylene oxide repeating units and high molecular weight. The same amount or substantially the same φ:
This indicates that the coal was not completely dispersed.

Table A Example 6 7 8 9 10 Ingredients (2) 9 Powdered coal 1) 272.0 272.0 272.0 27
2.0 271Wed 2) 74.0 740 74.0 7
4.0 74.0 Xanthan gum 3) 0.
2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2f7-cam') 0.1 0.1 0.
1 0.1 0.1 salt”) 0.2 0.2 0
．． 2 0.2 0.2゜Foater remover 6) 0.1
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Pluronics L85 2.0 - - - -F
8B -2,0--- F'l'l -1,1--F87
− − 1.1 −F68
−− − − − 1.1F8
B ------- F12'l ------- F9B ------- F2O3 - - 100 rprnte mixture using 111 and 8 spindles N, 1. N,
1. 5400 3850 5900 Viscosity CcP) Ethylene Oxide 272.0 272.0 272.0 2'10?4.
0 74.0 74.0 7400.2 0.
2 02 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.10.2 0.
2 0.2 0.20.1 0.1 0.1
0.1-----1.900
20-----5.00
0 90- - - - 6.60
0 105- - - - 7.70
0 120---- Company 8,850
1511.1 − -- − 10
．． 800 195- 1.1 - -
12.500 200- - 1.1
- 18.000 235- - -
1.1 14.000 2558800 850
0 8600 8000 (Notes) 1) Cleaned according to the teachings of Example 8. Coal from the Boko Hondas Formation containing 10% moisture 2) Industrial water 3) Biozan 5FX-5423 from Percules, Wilmington, PR 4) Guar THKX-225 from Percules, Wilmington, PR 5) Industrial water Sodium Chloride 6) Colloid 691 NJ from Colloid Co., Newark, New York The specified amount of coal was not completely submerged in the water.

Examples 15-21 These examples demonstrate the high molecular weight and composition of at least 10
Mixtures that can be prepared with high coal solids concentrations using polyalkylene oxide nonionic surfactants with 0 ethylene oxide repeating units and 10 ethylene oxide repeat units with similar surfactants.
When a surfactant with 0 repeating units and no high molecular weight is used, a comparison is made with a mixture in which the coal is not dispersed to a high solids concentration.

In each experiment, the same or substantially the same amount of pulverized coal,
Water, thickener, salt and defoamer were used. And similar surfactants were used, except that different surfactants with different molecular weights and different numbers of ethylene oxide repeating units were tested, ie, nitrogen-containing block polymers of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide.

Each mixture was prepared according to the method of Example 4.

Surfactants, anti-foaming agents and salts should be added in specified amounts to 45%
The water was added to the water in a high speed stirrer equipped with a 1 to 1 inch Yuuru-type blade running at 0.000 rpm. The stirrer was kept overnight at room temperature and pressure.

Pulverized coal was then added to the mixture while stirring was continued. Next, predetermined amounts of xanthan gum and gal gum thickener were added with stirring.

Table B below summarizes the results of Examples 15-21 and shows that the nitrogen-containing block polymers of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide have the requisite 100 repeat degrees of ethylene oxide and a molecular weight greater than 14,000. It has been shown that coal dispersions with high solids concentrations were prepared using surfactants of 100% and 100%, whereas when using surfactants without the requisite 100 ethylene oxide repeating units and high molecular weight, similar coal dispersions indicates that it was not dispersed.

Tetronics 1107.18
07.908.1508 has a high ethylene oxide to propylene oxide ratio, i.e. an ethylene oxide content greater than the propylene oxide content, while Etronix 804.504 and 704 have a high propylene oxide to ethylene oxide ratio. The ratio, ie the ethylene oxide content, also has a similar propylene oxide content.

Surface component (r) Pulverized coal 1) 272.0 272.0 272.0 27
2.0 water 2) 74.0? 4.0 7
4.0 74. (+xanthan gum”)
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Guar gum') 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Salt 5) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Foam remover 6) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Tetronics-8051,8--- 5041,8-- 704--1,8- 1107---1,8 1807---- 908---- 1508-- -- 0 sat(cr) Ethylene oxide 272.0 272.0 272.074, (17
4,0?4.0 U,2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 - - - 1.650 15 −
- -- 8.40 (180 ---
Notes: 1) 10% cleaned according to the teachings of Example 3
2) Industrial water 3) Biozan 5FX-5428 from Percules, Wilmington, PR 4) Guar 'I'HKX-225 from Percules, Wilmington, PR 5) Industrial water Sodium chloride 6) Colloid 691 N, L from Kolloys, Newark, New York The specified amount of coal was not completely incorporated into the water.

Examples 22-28 These examples demonstrate high molecular weight and composition of at least 1
A polyalkylene oxide nonionic surfactant having 00 repeating units of ethylene oxide can be used to prepare a mixture with a high coal solids concentration, and a similar surfactant, but one of the required ethylene oxide.
When using a surfactant that does not have 00 repeating units and a high molecular weight, a comparison is made with a mixture in which the coal is not dispersed at a high solids gradient of 1.

In each experiment, the same or substantially the same amount of pulverized coal,
Water, thickener, salt and defoamer were used. A similar surfactant was used, except that different surfactants with different molecular weights and different numbers of ethylene oxide repeating units were tested, namely glycol ethers of alkylated phenols.

Each mixture was prepared according to the method of Example 4.

Surfactants, anti-foaming agents and salts should be added in specified amounts to 45%
A 1×inch Yuurutai running at 00 rpm! Add to the water in a high speed stirrer equipped with a blade. The stirrer was operated at room temperature and pressure. Pulverized coal was then added to the mixture while stirring was continued. Next, predetermined amounts of xanthan gum and guar gum thickener were added with stirring.

Table C below summarizes the results of Examples 22-28 and shows that high solids were obtained using an alkylated phenolic glycol ether surfactant with the required 100 ethylene oxide repeating units and a molecular weight greater than 4000. It has been shown that a coal dispersion with a concentration of indicates that it was not dispersed.

Table C Water"" 74.0 74゜0
74.0? 4.0 xanthan gum 3)
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
f −y”−)jmu') 0.1
0.1 0.1 0.1L di
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Foam remover 6) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Igeharu-CQ-6801, 4---CO-TBO-1,
4-- (T; Q-850--1,4- CO-887--2,0 CO-897----- CQ-97'/ ---- CO-997----- 272, 0272,0272,0 74,074,0740 0,20,20,2 0,1010,1 0,20,20,2 o,i 0.1 o,t--720I
Q ---94015 1,16020 -1,6003g 2.0 - - 2.040 40-
2.0 - 2.480 50-
- 2.0 4,680 1QQN
, 1. N.1. 2000 (Notes) 1) 10% moisture Pocohontas Formation coal cleaned according to the teachings of Example 3; 2) Industrial water; 3) Biozan 5FX-5428, Percules, Wilmington, Praue; Guar THKX-225 from Percules, Ilmington 5) Industrial Sodium Chloride 6) = Colloid 691 NJ from Kolloids, Newark, NY A specified amount of coal is not completely incorporated into the water. Ta.

As in the example shown, the coal-water mixture is prepared with a high coal solids content. The resulting mixture is stable, has a low viscosity, and contains a high amount of solid coal particles, typically 70% or more by weight coal. Example 6-
No. 14 shows that high molecular weight polyalkylene oxide nonionic surfactants of at least 6000 having at least 100 repeating ethylene oxide units are excellent dispersants for the formation of coal-water mixtures. Examples 6 to 14 further show that for surfactants of the same basic structure, i.e., block polymers of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide, compositions with a molecular weight of 6000 or compositions having at least 100 ethylene oxide repeating units. It has been shown that advantageous results are achieved when using

Similarly, Examples 15 to 20 show that for block polymer type polyalkylene oxide nonionic surfactants derived from nitrogenous compositions such as ethylene diamine,
It has been shown that compositions having a molecular weight of 0.00 or more than 100 ethylene oxide repeating units produce the same or nearly the same advantageous results. Similarly, Examples 22-28 show that alkylated phenol glycol ether surfactants with 100 ethylene oxide repeating units and high molecular counts are also excellent coal dispersants.

Example 29 In accordance with the improved method of the present invention, the following formulation
- used in key #.

1 water 29.2
862 Tetronic 1807. 8
48 Colloid 691. 0
84 Clean coal 711005 KeLzan, 0146
Daa THIX, 10
7 37% formaldehyde, 148
28 Thiammonia, 14100.
00 1, Industrial water 2, Surfactant - BASF Wyandon Co. 8, Anti-foaming agent - Colloids Co. 4, Pocahontas clean coal 5, Xanthan gum - 4 Luk Co. Kelco Division 6, Daargamino 1 - Cures Co. 7, Formaldehyde solution - Bordon・Chemicals 8,
Heptammonium hydroxide - Fisher Scientific Slurry Properties Solid -70,0±1.0p
H-8,0±1.0 Burckfield viscosity, cp 10 rprn -14,000±4
．． 00010Orpm -6,500
±1,500 sedimentation (spatula test) 6 Weeks - None 8 Wttek
8 = Soft minor amounts of sediment ingredients were added in the order listed. A high speed agitator, ie, a hibisparzer, was used to agitate, mix and disperse the materials into a stable homogeneous slurry. Components 1, 2 and 8 are both K
Stir at low speed (1000 rpm) for 1 minute.Coal particles are wetted with this solution at medium speed (200 rpm), and component 1.2
．． 8. Add the coal for sufficient time to be dispersed in the mixture. The agitator speed is then increased to high C400 (LrprIL) for 10 minutes to further disperse the coal particles. Next add ingredients 5 and 6 while stirring at high speed. Ingredients 7 and 8 after 2 minutes
After adding and stirring at high speed for an additional 2 minutes, the batch was considered complete. All mixing was carried out at room temperature and pressure.

Example 30 The following formulation was prepared according to the improved method of the present invention into water-coal slurry 1)
- was used in the preparation of

1 water 29.2
862 Tetronic 908. 8
48 Colloid 691. 0
84 Clean coal 70.005
Kelzan, 0146
Daa THIX, 10
7 37 thiformaldehyde, 1410
0.00 (Note) 1. Industrial water 2, surfactant - BASF Wyandotte Co. 3, defoamer - Colloids Co. 4, Pocahontas clean coal 5, xanthan game - Merck Kelco Division 6, guar gum - Norcules Co. 7, formaldehyde solution - Boughton Co. chemicals s,
Ammonium Hydroxide - Fisher Scientific Slurry Properties Solid -70.0±1.0,
H8,0±1.0 Furtskfield viscosity ec7) 10 rprrL-14,000±4.00010Or
pm -6,500±1,500 Sedimentation (spatula test) 6Ht6eks -No chain components were added in the order listed. High speed stirrer! jI mouthchii・i・
Bisperzer is used for stirring, mixing and dispersing materials (
N was added to make a stable homogeneous slurry. Ingredients 1.2 and 8G
Stir both at low speed (1000 rpm) for 1 minute. Add coal to this solution at medium speed (2000 rpyIL) for sufficient time to wet the coal particles and disperse them in ingredient 1.2.8. Then increase the stirrer speed to high speed (4000r
prn) for 10 minutes to further disperse the coal particles. Next add ingredients 5 and 6 while stirring at high speed. After 2 minutes, ingredients 7 and 8 were added and after an additional 2 minutes of high speed stirring, the batch was considered complete. All mixing was done at room temperature and pressure.

Example 81 The following formulation was prepared in accordance with the improved method of the present invention in water-coal slurry IJ.
- was used in the preparation of

2 Tetronic 1508. 848
Colloid 691-084
Clean coal 70.005 Kelzan, 0146 Guar THIX, 107 37%
Formaldehyde, 148 28% ammonia, 141 o o, o.

(Notes) 1. Industrial water 2, Surfactant - BAS, F Wyandotte Co. 3, Foam remover - Colloids Co. 4, Pocahontas clean coal 5, Xanthan gum - Merck Kelco Division 6, Guar gum - 71 - Cures Co. 7. Formaldehyde solution--Boughton Chemicals 8
, Ammonium Hydroxide - Fisher Scientific Slurry Solid -70.0±1.0pH-
8,0±1.0 Burckfield viscosity p cf' 10 rpm, -14,000±40
0010Orpm -6,500±1,
500 Sedimentation (Spatula test) GWtJekll - None 8 Week
s - A small amount of soft sediment ingredients were added in the order listed, using a high speed stirrer, i.e.
A bispersator was used to agitate, mix and disperse the materials into a stable homogeneous slurry. Components 1.2 and 3 are stirred together at low speed (tooorprrL) for 1 minute. Coal is added to this solution at medium speed (2000 rpnz) for a sufficient time to wet the coal particles and disperse them in ingredient 1.2.8. Then increase the stirrer speed to high speed (4000r
pm, ) for 10 minutes to further disperse the coal particles. Add trap ingredients 5 and 6 while stirring at high speed.

After 2 minutes, ingredients 7 and 8 were added and after an additional 2 minutes of high speed stirring, the batch was considered complete. All mixing was done at room temperature and pressure.

Example 32 The following formulation was used in the preparation of water-coal streak 1-no according to the improved method of the present invention.

1 Water 29.
2862 Pluronic-F-98,848 Colloid 691. 084 Clean coal 70.005 Kelzan
, 0146 Daaa THIX
, 107 87% formaldehyde , 148 28% ammonia
, 14100.00 (Notes) 1. Industrial water 2. Surfactant - BASF Wyandotte Co. 3. Anti-foam agent - Colloids Co. 4. Pocahontas clean coal 5. Xanthan gum - Merck Kelco Division 6, Daergamu J\ - Cures Co. 7, Formaldehyde solution - Bordon Chemicals 8,
Ammonium Hydroxide - Fischer Tientifix Slurry - Properties Solid -70.0±1.0pH-
8,0±1.0 Burckfield viscosity, cp 10rprn -14000±4,0
0010 (lrpyIL -6,500
±1,500 Sedimentation (Spatula Test) 6 Week B - None 8 Week 8 - Soft Small Amounts of Sediment Ingredients were added in the order listed. A high speed agitator, i.e. bisperzer, was used to agitate, mix and disperse the materials into a stable homogeneous slurry. Components 1.2 and 3 are stirred together at low speed (1000 rpm) for 1 minute. Add coal to this solution at medium speed (2000 rprn) for sufficient time to wet the coal particles and disperse them in component 1.2, a. Then increase the stirrer speed to high (4U 00 r
pm) for 10 minutes to further disperse the coal particles. Next add ingredients 5 and 6 while stirring at high speed.

After 2 minutes, ingredients 7 and 8 were added and the bunch was considered complete after an additional 2 minutes of high speed stirring. All mixing was done at room temperature and pressure.

Example 83 The following formulation was used to prepare a water-coal slurry according to the improved method of the present invention.

1 water 29.2
862 Pluronic-F-108J43 Colloid 691. 084 Clean coal 70.005 Kelzan
,0146 Guar THIX
, 107 37 thiformaldehyde , 148 28% ammonia
, 1410 (100 (Notes) 1. Industrial water 2. Surfactant - BASF Wyandotte Co., Ltd. 3. Foam remover - Ichikolloid Co., Ltd. 4. Pocahontas clean coal 5. Xanthan gum - Merck Co., Ltd. Kelco Division 6. Guar gum - Percules Company 7, Formaldehyde solution - Bordon Chemicals,
Ammonium Hydroxide - Fisher Scientific Slurry Properties Solid -70,0±1.07'H
-8,0±1.0 Burckfield viscosity tcp 10 rpm, -14,000±4
．． 00010Orpm -6,500
±1,500 sedimentation (spatula test) 6WeekB -, none 8Wegks
- Soft slight amounts of sediment ingredients were added in the order listed. A high speed stirrer, i.e. bisperzer, was used to stir, mix and disperse the materials into a stable homogeneous slurry. Components 1.2 and 8 are both stirred for 1 minute at a low speed (1(loOrprn, ).This solution is stirred at a medium speed C2000rprrL) so that the coal particles are wetted and the component 1.
．． 2. Add coal for sufficient time to be dispersed in 3. Then increase the stirrer speed to high speed (4000rprFL)
for 10 minutes to further disperse the coal particles. Next add ingredients 5 and 6 while stirring at high speed.

After 2 minutes, ingredients 7 and 8 were added and after an additional 2 minutes of high speed stirring, the batch was considered complete. All mixing was done at room temperature and pressure.

Example 34 The following formulation was used to prepare a water-coal slurry according to the improved method of the present invention.

1 water 29.2
862 Pluronic-F~127. 8
43 Colloid 691. 08
4 Clean coal 70.005 Kelzan, 0146 Guar Tl1l
X, 107 87% Formaltehyde, 148 28 Thiammonia, 14100.00 (Note) 1. Industrial water 2, surfactant - BASF Wyandotte Co. 3, antifoam agent - Colloids Co. 4, Pocahontas clean coal 5, xanthan gum - Merck Kelco Division 6, Quargamuno Hercules Co. 7, formaldehyde solution --Boughton Chemicals 8, Ammonium Hydroxide--Fisher Technology Inc. Slurry Properties Solid -70,0±1.01)H-
s, o±1.0 Brookfield viscosity, Cp 10 rpm -14,000±4,000
100rprn -6,500±1,50
0 sedimentation (spatula test) 6 Weeks = Pickpocket.

8 Weeks - Slight amounts of precipitate chain components were added in the order listed. A high-speed stirrer (Sokuji Hi-Visperzer) was used to stir, mix, and disperse the materials to form a stable homogeneous slurry. Stir ingredients 1.2 and 8 together for 1 minute at low speed (1000 rpm). Coal particles are wetted with this solution at medium speed (2000 depm),
Add the coal for sufficient time to disperse into ingredients 1.2.3. Then increase the stirrer speed to high speed (4000 rpm).
) for 10 minutes to further disperse the coal particles. Next add ingredients 5 and 6 while stirring at high speed.

After 2 minutes, ingredients 7 and 8 were added and after an additional 2 minutes of high speed stirring, the batch was considered complete. All mixing was done at room temperature and pressure.

Example 85 The following formulation was used to prepare a water-coal slurry according to the improved method of the present invention.

1 water 29.1
762 Igepar Co-9900,403 Colloid 691. 084 Clean coal
7 (LOO5 Kelzan
,0146 Guar THIX
, 107 37% formaldehyde , 148 28% ammonia
, 14i o o, o.

(Notes) 1. Industrial water 2. Surfactant CIgepal) GAF Co. 3. Anti-foaming agent - Colloids Co. 4. Pocahontas Clean Coal 5. Xanthan gum - Merck Kelco Division 6, Daergam Hercules Co. 7. Formaldehyde solution -Boughton Chemicals 8,
Ammonium hydride - Fischer Technology Fix Slurry Properties Solid -70.0±1.0p, II
-8,0±1.0 Bruckfield viscosity, cp 10 rpm, -14,000±4,
000100 rpm, -6,500±
1,500 Sedimentation (spatula test) 6 Wg eks - LgWeeks
- Soft or minor amounts of sediment components were added in the order listed. High-speed stirrer, Immediately Bisparzer
A stirrer was used to agitate, mix and disperse the materials into a stable homogeneous slurry. Components 1.2 and 3 were both heated at low speed for 1 minute (
Stir at 1000 rpm, ). Pour this solution on medium speed (20
00γprIL), the coal particles are wetted and the components 1.2.
3. Add the coal for sufficient time to be dispersed in the mixture. The agitator speed is then increased to high speed (4000 rprn) for 10 minutes to further disperse the coal particles. Next add ingredients 5 and 6 while stirring at high speed.

After 2 minutes, ingredients 7 and 8 were added and after an additional 2 minutes of high speed stirring, the batch was considered complete. All mixing was done at room temperature and pressure.

Example 36 The following formulation was used to prepare a water-coal slurry according to the improved method of the present invention.

1 water 29,1
762 T-Tent-N-100,408 Colloid 691. 084 Clean coal
70.005 Kelzan
,0146 Guar THIX
, 107 37 thiformaldehyde
, 148 28thiammonia
-14,100,00 (Notes) 1. Industrial water 2. Surfactant - Thompson Heywood Chemical Co. 3. Foam remover - Colloids Co. 4. Pocahontas clean coal 5. Xanthan gum - Merck Kelco Division 6. Guar gum - Percules. Company 7, Formaldehyde Solution - Bordon Chemicals 8,
Ammonium Hydroxide - Fischer Tientefink Slurry Properties Solid - 70.0%.

pH-8,0±1.0 Burckfield viscosity, CP 10rpm -14,000±4.000
10 Orpm, -6,500±1,
500 Sedimentation (Spatula Test) 6 Weeks - None 8 Weeks = Soft Slight Sedimentation Ingredients were added in the order listed. High-speed stirrer, i.e.
A bisperzer was used to agitate, mix, and disperse the materials into a stable, homogeneous slurry. Components 1.2 and 3 are stirred together at low speed (1 o o o rprrL) for 1 minute.

Add coal to this solution at medium speed (2000 rprn) for sufficient time to wet the coal particles and disperse them in Ingredients 2.3. Then increase the stirrer speed to high (4000
rprn) for 10 minutes to further disperse the coal particles.

Next add ingredients 5 and 6 while stirring at high speed.

After 2 minutes, ingredients 7 and 8 were added and after an additional 2 minutes of high speed stirring, the batch was considered complete. All mixing was done at room temperature and pressure.

Example 37 The following formulation was used to prepare a water-coal slurry according to the improved method of the present invention.

2 MP-100,40 3 Colloid 691. 084
Clean coal 70.005 Kelzan
,0146 Guar THIX
, 107 37 thiformaldehyde , 148 28% ammonia
, 14100.00 1, Industrial water 2, VF-Surfactant--Whitestone Chemical 3, Anti-foam agent--Coloids Co., Ltd. 4, Pocahontas Clean Coal 5, Xanthan Gum--Merck Company Kelco Division 6, Guar Gum--Percules Company 7, Formaldehyde Solution - Bordon Chemicals 8,
Ammonium Hydroxide - Fisher Scientific Slurry Solid -70.0±1.0pH-8
,0±1.0 Burckfield viscosity, cp 10 rpm -14,000±4. ．．
000100 rprn -6,500
±1,500 Sedimentation (Spatula Test) 6 Wegks - None 8 Weeks - Soft Small Amounts of Sediment Ingredients were added in the order listed. high speed stirrer,
That is, a Hi-Visperzer was used to stir, mix, and disperse the materials to form a stable, homogeneous slurry. Stir ingredients 1.2 and 84 together for 1 minute at low speed (1oooypyn). Coal is added to this solution at medium speed (2000 rrrn) for a sufficient time to wet the coal particles and disperse them in ingredient 1.2.3. Next, turn the stirrer speed to high speed (40
00γpnz) for 10 minutes to further disperse the coal particles. Next add ingredients 5 and 6 while stirring at high speed.

After 2 minutes, ingredients 7 and 8 were added and after an additional 2 minutes of high speed stirring, the batch was considered complete. All mixing was done at room temperature and pressure.

Example 38 The following formulation was used to prepare a water-coal slurry according to the improved method of the present invention.

1 water 29,1
762 Tetronic 908. 4
03 Colloid 691 -0
84 Coal (ordinary) 70.0
05 Kelzan, 0
146 Guar THIX
, 107 37 thiformaldehyde , 1
48 28thiammonia, 141
00.00 (d button) 1. Industrial water 2, surfactant - RASF Soy & Co. 3, defoamer - Colloids 4, Pocahontas Coal 5, xanthan gum - Merck Kelco Division 6, guar gum - Percules 7, formaldehyde solution - Bordon Chemicals 8
WaterttjHIS Ammonium-Fisher Scientific Slurry Solid -70.0±1.0pH-s
, o±1.0 Furtskfield viscosity rCp 10 rprn -14,000±4,
000100 rpna -6,500±1,
500 Sedimentation (Spatula Test) 6 Weeks - None 8 Weeks - Soft Small Amounts of Sediment Ingredients were added in the order listed. High speed stirrer, i.e.
A bispersator was used to agitate, mix and disperse the materials to form a stable homogeneous slurry. Components 1.2 and 8 are stirred together at low speed (1000 rpyIL) for 1 minute. Coal is added to this solution at medium speed (2000 rpm) for a sufficient time to wet the coal particles and disperse them in component 1.2, a. Then increase the stirrer speed to high speed (4000 rpm)
+7+, ) for 10 minutes to further disperse the coal particles.

Next add ingredients 5 and 6 while stirring at high speed.

After 2 minutes, ingredients 7 and 8 were added and the bunch was considered complete after an additional 2 minutes of high speed stirring. All mixing was done at room temperature and pressure.

It will be appreciated that coal-water mixtures are readily provided at solids concentrations 14j that are significantly higher than in the previous examples.

The need for further cleaning to remove ash and sulfur is minimal, and the mixture can be provided in a combustible form in industrial burners, domestic burners, and the like.

Representative: Gulf & West Coast Ingstries, Inc. Representative: Ryoji Kawase, Patent Attorney - Takehiko Saito, Representative: Patent Attorney. ")of.

Procedural amendment (method) % formula % 1. Indication of the case Patent Application No. 165349 of 1982 2. Name of the invention Coal-water mixture 3. Relationship with the case by the person making the amendment Name of the patent applicant Gulf & Western Industries Incoholated 5, subject of amendment ゛・～, - All types of handwritten specifications 9 have been corrected as shown in the appendix attached to the request for amendment.

However, there are no amendments to the content.

Claims (1)

[Claims] (IXi) A polyalkylene oxide nonionic surfactant having a hydrophobic part and a hydrophilic part, the hydrophilic part having at least 100 units of ethylene oxide, mixed with water under low speed stirring conditions. (11) Mixing the granular coal with the mixture obtained in step (1) under medium speed stirring, and (110) stirring the coal-containing mixture obtained in step (11) under high speed stirring. (2) The medium-speed stirring in step (ii) is carried out for an order of magnitude sufficient to moisten the coal particles, and the high-speed stirring is carried out for a time sufficient to disperse the coal. The method according to claim 1. (3) The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an anti-foaming agent is added in step (1). (4) The anti-foaming agent is mineral oil. and amide and polyethylene glycol oleate ester. (5) Granular coal is added in an amount of about 45-80% based on the total weight of the mixture, and water is added in an amount of about 19.9-80% based on the total weight of the mixture. Add 52% of polyalkylene oxide nonionic surfactant to about 0.1-8.0
5. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in which an amount of % is added. (6) The polyalkylene oxide nonionic surfactant has the formula ) or a compound of formula 1
1CCdhO) f(0112)ゎ (Rρ-
) d(C&0)hH (where R1 is an alkylene group having 2-5 carbon atoms, R2 is an alkylene group having 3-5 carbon atoms, α, b
X cl dleXflg and are integers greater than or equal to 1 (
a compound or formula 1%) (wherein α, b and C are integers greater than or equal to 1, and the total number of α and C is at least about 100) The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising a compound. (7) The method of any one of claims 1 through 6, wherein the polyalkylene oxide nonionic surfactant has a molecular weight of at least about 4,000. (8) tl+ is an alkylene group having 2 carbon atoms, and R
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein 7 is an alkylene group having 3 carbon atoms and R is nonyl. (9) The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising the step of (IV) adding a thickening agent to the mixture from step crrr) under high-speed stirring. 00) The method according to claim 9, wherein the thickening agent is Kazantan gum, guar gum, cellulose gum, glue or alkali-soluble acrylic polymer. (U) The method according to claim 9 or 10, further comprising adding an antibacterial agent, a viscosity stabilizer, or a mixture thereof to the mixture from step M (1) under high-speed stirring. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the viscosity stabilizer is ammonia. (13) The granular coal has a dry coal weight of 0.5-2.0
Any one of claims 1 to 12 having a sulfur content of about 0.5% by weight, an ash content of about 0.5%, and an ash content of about 200% (Tyler standard mesh size). Method described. (14) Granular coal as a dispersed solid material, water as a carrier medium, a polyalkylene oxide nonionic surfactant having a hydrophobic portion and a hydrophilic portion, the hydrophilic portion having at least about 100 units of ethylene oxide, and viscosity. a stabilizer, wherein the polyalkylene oxide nonionic surfactant is present in an amount sufficient to disperse the granular coal in the water. (15) A stabilized high solids content coal-aqueous mixture according to claim 14, further comprising a thickening agent and/or an antifoaming agent. (The polyalkylene oxide nonionic surfactant has the formula (where R is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or amino group having 1 to -18 carbon atoms, and n
is an integer of at least about 100.
(where α, b and C are integers of 1 or more, and α and 16. The stabilized high solids content coal-aqueous mixture of claim 14 or claim 15, wherein the total number of C is at least about 100. (17) The stabilized high solids content coal-aqueous mixture according to claim 16, wherein R+ is an alkylene group having 2 carbon atoms, R1 is an alkylene group having 8 carbon atoms, and R is nonyl. 08) The stabilized high solids content coal-aqueous mixture of any of claims 14-17, wherein the polyalkylene oxide nonionic surfactant has a molecular weight of at least about 4000. 09) Stabilized high solids content coal-water mixture according to any of claims 14 to 18, wherein the viscosity stabilizer comprises ammonia.