JPS5953806B2 - Method for producing fibrous feed for herbivores - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a method for producing fibrous feed suitable for raising herbivorous animals;
More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing fibrous feed for herbivorous animals, which converts feed raw materials into feed by preserving them for a certain period of time.

In addition to being important as a source of calories in the feed of herbivorous animals, fiber itself is required to maintain the normal functioning of the animal's digestive organs, such as the stomach and intestines.

In particular, the structure of the digestive system of rebel animals is markedly different from that of monogastric animals, and if they are not fed feed containing fibers with considerable length, ruminal development failure and parakeratosis occur. However, it is known that this results in various problems such as a decrease in feed digestibility and a decrease in milk fat percentage in milking cows.

However, in recent years, with the increase in the breeding of large livestock such as dairy cows and beef cattle, there has been a shortage of fibrous feed such as grass, which has forced imports from foreign countries.

On the other hand, the stems, leaves and cobs of herbaceous plants, such as rice straw, wheat straw, and corn cobs, which are produced in large quantities in Japan, and the bark and trunks of woody plants, such as sawdust, chips, and seed hulls, such as rice husks, peanut half husks, etc., are recycled. Although it contains a large amount of fiber necessary for wild animals, it is not used effectively as feed.

The reason for this is that these fibrous substances have low digestibility and are not palatable to animals, and cannot satisfy the amount of fiber intake required by ruminants if they are not used as they are.

Incidentally, chemical treatments such as treatment with alkali or acid, treatment with ammonia, treatment with lime, or physical treatments such as pulverization using a roll mill and high-frequency irradiation have been attempted in order to increase the nutritional value of the above-mentioned fibrous substances. These treatments are not practical as they increase the cost of feed for livestock, and in addition, they impair the inherent stiffness of the fibers, making them difficult to use as fibers to maintain the normal functioning of the digestive organs of herbivorous animals. brings the disadvantage of reducing the quality effect.

In addition, brewer's raw glaze produced in the production of beer, whiskey, and alcohol, raw glaze produced in the production of soy milk and tofu, raw lees produced in the production of fruit juice and vegetable juice, and raw lees produced in sugar production. Various raw glazes produced in the manufacturing process of various foods and drinks, such as starch meal and starch meal, can be used as succulent feed that is highly palatable to herbivorous animals, especially renegade animals, when used immediately after production. However, these raw glazes have a high moisture content, so they have poor shelf life and deteriorate within a few days.Furthermore, depending on the type, the production amount fluctuates widely depending on the season, so it is difficult to use them as feed. You will be subject to restrictions.

Furthermore, if large amounts of these raw glazes are fed to animals, the nutritional balance will be poor, reproductive problems will be observed, and mastitis will be more likely to occur.

It has been proposed to dry or freeze these raw glazes to increase their shelf life, or to ferment them using microorganisms such as yeast, but these methods are impractical due to cost considerations.

In view of the above-mentioned current situation, the present inventor conducted research on fibrous feed suitable for raising herbivorous animals, and found that the stems, leaves, cobs, decomposed bark, and tree trunks or seeds of plants that are available at low cost and in large quantities in our country. The main raw material is a mixture of fibrous materials such as the outer skin and various raw glazes that are produced in large quantities in the manufacturing process of various foods and drinks, and if necessary, nutrients for herbivores are added to this mixture and kneaded thoroughly. The present invention was based on the knowledge that it can be converted into a state suitable for feed for herbivorous animals by storing it in a hermetically sealed manner for a certain period of time under anaerobic conditions.

That is, the feature of the present invention is that the stems and leaves of plants, cobs, crumbled skin,
Fibrous materials selected from the group consisting of tree trunks and seed hulls, various raw glazes produced in the manufacturing process of various food and drink products, and nutritional substances for herbivorous animals as necessary, with a moisture content of about 40 to about 60%. The mixture is kneaded so as to expel and dissipate the air present in the gaps in the structure of the fibrous material, and a predetermined amount of the kneaded product obtained is packaged in non-breathable packaging material. After deaerating and sealing, it should be stored for 4 to 40 days.

The present invention will be explained in detail below.

. In the present invention, the foliage of a plant used as a feed material refers to the foliage of a herbaceous plant such as rice straw or wheat straw, and the cob of a plant refers to the cob of a herbaceous plant such as corn cobs. This means the sugar beet and tree trunk of plants, including sawdust and chips, and examples of seed hulls include rice husks and fallen half-husks.

All of these are rich in fiber, and their lengths are cut or adjusted to 5 mm or more, preferably 25 mm to 100 mm.

The reason for adjusting the length of these fibrous materials to 5 mm or more is that the axial rigidity of the fibrous materials used to feed herbivorous animals, especially renegade animals, is insufficient for feed containing a large amount of fibrous materials shorter than 5 mm. This is because the animal's stomach wall friction becomes insufficient, and as a result, the vitality of the stomach wall decreases, causing various disorders such as rumen parakeratosis, growth retardation, and decreased feed digestibility.

Note that it is also possible to use a mixture of two or more of these fibrous materials.

Further, the raw glazes used in the present invention include a wide range of types produced in the manufacturing process of various food and drink products as described above, and two or more types can be used in combination.

Furthermore, in the present invention, in addition to the above-mentioned fibrous materials and raw glazes, nutrients for herbivorous animals may be added and used as necessary.

Examples of these nutritional substances include grains such as corn and barley, rice bran such as grains, oil cakes such as soybean meal, molasses, vitamins, and minerals, which are two types. The above may be used in combination.

The present invention involves mixing the above-mentioned plant fibers, raw glazes, and nutritional substances as necessary so that the total moisture content is about 40 to about 60%, and adjusting the sugar content in the blend to be 1 to 2%. (preferably) and knead thoroughly.

This kneading is best done using a kneader, for example.
The water content of the raw glaze (generally containing 75 to 80% water) allows the nutrients to be evenly dispersed, with some of them becoming adsorbed by the fibrous material.

In addition, by this kneading, the air existing in the gaps between the structures of individual fibrous materials with high roughness and rigidity is expelled, and the raw glaze enters into the gaps, so the structure of the kneaded product obtained becomes dense, and then This will prevent air from entering.

Therefore, subsequent packaging and deaerating and sealing of the kneaded product becomes easy.

That is, the kneading of the feed raw material composition as described above is one of the important characteristics of the present invention.

Next, in the present invention, the kneaded product thus obtained is filled into a bag or container made of a non-breathable packaging material, such as a synthetic resin such as polyvinyl chloride or polyethylene, and if the kneaded product remains in the packaging material, After removing the air, seal it.

By packaging the kneaded feed raw material mixture in a deaerated and sealed manner, the atmosphere inside the package is maintained in an anaerobic state, suppressing the growth of aerobic microorganisms, and furthermore, reducing the moisture content of the package to approx. Since it is maintained at 40 to about 60%, deterioration caused by secondary fermentation such as butyric acid fermentation is also suppressed.

In the present invention, by further storing the feed raw material mixture sealed and packaged in a deaerated manner as described above for 4 to 40 days, the lactic acid bacteria mainly attached to the fibrous material proliferate in the raw material mixture and cause lactic acid fermentation. This produces aromas and flavors suitable for herbivores, such as those found in silage.

It is appropriate for the aroma and flavor to develop due to this lactic acid fermentation for about 4 to 40 days, preferably 14 to 20 days.

If the storage period is shorter than 4 days, the aroma and flavor described above will not be sufficiently imparted, while if it exceeds 40 days, the lactic acid fermentation will proceed excessively, increasing the acidity and reducing the palatability of the feed. Should.

In addition, since the temperature condition for the above-mentioned storage in the present invention may be room temperature, it is also possible to store the product deaerated and sealed in the above-described manner during distribution, such as transportation, as long as it is within the above-mentioned period.

Recently, it has been proposed to knead pasture into a semi-paste or pasty state, divide it into small pieces, seal and package it, and turn it into silage while preserving it for distribution.
No. 90), there have been no reports yet on converting fibrous materials and raw glazes, which have poor utility value as they are, such as the feed raw materials used in the present invention, into feeds with high nutritional value and palatability under preservation.

The blending ratio of the feed raw material composition in the present invention is determined by taking into consideration the moisture and sugar content of each of the fibrous materials, raw glazes, and nutritional materials used, and as described above, the water content of the entire mixture is approximately 40%.
According to the experimental results of the present inventors, a blending ratio within the following range is preferable from the viewpoint of kneading the blend.

Plant stems, leaves, cobs, bark, and outer bark of tree trunks and seeds 20 to 60
Parts by weight: Raw glazes: 40-80 parts: Nutrients: 0-2011 The fibrous feed obtained by the present invention is a plant fibrous material, a raw glaze, and a nutrient material that undergo moderate lactic acid fermentation and become herbivorous due to the interaction of these substances. It has increased palatability for animals and contains fiber in an amount necessary for the animal to ingest, and the fiber has a rough rigidity that can promote the function of the rumen of animals. Therefore, when this feed is given to herbivorous animals as so-called roughage, for example, dairy cows can improve their lactation and produce milk with a high milk fat percentage, while fattening cows have the advantage of increasing body weight gain.

In addition, the feed according to the present invention contains carotene such as green grass,
It prevents the yellowing of body fat that occurs when feeding forage with a high xanthophyll content, and in addition, it stabilizes forage prices because it is not affected by seasonal fluctuations in the supply of forage sources. It can also be said that it greatly contributes to the husbandry and management of herbivorous animals because it stabilizes roughage components.

The present invention will be described in more detail below by way of examples.

Preparation of Example Feed Raw Material Mixture: A raw material mix is prepared by mixing 40 parts by weight of rice straw cut to an average length of 50 mm (fibrous material), 40 parts by weight of tofu cake, and 20 parts by weight of pressed barley.

The above formulation is fed into a nigu and kneaded thoroughly for 5 minutes.

A bag made of polyvinyl chloride is filled with 20 kg of the kneaded material obtained, and the bag is sealed after being deaerated by a conventional method.

After being sealed and stored at room temperature for 20 days, the bag was opened and the breeding test described below was conducted.

The feed after opening had a good aroma and flavor.

Breeding test: (1) Lactation test of dairy cows, test method Two Holstein cows (weight 550-600 kg) in the lactating period (coded as A and B) were used as test cows, and each of them was tested for 10 days. After an adjustment period, 2 districts 3 were divided into 4 periods with 21 days as 1 period.
By the reversal method, 10 kg of fibrous feed, 30 kg of cowhide, and 4 kg of dairy cow compound feed obtained in the above example were fed to each head in 1 rice field (invention area) as feed.
As a comparison, the feed raw material mixture itself used in the above example (not subjected to the treatment according to the present invention) was 10 kg.
, 30 kg of cowhide and 30 g of dairy cow compound feed were given to the animals, and the milk yield and milk fat percentage were examined.

The results are shown in Table 1 below.

In addition, the milk yield and milk fat percentage in the table show the average values of the daily average amounts of A and B for the 1st and 3rd period, and the 2nd and 4th period.

As seen in the table above, 1 fed with the feed according to the present invention.
It is demonstrated that the milk yield and milk fat percentage in the ward are superior to the control ward (ward 2).

(2) Fattening test test method Five 300-day-old Holstein steers were tested in each area. In area 1 (invention area), 62.5% by weight of the fibrous feed obtained in the above example was added to beef cattle. A feed consisting of a compound feed of 37.5% by weight was used for beef cattle in Group 2 (control group) with 62.5% by weight of the feed raw material compound used in the above example (not treated according to the present invention). Feed 37.5
The test was carried out for 200 days in each group in an open-type cowshed, while feeding the animals with a feed consisting of % by weight and allowing them to take the feed ad libitum.

The results are shown in Table 2 below.

As seen in the above table, it is demonstrated that both the weight gain and the feed intake in Group 1 fed with the feed according to the present invention were superior to the control group (District 2).

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Fibrous materials selected from the group consisting of plant stems, leaves, cobs, bark, trunks, and seed skins cut or adjusted to a length of at least 5 mm, various raw glazes obtained in the food and drink manufacturing process, and If necessary, a nutrient for herbivorous animals is mixed with a water content of about 40 to about 60% and kneaded to dissipate the air present in the interstices of the structure of the above-mentioned fibrous material. A method for producing a fibrous feed for herbivorous animals, which comprises packaging a predetermined amount of a dough in a non-breathable packaging material, deaerating and sealing the product, and storing it for 4 to 40 days.