JPS595018B2 - rotary waste shredder - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a rotary waste crusher that continuously crushes large waste into coarse particles by utilizing the shearing action of a fixed blade and a rotating blade. .

The crushing of large waste materials such as unused durable consumer goods is roughly divided into impact action and renewal action, and compression action is used as an adjunct to these actions. Most of the machines that utilize impact action are rotary hammer crushers, which were used to crush rocks and coal. It took time and effort to replace it. On the other hand, the new type crusher has a reciprocating chassis and two chassis.
A hammer crusher generally consists of a feeding part (pusher) to the 0-yer, and while it has the advantage of having fewer worn parts and replacement parts, the dimensions and particle size distribution after crushing are uneven, making it difficult to use a hammer crusher. The disadvantage is that the processing capacity is smaller than that of the formula. For this reason, the inventors of the present invention filed a patent application in 1983 to develop a rotary crusher that utilizes shearing action.
Specification No. 42882 (Japanese Patent Publication No. 58-33019)
We first proposed a device similar to the one disclosed in . This one is number T
~ As shown in Figure 8, a plurality of fixed 30 fixed blades b are installed in a radial pattern on the soil part of the base a, and a rotating housing c that rotates close to the blades is arranged above the blades, After the waste (object to be crushed) introduced from above the rotary housing c is divided into 35 pieces by the shearing force of the rotary blade d and the fixed blade b provided at the bottom of the rotary housing c, the waste is divided into 35 pieces by each fixed blade b. The crushing work can be performed continuously by sequentially dropping the crushing holes f formed in the attachment part to the discharge port g below.
In addition, when installing the fixed blade b, if an abnormal load is applied to the fixed blade b, the locking pin e of the fixed blade b
When the fixed blade b comes off, the fixed blade b can freely rotate downward, so that even if more waste than the crushing capacity is thrown in, the device will not be damaged. However, since the above device is configured such that the housing c rotates together with the rotary blade d, there is a risk that the input waste may rotate within the housing c and not fall smoothly to the position of the rotary blade d. In addition, in order to rotate the housing C, it is necessary to separately provide a fixed housing for protection on the outside of the housing C, which creates a double structure for the housing C, which poses a problem in that the entire device becomes complicated. Ta. In view of the above points, the present invention provides a rotary crusher that uses shearing force as described above, in which a cylindrical part is interposed in the soil part of the base and a conical housing is fixed to the inner circumferential wall of the cylindrical part. By fitting the annular frame of the rotary blade into the formed annular recess, it is possible to completely prevent the waste from co-rotating with the rotary blade, making the shearing and crushing process even more effective. be.

Next, the configuration of the present invention will be specifically explained based on the drawings.

Figure 1 is a plan view of the rotary waste crusher, Figure 2 is a side view with the base section omitted, and Figure 3 is a sectional view taken along the arrow A-A line in Figure 1. , FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line B--B in FIG. 1 in the direction of the arrow.

However, in FIG. 4, illustration of the rotating shaft of the rotary blade and the primary cutter is omitted. In the figure, numeral 1 is a cylindrical base installed on the waste outlet Fa formed on the floor F, 2a is a cylindrical part fixed on this base 1, and 2 is a conical part fixed on the cylindrical part 2a. 3 is a waste inlet installed at the upper opening of the housing 2; 4 is a waste inlet installed in the upper opening of the housing 2;
This is a crushing chamber formed between the base 1 and the floor surface 1 of the base 1.

As shown in FIG. 3, a wear-resistant and soundproof liner 4a is provided on the inner wall of the crushing chamber 4, and a soundproof cover 4b is provided on the outer wall thereof. Reference numeral 5 denotes a waste detection device disposed near the input port 3 to detect whether or not the input port 3 is clogged with waste.

A spray device 6 is also installed near the input port 3 to prevent fine dust generated in the crushing chamber 4 from flying outside.

Two elongated crushing holes 8 extending radially from the center of the base 1 are opened in the floor surface 7 of the base 1, and a fixed blade 9 is provided in each crushing hole 8 (Fig. 6). reference).

That is, a support shaft 10 is provided from the side wall of the base 1 toward its center, and a substantially dogleg-shaped support lever 11 is swingably mounted on the support shaft 10. Attach the fixed blade 9 in such a way that it protrudes, and also attach the support lever 1.
One end of an operating rod 12 is pivotally attached to the lower end of the base 1, and the operating rod 12 is slidably fitted into a support tube 13 formed on the side wall of the base 1. The other end of the operating rod 12 is made to protrude from the end of the support cylinder 13, and a locking pin 14 is attached to this protrusion, and the locking pin 14 fixes the operating rod 12 and the end of the support cylinder 13. Then, the fixed blade 9 is set in a crushing state so that it does not swing. Note that this locking pin 14 breaks when a shear load exceeding a certain limit is applied to the fixed blade 9 and releases the fixed state of the operating rod 12. This constitutes an overload safety device that will cause the crushing work to be interrupted by swinging towards the engine. Further, near the tip of this operating rod 12, there is a device that detects the axial displacement of the swinging rod 12 of the fixed blade 9 and stops the driving device of the rotary blade or stops the input of waste from the feeder. A limit switch 15 is attached that issues an operation control signal to Note that instead of attaching the limit switch 15 to the support tube 13, it may be provided near the support lever 11 and actuated directly by the swinging of the lever 11.
On the other hand, a rotary blade 16 is attached to the upper blade of the floor surface 7 with a slight spacing from the blade surface of the fixed blade.

That is, a rotary shaft 17 is provided vertically in the center of the base 1, and a rotary blade 16 having a radial blade fixed thereto is attached toward the circumferential annular frame 19. P] The annular frame 19 has a cylindrical portion 2a at the top of the base.
The rotary blade is fitted into an annular recess 18 formed in the inner circumferential wall of the rotary blade, and serves to increase the inertia of the rotary blade as a rotating body and to improve the strength and rigidity of the rotary blade mounting portion. Note that the height between the blade surface of the fixed blade 9 and the base floor surface 7 determines the particle size of the crushed material. The rotating shaft 17 has a cylindrical shape as shown in FIG. 3, and a primary cutter 31 projecting toward the crushing chamber 4 is attached to the upper end of the central shaft 32.

A drive shaft 21 is disposed below the rotating shaft 17 in an orthogonal direction, and a reversing mechanism is configured by a bevel gear 22 at the tip of the drive shaft, a bevel gear 33 at the lower end of the core shaft, and a bevel gear 20 at the end of the rotating shaft. Therefore, the primary cutter 31 is adapted to rotate in the direction opposite to that of the rotary blade 16. This primary cutter 31 coarsely crushes the input waste and
This is for ejecting the crushed material toward the inner wall of the housing 2 and applying impact action to crush it by compression impact. Drive shaft 2
1 has a sheave 23a at the other end, and as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, several V-belts 24 are stretched between the sheave 23 on the driving device side and the sheave 23a.

In the figure, 25 is an electric motor, 26 is a fluid coupling, 27 is an oil supply pipe for lubricating rotating parts, 28 is a motor for driving one of the oil supply pumps 29, and 30 is a protective cover for the drive mechanism, etc. The crusher of the present invention has the configuration shown in the above-mentioned embodiment, and its operation will be explained below.

First, when large-sized waste is fed into the input port 3 opened at the top of the crusher by means such as an input, a chute, or a conveyor, the waste is fed into the primary cutter 31 protruding into the housing 2. After being coarsely crushed and fragmented to some extent, it is further collided with the inner wall of the housing 2 by the rotational force of the cutter 31, and is compressed and crushed while moving to the lower blade.
The fracture hole 8 that is guided to its bottom and then formed in the base 1
Fall inwards.

When falling into the crushing hole 8, the rotary blade 16 rotating on the base 1 soil and the fixed blade 9 on the base 1 side perform crushing due to shearing action. The waste falls through the hole 8 to the waste outlet Fa formed on the floor F. At this time, the rotary blade 16 and the primary cutter 31 are connected to one drive shaft 2.
It is driven by a bevel gear 22 fixed to 1,
Bevel gears 20 and 33 that engage with this bevel gear 22 and constitute a reversing mechanism rotate the rotary blade 16 and the primary cutter 3.
1, the waste falling into the crushing chamber 4 is efficiently crushed. In this way, the rotary blade 1
The waste is shredded into small pieces by the shearing force between the blade 6 and the fixed blade 9, but if the waste is too hard or too thick to be shredded by these shearing forces, When a load above a certain level is applied to the fixed blade 9, the fixed blade 9 swings backward, thereby preventing damage to the device.

That is, the fixed blade 9 is swingably attached to the support shaft 10, and the operating rod 12 connected to the fixed blade 9 is normally fixed to the support tube 13 via the locking pin 14 to crush the blade. However, if an abnormal load is applied to the fixed blade 9, the operating rod 12 connected thereto will be strongly pulled forward, and the locking pin 14 will be damaged by this force. Then, the operating rod 12 becomes free, and the fixed blade 9 connected to it also swings backwards around the support shaft 10 due to the load, so that it is no longer sandwiched between the rotary blade 16 and the fixed blade 9. Waste that cannot be sheared is crushed through the crushing hole 8 without changing its size.
Either it falls downward from within or remains in the crushing chamber. At this time, the limit switch 15 is activated by moving the operating rod 12 in the axial direction.
is activated to stop the rotary blade 16 or stop the input of waste. Note that operation is restarted after removing the uncuttable waste caught between the blades and replacing the locking pin 14. As mentioned above, since the crusher of the present invention crushes waste using the shearing force between the rotating blade and the fixed blade, it can easily crush even highly tough waste. Furthermore, the blade itself is less affected by wear and tear, and can maintain its sharpness for a long period of time.

In particular, in the present invention, a conical housing is fixed to the base by interposing a cylindrical part, and the annular frame of the rotary blade is fitted into an annular recess formed in the inner circumferential wall of the cylindrical part. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the waste (object to be crushed) from collapsing with the rotary blade and increase the crushing capacity. Moreover, since only a fixed housing is provided without providing a rotating housing on the base, there is no need for the housing portion to have a double structure, and there is an advantage that the overall structure of the device can be simplified. Furthermore, in the case where an abnormal load is applied to the fixed blade, the present invention cuts the locking pin 14 of the fixed blade.
Since the fixed blade escapes backward or the rotary blade stops operating, even if waste that cannot be crushed by the device of the present invention is thrown in, the device will not be damaged. There is no inconvenience to do so.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of the rotary waste crusher of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a side view of the crusher with the base section omitted, and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. 1. , Figure 4 is B- in Figure 1.
A cross-sectional view taken along line B, FIG. 5 is a plan view of the rotary blade and primary cutter, and FIG. 6 is a cross-section of the soil half taken along line D-D in FIG.
A cross-sectional plan view showing the lower half taken along line E-E in Fig. 4, Fig. T is a sectional view of a conventional crusher, and Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the crusher shown in Fig. T in relation to the fixed blade. It is a side view cut away and shown at a position including a stop pin attachment part. 1: Base, 2: Housing, 2a: Cylindrical part, 3: Inlet, 4: Crushing chamber, 8: Crushing hole, 9: Fixed blade, 10: Support shaft, 11: Support lever, 12: Operating rod, 13: Support cylinder,
14: Locking pin, 15: Limit switch, 16: Rotating blade, IT: Rotating shaft, 18: Annular recess, 19 Two circular annular frame body, 21: Drive shaft, 31: Next cutter.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A rotating shaft 11 is installed vertically in the center of the base 1, and a rotating blade 16 with a radial blade fixed to the rotating shaft 11 facing the circumferential annular frame 19 is attached, and the rotary blade 16 is installed from the input port 3 in the upper part of the housing. In a crusher that shears the waste input into the crushing chamber 4 between the fixed blade 9 on the base side and the rotary blade 16 and discharges it from the crushing hole 8 formed on the top surface of the base, A conical housing 2 is fixed to the upper part with a cylindrical part 2a interposed therebetween, and an annular frame 19 of the rotary blade is placed in an annular recess 18 formed in the inner circumferential wall of the cylindrical part 2a.
At the same time, a support shaft 10 is provided in the crushing hole 8 to swing the fixed blade 9, and an operating rod 12 led out from the lower end of the fixed blade 9 is attached to the side of the base 1. A rotary waste crusher characterized in that it is supported by a support cylinder provided therein, and a locking pin 14 is attached to the tip of an operating rod 12, which can be damaged by a shear load exceeding a certain limit. 2. The rotary waste crusher according to claim 1, wherein the rotary blade 16 has a primary cutter 31 that rotates in the opposite direction to the rotary blade 16 at the center of the rotary blade. 3. The support cylinder 13 that supports the operating rod 12 has a limit switch 15 that detects the axial displacement of the operating rod 12 due to the rocking of the fixed blade 9 during overload and issues an operation control signal. The rotary waste crusher according to paragraph 1.