JPS5956023A - Method and device for forming compression wave - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a method and apparatus for dynamically compressing and detonating small quantities of fuel-air mixtures to form rapid compression waves capable of directly transferring combustion energy to do useful work. Regarding.

The present invention does not require precompression of the fuel-air mixture;
It also requires no mechanically moving parts.

A portion of the mixture is combusted and the remainder of the mixture is dynamically compressed and exploded. The present invention also includes:

Dynamically propelling the compression waves toward the target is direct to the axle and does not require high-strength explosive containment measures. The present invention works quickly to build high pressure and does not transfer much waste heat to the chamber. The present invention converts the chemical energy of the fuel into rapid, high-pressure compression waves.
Providing a pure, lightweight and compact means, the compression waves can impart a thrust force to a relatively movable resistor to perform useful work.

The invention first forms a sharp compression wave and transmits it through the air several feet with sufficient force.

This allows it to be applied to small guns that knock down small objects and kill insects. Experiments have shown that compression waves dynamically generated by the present invention can be efficiently generated at a variety of speeds and pressures and can be applied to numerous tasks. These tasks include propelling a projectile, driving a piston, driving an impact tool, driving a clamping tool, and acting as a prime mover to provide thrust energy to an engine or other equipment. The present invention is a pre-mode that creates one compression wave for each ignition of the fuel charge.

and can operate in a repetitive mode forming a series of compression waves at high frequencies of the order of 500 hertz.

The present invention pursues simplicity, economy, portability, compactness, fuel efficiency, versatility and efficiency in a compression wave forming means that can be applied to many applications. The device of the present invention can act as a prime mover that can quickly apply the energy of the explosive fuel to accomplish work in a clean and efficient manner with as small a gap between combustion and work energy transfer as possible.

The present invention creates compression waves by detonating a mixture of fuel and air confined within an explosion chamber with a limited opening. The mixture is momentarily ignited through a peripheral area of the chamber opposite the outlet opening, and the peripheral area where the instantaneous ignition takes place is such that combustion of the mixture occurs from the ignition area to the exit. It is shaped to accelerate toward the aperture and inwardly from the surrounding area. This dynamically compresses and explodes the mixture to form a compression wave that is directed outward through the exit aperture.

Instant ignition can be achieved by a plasma jet that burns down the length of the ignition zone, or by an ignition chamber that injects a flame jet into the ignition zone of an explosion chamber. The ignition chamber is smaller and smaller than the detonation chamber and is separated from the detonation chamber by an ignition control wall having an opening that allows gas to pass from the ignition chamber to the detonation chamber.

The ignited combustible mixture in the ignition chamber causes a rapid increase in temperature and pressure, and hot gas is injected through an opening in the control wall to instantaneously ignite the entire ignition zone of the detonation chamber.

High pressure compression waves according to the present invention can pass through air or thrust onto a relatively movable resistor to perform work under many different circumstances. The present invention can create a square compression wave for each trigger, and can also act as a fast repeating means to create a series of compression waves at different frequencies.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 and 2 show a simplified apparatus for dynamically compressing and detonating a fuel-air mixture to form compression waves according to the invention. Each device has a restricted outlet opening 14 and an injector 18 for the fuel-air mixture.
It has an explosion chamber 11 with Although each device provides dynamic compression and detonation, they differ primarily in the way they ignite the fuel-air mixture.

In the example of FIG. 1, the detonation chamber 11 is within an oval shaped shell 8 with a restricted exit opening 14 at one end and an ignition zone 5 in the peripheral vicinity of the opposite end.

A fuel source 18 fills the detonation chamber 11 with a fuel-air mixture, and appropriate ignition accomplishes dynamic compression and detonation.

Proper ignition occurs instantaneously over an ignition area properly positioned and dimensioned for chamber 11 and outlet opening 14. The ignition area 5, which has no single point ignition and must be ignited instantaneously, generally extends along the circumference of the chamber 11 on the side opposite the outlet opening 14 towards the outlet opening 14. Such instantaneous ignition across the ignition region creates a combustion pattern that leads to dynamic compression and detonation as described below, and effective ignition can be achieved in several ways.

In the embodiment of FIG. 1, this is accomplished by a plasma jet generator 17 directing a hot plasma jet 6 through an explosive chaff 110 and into a wall 8 through an ignition region 5. A rapid and reliable device for instantaneously igniting a flame along the ignition zone 5 can also be used, and a modified ignition system shown in FIG. 2 will be described later.

Proper ignition causes combustion, which propagates across detonation chamber 11 to perform dynamic compression and detonation. Combustion advances rapidly from the wide area of the ignition region 5 towards the outlet opening 14 and inwardly from the chamber wall 8. The advancing flame front surrounds the mixture, compresses it, and rapidly builds up pressure and accelerates as it moves to explode. Only a fraction of a second elapses between the instantaneous ignition and the explosion, so the advancing flame front cannot be observed, but because of the cup-shaped area of the ignition zone and the explosion, There is good reason to believe that the flame front forms a paraboloid in which y becomes smaller.

This process is illustrated diagrammatically in FIG. 1 by the expected isobars 4, 3.2, which show that the flame front rapidly increases in pressure as it accelerates. The restricted outlet opening 14 prevents most of the unburned mixture from leaving the chamber 11.
, the combustion advancing inwardly along the periphery of the chamber 11 adjacent to the wall 8 and accelerating towards the opening 14 partially surrounds and traps the unburned mixture in the explosion region 7 within the isobars 2. Dynamic compression then takes place, and the compressed mixture explodes, forming compression waves directed outward from the apertures 14 as well. The cup-shaped or parabolic flame front cooperates with a restricted outlet 14 to capture, LIE-contract, and detonate most of the fuel-air mixture. In fact, part of the mixture burns in a pattern that effectively compresses the rest;
Combustion accelerates as the pressure increases, leading to an explosion as the compressed mixture explodes. This occurs faster than if the mixture were to flow out through the openings 14.

The front edge of the burning flame moving inwardly from the wall 8 and advancing toward the exit opening 14 gives direction and momentum to the final explosion so that more energy is transferred into the chamber 11 than inside the chamber 11. It is directed out of the opening 14. The combustion pattern, starting near the periphery and moving inward, also insulates the wall 8 from heat, allowing the device 4 to operate at relatively low temperatures. Rapid combustion and explosion are also small)
The heat generated helps quickly convert the chemical energy of the fuel-air mixture into surface pressure.

In performing useful work, the EE contraction wave thrust from the aperture 14 directed toward the relatively movable resistor is such that most of the energy is directed into the path of greatest resistance, l
It also has the advantage of principles known in explosions.

This also increases efficiency by directing most of the thrust where it is needed, freeing wall 8 from the main force of the explosion. The detonation velocity can be varied and can be subsonic, but it can also be made faster to have the characteristics of a brisant detonation, where energy is concentrated in pressure rather than heat.

The pressure wave forming device 10 shown in FIG. have a system. This is achieved by an ignition chamber 12 formed in a cylinder 15 containing an explosion chamber 11 and a combustion rate control wall 16. Combustion in the ignition chamber 12 injects a flame 19 into the detonation chamber 11 through the control wall 16;
The entire ignition area of the explosion chamber 11 is ignited at once. Then the combustion is again predicted isoL1-line 4. as described above. As shown in 2, it stays at the front end of the y paraboloid and accelerates 1
Dynamically compress and explode the mixture in the explosion region inside isobars 2.

The ignition chamber 12 is V-closed and is located at the rear end of the chamber 11 opposite the control plate 160. The ignition chamber 12 is also small, preferably about the volume of the detonation chamber 11, and is preferably charged with the same fuel-air mixture used in the detonation chamber 11. Opening 2 in control wall 13
0 allows flame to inject into the explosion chaff 110 ignition area.

The spark gap 16, +J biased by the spark generator 17, ignites the fuel-air mixture near the rear end of the ignition chamber 12. A fuel injection system 18 injects a fuel-air mixture into the ignition chamber 12 which passes through an opening 20 in the control wall 16 and fills both the ignition chamber and the detonation chamber with a combustible mixture. Fill it up. The fuel is a combination of flammable gases, liquid sprays, vapors and droplets.

It may also be any air-transmissible combustion material 1, such as air-transmissible solid particles.

The fuel and air mixture is preferably proportioned for complete combustion. In this example, butane.

Although propane and diesel oil were used, many other fuels could be used. .

Ignition is initiated by a spark in gap 16 igniting the mixture within one ignition chamber 12 .

This is the ignition chamber 1 for general slow combustion.
This creates an expanding flame that advances through the mixture in 2.

Since the fuel in the ignition chamber 12 is substantially surrounded, combustion therein causes a rapid increase in temperature and pressure, which is passed through the opening 20 in the control wall 1 for increased ignition. A hot gas flame 19 is sent to instantaneously ignite the fuel-air mixture throughout the ignition zone of the detonation chamber 11.

The openings 20 in the control wall 16 simultaneously send several long hot jet flames from the ignition chamber 12 to the detonation chamber 11, either in the control wall 13 or in the cylinder wall 15.
It is sized and arranged to instantaneously ignite the entire ignition area extending forwardly around the periphery of the detonation chamber 11 adjacent to the detonation chamber 11 . This corresponds to the exit opening 1 as described above.
opening 1 to dynamically compress and detonate the fuel-air mixture to force a sudden compression wave through opening 1;
4 and start combustion that accelerates inward from the wall 15.

The hot flame jet of gas injected into the detonation chamber 11 through the opening 1' 20 is provided with sufficient fuel to form a flame front that is properly positioned and advances in the proper shape to effect dynamic compression and detonation. The mixture should flash instant ignition. The shape and position of the ignition frame can be prescribed by the size and shape of the opening 1-1 of the control wall 13, and the different positions of the control plate 1 can be determined between the explosion chamber 11 and the ignition chamber 12. Establish a balance between

Experiments have shown that a single flame jet coming straight out of the central hole of the disc-shaped control wall 16 does not work well;
It has been found that several smaller holes around the circumference of the plate 160 work better. A single arcuate jet of hot gas directly directed against the walls of the explosion chamber 11 works best, and several possible variants are shown in FIGS. 3-5.

These are holes 20. This shows that the narrow notch 20α and the wide notch 20h separated by the narrow land 20C are all operable.

Different numbers of holes or d-notches are also possible.

In accordance with the present invention, a pressure wave forming device has been created (FIG. 7) having the size and shape of a small hand gun, and which has an explosion chamber formed within a cylindrical housing 15 having an internal diameter of approximately 45 m. The control wall 1, the explosion chamber 11, is about 160 mm, and the ignition chamber 12 is about 4 mm.
It is positioned so that the length is 0 mm.

Four 4-diameter holes 20 around the control wall 130 rapidly ignite the charge gas in the detonation chamber 11 to form a sharp and rapid pressure wave with clean, complete combustion using relatively little fuel. And it turned out that it worked well for combustion. This device can deliver approximately 4,000 shots of butane for $1 at current retail outlets.

The instantaneous ignition through the ignition area extending around the rear circumference of the detonation chamber 11 results in dynamic compression and JjI,4 combustion which almost completely burns the mixture within the chamber 11 without ejecting flame from the open end 14. To encourage the development. Ignition of the mixture at only one point near the control wall 16 at the rear end of the explosion chamber 11 causes a relatively slow combustion expansion proceeding towards the opening 14 which forces the unburnt mixture out of the opening 14. Spew out flames. This reduces the abruptness and magnitude of the pressure wave, thus reducing efficiency. A long jet of hot gas, directed to rest on the wall 15 and extend into the explosion chamber 11, instantaneously ignites a larger area of the entire ignition area of the chamber 11, creating a dynamic pressure wave that is sharp and effective. Compression and (!) result in more immediate combustion leading quickly to IS combustion.

In the present invention, we first created a compression forming device that directs compression waves from a handheld gas into the air. Large channel dimensions, control wall openings, and sensation of fuel-air mixture for each shot;
The appearance of the combustion seen through the transparent wall, and the force and direction of the compression waves emitted outward into the air, were adjusted. It has been found that reducing the size of the openings 20 in the control plate 16 increases the combustion rate, but creates excessive noise and reduces the amplitude and extent of the compression waves traveling through the cylinder. A single hole in the center of plate 1 creates a back wave (1+ack wave) that causes incomplete combustion and delays combustion.
) reduces the power and further overheats the explosive device (but the different shapes of the explosive device are these 0)
It turns out that the problem can be solved. larger opening 20
reduces the combustion rate, fuel efficiency and compression wave range.

A hand-held gun directs the compression wave into the air (12 feet).
It is capable of disabling or disabling flies and other small flying insects up to 1.5 m (6 ft) away. Kokifu.

To really kill orthogonal insects, which are larger and better protected than larvae, it takes a large amount of weed, for example 25.
A close distance of 4 cm (1 foot) is required. 4
'＋(4 Small insects on objects and in the corners of windows and curtains can cause damage in the house and on the human body.
-1 It can be killed by compression waves that are obviously harmful, and it can work cleanly without contamination.

The device of the present invention can also use compression waves to launch the propellant from the cylinder. .

Furthermore, experiments have shown that the compression waveforming device of the present invention acts as a prime mover (LT) that directly provides energy for various types of work with respect to four movable resistors within a confined area. The waves can be directed by changing the direction of the explosion and compression waves to obtain the velocity, sharpness, and rate of increase that suits the specific work. You can decide the size.

Dynamic compression leading to rapid detonation makes the compression wave forming device of the present invention more efficient than other energy transfer chains that use mechanical compression of combustible mixtures. The invention can be applied to percussion tools for driving fasteners, and can also drive pistons, rotor blades, pushers and other relatively movable resistors.

The present invention may also be constructed as a mata marine engine, preferably directing the thrust of compression waves from the device of the present invention into the water. Calculations show that the device of the present invention, which dynamically compresses and explodes a fuel-air mixture and applies the resulting compression waves directly to a work-doing resistor, is capable of adding to the mechanical compression and energy transfer chain. Compared to other prime movers that require intermediate elements, efficiency can be greatly improved. FIG. 6 diagrammatically shows the possibilities of the work detailed below.

FIG. 7 shows an example of an "insect gun" according to the invention for producing controlled and directional compression waves that propagate rapidly through the air as described above. The device, as already mentioned, increases the ignition from the spark gap 16 in the ignition chamber 12 to force the ignition jet into the explosion chamber 11 through the opening 20 in the control plate 16, as shown in FIG. An additional feature is that it provides an easy way to load and fire the gun and direct the compression waves into the air.

The outlet opening 14 of the compression wave forming device 60 in FIG.
5, which is restricted or narrowed to VYl□I
I, l! It not only forms the wave but also helps direct the compression wave straight into the surrounding air. Cylindrical sleeve 61
surrounds the outlet opening 14 and is open to the surrounding atmosphere at each axial end. The sleeve is supported by the airfoil 2 and is allowed to slip behind the advancing compression wave in order to increase the length and stability of the compression wave. sleeve 61
It also makes the gun safer by providing a rearward escape path for compression waves to disperse if the forward end of sleeve 61 is covered during a shot.

The trigger 35 creates an ignition spark in the gap 16 in the ignition chamber 12, and an easy and preferred way of accomplishing this is by a piezoelectric element, contained within a grounded metal tube filter 7 and as shown in FIG. A voltage is generated in the insulated conductor 6 leading to the +c gap 16.
It is mechanically compressed to

Figure 7 also includes the metering and loading means for the I#30 Compression Wave Forming. This is accomplished by fuel cell 40 being filled with butane or other vaporized gas via valve 41. The foamed resin material 42 within the cell 40 ensures that only evaporated fuel exits the cell 40 without directionality. cell 4
Conduit 43 from 0. opens into a transmission passage 45 in an axially movable valve 46 sealed by an 017 ring 47.

In the illustrated position, the transmission passage 45 allows communication of gaseous fuel to a conduit 48 leading to a metering chamber 49 having an adjustable volume to control fuel loading. Metering is performed by means of a flexible plastic tube 50 connected to and forming part of the metering chamber 49 and a pinch roller 51 which can be moved at different positions to adjust the volume of the metering chamber. To close the tube 50, there is an f-rear ib along the length of the tube.

H'! ! , d (the volume of pressurized gas in chamber 49) is used to load a compression waveformer rt"60, which allows the compressed fuel vapor in metering chamber 49 to flow into conduit 4.
8 and 52 to the device 60 as shown in FIG.
is transmitted, which occurs when moving along the 111 path 45.

Transfer of fuel is accomplished by a pump formed by a sleeve 5 surrounding a cylindrical housing 15 and reciprocating with respect to the housing 15. Sleeve 56 necessarily has a larger diameter than filling chamber 15, and when sleeve 56 is fully retracted it fills chamber 54 with a capacity slightly larger than that of chamber 11 and 120 times. It is sized to open.

Fuel initially enters the fill chamber 54 and enters the sleeve 53
ignition and inject into the 14'4 chamber when closed.

The pumping action of the sleeve 5 is performed by a pair of diaphragms. The rear G1f+f 56 of the sleeve 56 has an opening 57 covered by a neoprene diaphragm 58 which acts as a one-way valve. Rear end 59 of housing 15
has the same = g 1 old Zl covered by a similar neorene disc 60 which also acts as a one-way valve.

As the sleeve 56 moves rearwardly, air entering through the opening 57 passes through the valve 58 and fills the filling chamber 54, which causes the inner sleeve 53 to expand behind the rear wall 59 of the housing 15. When the sleeve 5 approaches the end of its rearward movement, the stopper 55 engages the protrusion 61 and closes the valve 46.
, allowing pressurized fuel to flow through conduits 48 and 52 into fill chamber 54 where it mixes with air.

When the sleeve 56 is returned forwardly to the position shown, the fuel PI-air mixture in the fill chamber 54 flows into the ignition chamber 12 to fill the ignition chamber 12 with a combustible mixture.
2, the mixture passes through the opening 20 in the control wall 16 to fill the explosion chamber 11, forcing the residue of the previous shot through the front opening 14. flows. When the valve 56 slides back into position, the stopper 62 engages the protrusion 61 to move the valve 46 to the position shown 711, blocking the conduit 52 and leaving the metering chamber 49 for the next shot. reload.

The gun 0 is now filled with a combustible fuel mixture and is ignited by pulling the trigger 5. As a result, as described above, the ignition is interrupted, dynamic compression and explosion occur, and a compression wave is opened.
1 into the air. The entire gun 30 can be compactly configured as a small hand-held gun, which is useful for killing insects and shooting close-range targets as described above.

The compression wave forming device 70 of FIG.
form a compression wave that drives the

The ignition and detonation chamber is located in the sleeve 56 as described above.
or by other devices injecting fuel from a source 71. The spark generator 72 acts as described above to ignite the fuel and create a compression wave, which drives the piston 75 downward against the spring 74 to actuate the impact tool 76. .

The chamber dimensions and ignition control wall openings can be adjusted so that the compression waves have the proper shape and strength (J) to effectively actuate the piston 75.

The opening lower 7 prevents compression or dilution of the piston 75'' F side, which ejects near the lower end of travel, opening P78. Some of the evacuation energy from the ejection lower 8 is absorbed by the spring 8
In order to inflate and release the starting chamber 80, the conduit 79 is
It's aimed at the city. Chamber 80 is connected to sleeve 56 such that the exhaust gas driving the chamber upwardly also moves sleeve 56 to reload the compression waveform device. As the sleeve 56 moves rearward, it opens the cleaning port 81 to vent the spent gas from the previous shot. This evacuation action ensures that the equipment is completely cleaned of residue from the previous shot and fresh for the next shot. Sleeve 5 completely filled with l+s combination
3 returns to the closed position shown.

Device 701CI: A full cycle can be completed in a fraction of a second, allowing the operator to pull the trigger as quickly as possible to generate the next Snokku.
Ready for the next shot at 11-? - I can do it.

As shown by the dotted line ε)2, the force can be overcome by mechanical movement of the sleeve 53, which generates sparks from the spark generator 72 when the fuel is supplied from the fuel supply source 71.

This allows a repeating series of compression waves to form while the trigger is held closed, without the spark generator determining the frequency. This causes the percussive tool 76 to perform repeated strikes, and the device 70 can act as a prime mover for delivering a series of compression waves, which are connected to the crankshaft by a connecting rod.
It can be applied to many mechanisms 444, including the J piston drive, the drive of rotary blades, and propulsion obtained by applying a straight rod thrust to a resistive body such as water.

The device of Figure 11 can deliver up to 20,000 shots in a typical no-y'ropan bolt that currently retails for about $1.49. The device of the invention can also work with other gaseous, liquid or airborne fuels, making it versatile.

FIG. 12 shows a device 90 similar to the device 10 of FIG. 2, but using modified means suitable for the burn 1 supply and W+ for repeated action. A carburetor 91 diagrammatically illustrates the wide range of mixing possibilities of fuel and air injected into the device 90. Any fuel-rush mixture that burns rapidly enough to achieve dynamic compression and detonation can be used in the device 1/i of the invention.

To speed reloading of the detonation chamber 11 and ignition chamber 12, a valved hole 92 is provided in the control plate 16 to provide a larger opening than the ignition control opening 120. A valve 96 in the bore 92 is connected by a rod 94 to a valve 95 for introducing the fuel-air mixture from the carburetor 91 into the device 90. chamber 1
The increase in pressure due to combustion within the explosion chamber 11 acts more strongly on the valve 95, which has a larger area, than on the valve 96, closing both valves and preventing the ignition injection into the explosion chamber 11 from the control opening 20.
Restrict to flame jets passing through. This flame jet d advances toward explosion as described above.

The high pressure caused by the explosion is, as mentioned above, limited outlet 1.
The gas is rapidly forced out of the explosion chamber 11 through the opening 14. The pressure also decreases rapidly after the explosion, with jl,i movably located just over 114 between the outlets.
+! A check valve 96, shown schematically, closes the detonation chamber 11 in response to depressurization after the detonation. This action quickly creates a vacuum within the explosion chamber 11 and draws in a fresh aspiration-air mixture. exploding 4
... and the rapid and sharp changes in pressure are thus utilized to very rapidly evacuate and reload the device 1t90.

Actually, instead of check valve 900, L old] opening 1
A plurality of holes suitably positioned relative to a piston or other element driven by compression waves directed from 4 create a vacuum that evacuates and then closes detonation chamber 11 and quickly reloads neck 90. It can be configured (1ξ) to open and close at appropriate times.

Another way to speed up the circular loading of the device 90 is to have the carburetor 91 pass a portion of the charge through a separate passage 97 and valve 98.
directly into the detonation chamber 11 via the detonation chamber 11. This method can replace hole 92 and valve 93, and can cooperate with valve 96, or open and close the exhaust hole to achieve very fast reloading with a minimum of moving parts. be able to. By using these measures, there are good reasons why a combustion frequency of 500 Hertz can be obtained in the device according to the invention.

FIG. 13 is a diagram of the device 100 of the present invention applied to a rotary engine 101, which rotates with a rotor 106 shown diagrammatically in CD to form expansion and compression chambers, +:;t 102 have.

The exhaust hole 104 extracts the gas used, and since the fuel is not mechanically compressed, a plurality of compression wave forming devices 100 can be arranged to provide driving thrust to the circumferential wheel of a single rotor 103. can.

FIG. 14 does not diagrammatically depict the device 100 of the present invention acting as a marine engine to propel a boat 105. Compression wave thrust through venturi tube 107 acts directly on water 106 within surrounding venturi tube 108 . A pivoting check pulp 109 prevents water from entering the detonation chamber at low velocity and returns water to the venturi system at high velocity. A spark generator controls speed, and the engine is lightweight and simple, providing high-pressure thrust from the fuel explosion directly to propel the boat without the need for intermediate energy transfer means or (1) punitive compression means. Acts on water゛I-
It is effective for Complete combustion ensures a clean action that operates quietly and at low temperatures at the water surface F.

Although considerable work remains to develop the possibilities for this invention, it can improve the efficiency of the work done by many prime movers. According to the present invention, dynamic compression and explosion perform work intensely and efficiently, applying combustion energy directly to a relatively movable resistance, and converting the fuel to high pressure without wasting much heat. The above operations can be performed using a compact, lightweight device with minimal moving parts.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 and 2 are partially diagrammatic longitudinal cross-sectional views of a simplified embodiment illustrating the compression waveforming method; FIGS. 6-5 are a control version of the apparatus of FIG. 2; FIG. 6 is a front view showing a modification; FIG. 6 is a jb'N diagram showing a general application of the compression wave forming device according to the invention to driving a resistor that performs work; FIG. 8 is a front view of the output sleeve of the device of FIG. 7, and FIG. 9 is a pump showing a diaphragm valve suitable for the embodiment of FIG. 7. 10 is a front view of the rear end of the sleeve; FIG. 10 is a rear view of the housing of the explosion ignition chamber showing a diaphragm valve suitable for the embodiment of FIG. 7; FIG. FIG. 12 is a partially diagrammatic longitudinal cross-sectional view of another preferred embodiment of a compression waveforming device; FIG. FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the application of the invention to a rotary engine; FIG.
The figure is a partial diagram showing the application of the invention to a marine engine. 2... Explosion area 6... Ignition area 11...
Explosion chamber 12...Ignition chamber 14...Outlet opening

Claims (1)

Claims: (1) confining a mixture of air and fuel within an explosion chamber having a restricted exit opening; momentarily discharging the mixture through a peripheral area of the chamber opposite the exit opening; igniting the instantaneously ignited surrounding region with respect to the chamber and the outlet opening, the combustion of the mixture accelerating from the ignition region toward the exit opening and inwardly from the surrounding region; and forming said compression wave (a compression wave forming method comprising dynamically compressing and exploding said mixture and shaping said compression wave to be directed to exit from said exit opening. (b) The method of the first term, in which the mixture is not compressed before the ignition. (4) The explosion. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising evacuating the explosion chamber, reloading the explosion chamber with the mixture, and reigniting the mixture to repeat the explosion. extending a considerable distance from the end of the explosion chamber opposite the exit opening toward the exit opening around the perimeter of the explosion chamber. (7) directing the compression wave against a relatively movable element for reloading the detonation chamber and repeating the detonation; (8) The method of claim 1, comprising directing the compression wave toward a tightening drive means. (9) The method of claim 1, comprising directing the compression wave to propagate through air. (10) The method of claim 1 comprising directing the compression wave to a movable engine element. (11) a restricted outlet aperture and an ignition region y-opposite the outlet aperture; a detonation chamber having a fuel detonation region between said ignition region and an outlet; means for charging said detonation chamber with a mixture of air and fuel; means for igniting the mixture; the detonation chamber, the outlet opening and the ignition region are relative to each other such that combustion of the mixture is directed from the ignition region toward and around the detonation region; sized to accelerate inwardly from the periphery of the explosion region and to dynamically compress and detonate the mixture in the explosion region to create the compression wave and direct the compression wave out the exit aperture. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the exit opening has a smaller cross-sectional area than the explosion region. (1b) The ignition region extends a considerable distance from the end of the detonation chamber opposite the outlet opening to the outlet opening and around the detonation chamber. (14) The explosion chamber has a V-cylindrical shape, and the outlet gap 1 has an inner diameter smaller than that of the explosion chamber. (15) The combustion of the mixture is accelerated along the front edge of a paraboloid. without compression (the apparatus of paragraph 11). (1) After the explosion, the gas is evacuated from the explosion chamber. Reload the mixture into the explosion chamber and reignite the mixture to repeat the explosion. 11.
Section equipment. (18) The apparatus of paragraph 11, wherein the loading means includes means for closing the nuclear detonation chamber after detonation to create a vacuum within the detonation chamber to draw the mixture into the detonation chamber for repeating the detonation. . 19. The apparatus of claim 11 including means for being moved by said compression wave to reload said explosion chamber with a mixture for repeating said explosions. 20. The apparatus of claim 11 including means for directing said compression wave against a relatively movable resistor to do work. (21) A series of iiJ to act on the impact tool
18. The apparatus of claim 17, including means driven by said compression wave. 22. The apparatus of claim 11 including means arranged to be driven by said compression wave to drive the fastener. 26. The apparatus of claim 11 including means for directing said compression waves to propagate through air. 24. The apparatus of claim 11 including means for directing said compression wave toward a movable engine element. 25. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein said instantaneously igniting means is a plurality of long distance spark gaps disposed within said ignition chamber. (26) The instantaneous ignition means comprises an ignition chamber smaller than the detonation chamber and located adjacent to the detonation chamber opposite the exit opening, and an ignition control wall between the ignition chamber and the detonation chamber; an ignition control wall, a portion of which has an opening to permit passage of gas from an ignition chamber to the ignition region of the detonation chamber; and means for loading the ignition chamber with the mixture. N ports of the ignition chamber and the control wall = 15
means that a rapid temperature and pressure rise in the ignition chamber that occurs immediately after ignition in the ignition chamber causes a high temperature to pass through an opening in the control wall to cause the instantaneous ignition across the ignition region of the detonation chamber. 12. The apparatus of clause 11, wherein the apparatus is dimensioned to inject a gas. C27) The explosion chamber and the ignition chamber are cylindrical.
- the device of paragraph 26 located within the using; 28. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the ignition chamber has a volume approximately the same as that of the detonation chamber. C27) Device i according to clause 26, wherein said ignition means is an electric spark gap located in the rear region of said ignition chamber. (30) The apparatus of clause 26, wherein the opening in the control wall comprises a plurality of holes provided in the wall near the circumference of the wall. (61) The device of item 26, wherein the opening is a membrane notch provided around the control wall. (62) The loading means includes a fuel source and a metering chamber. 27. The apparatus of claim 26, including a valve operable to fill said metering chamber with a predetermined amount of said fuel and means for forcing said fuel from said metering chamber into said ignition and detonation chamber. (66) The device of claim 62, wherein the metering chamber includes a flexible tube and means for controlling the lengthwise position of the flexible tube to adjust the amount of gas in the metering chamber. (64) The means for forcing the fuel is formed as a sleeve reciprocatably disposed over the ignition and detonation chamber, and when the sleeve is moved to the open position, the fuel-air mixture is removed. a valve arranged to draw the mixture into the gap between the sleeve and the ignition chamber and force the mixture from the gap into the ignition and detonation chamber when the sleeve moves to a closed position; 62
Section equipment. (65) filling the metering chamber (the operable valve is the 64th valve actuated by the reciprocating sleeve);
Section equipment. (B6) The apparatus of clause 65, wherein the metering chamber includes a flexible tube and means for clamping the tube by 1σ along the length of the tube to adjust the amount of the gas in the metering chamber. (67) The exit opening at the front end of the explosion chamber is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the explosion chamber, and the sleeve is for nuclear use.
26 which is open to the surrounding air at both shaft ends around [opening 1]
Section equipment. (38) A piston is disposed beyond the outlet opening. 27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein a nuclear piston is adapted to be driven by said compression wave to transfer energy. (FIG. 9) t'+fl Jm1 means having an element disposed beyond said outlet I', which element is adapted to generate said compression wave for refilling said ignition and detonation chamber with said mixture. The second part is supposed to be used
Apparatus of Section 6. (40) The loading means includes the fuel source and tl'jii:
69. The method of claim 69, comprising a chamber, a valve operable to fill said volume chamber with a predetermined amount of said fuel, and means for forcing fuel from said volume chamber into said ignition and detonation chamber. Device. (41) The means for forcing the fuel is formed as a sleeve reciprocatingly inserted over the ignition and detonation chamber, and the means for forcing the fuel-air mixture when the sleeve moves to the open position. a valve disposed to draw into the space between the sleeve and the ignition chamber and force the mixture from the space into the ignition and detonation chamber as the sleeve moves to the closed position; 41. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein said valve operable to fill a metering chamber is actuated by said reciprocating sleeve. 42. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein an element disposed beyond the outlet opening is arranged to reciprocate the sleeve to reload the ignition and detonation chamber. (4) The apparatus of claim 69 including means for activating said ignition means to ignite said reloaded mixture to repeatedly form said series of compression waves.