JPS59501348A - How to manufacture metal products - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] name of invention How to manufacture metal products Technical field FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to metal plastic working, and in particular to a method for manufacturing metal products.

Background technology in the liquid material created when the ram moves in contact with the liquid material through the die. A molding method including a step of extruding under pressure (see British Patent No. 1393143) A method of processing a blank is known.

This well-known method involves melting the applied coating on the walls of the container or in front of the blank. In order to specifically create a liquid lubricant film, heating of the container and blank is required.

This method has several drawbacks. One is to melt the coating to create a liquid. Because the temperature must be such that body lubrication is obtained, the deformation of the heated metal causes Poor quality of manufactured metal products. Surface and internal destruction has been observed in metal products; In addition, even rupture of the hard coating was found.

When using molten material as a lubricant due to the above fractures, the surface quality of the finished product may vary. It is also noteworthy that they are often very low.

Furthermore, the critical plasticity of the hard coating described in this patent is the cause of its continuity failure. be. This is due to the rapid rupture of the coating when there is a large deformation. Finished products The quality deteriorates as the strength of the press tool deteriorates.

In this technology, the shell container for hot equilibrium forming is made of an alloy that is superplastic at the processing temperature. The dimensions of the hot isostatic molding produced (see U.S. Pat. No. 4.077.109) are also known. It is.

This method suffers from many defects originating from the shell press method, namely: Low accuracy of finished products due to deformation, uniform deformation conditions of pressed products can be obtained. If the shell material is made from powdered material and has certain properties and quality, The application of the method is used only to produce semi-finished products which are further processed in order to It has a limited field of use.

In this technology, refer to isothermal extrusion method of metals and alloys, USSR, inventor's certificate No. 651,868 (No.) is also known, by which a billet coated with a lubricant is heated. , the extrusion is carried out at a temperature and speed that ensures superplasticity of the bit material. of the billet The surface layer is treated prior to extrusion to finely texture the particles in that layer.

The method reduces the frictional forces and eliminates the extremes of the surface layer present in superplastic conditions during extrusion operations. The applicability makes the deformation more uniform. However, this well-known method In the extrusion temperature and speed conditions, the processed fillet and toe materials to obtain a fine-grained structure are Intermediate layers that correspond to the superplastic condition of the layer, but whose grain structure is generally not as fine as the surface. Temperature and velocity conditions for layer deformation are not satisfied. Therefore, changes in these intermediate layers It is difficult to control shape conditions and achieve desirable quality of metal products over the long term. It is difficult. The method uses low quality products with high deformation degree, dimensional accuracy and special hardness and finishing. It is clear that the quality requirements of certain organizations cannot be met.

A significant drawback of the known method is that the surface layer of the workpiece is in superplastic conditions and that the isothermal extrusion The adhesion between the tool and the contact surface during the process cannot be removed due to limited friction.

This leads to poor quality of the machined surface and low durability of the tools used.

And finally, a method for deforming metal workpieces (see British Patent No. 1゜411,999) is known, and by that method a surface layer is added to the workpiece to facilitate deformation. Electrolytically deposited.

The surface layer that facilitates deformation is made of more than 99.99% aluminum, cadmium, and aluminum. Contains gold or zinc, 4 It is deposited on the workpiece in oxygen-free and anhydrous organometallic electrolysis. Deformation is done by pressing or stamping. This is done by extrusion, extrusion, and drawing. The surface layer is heat treated before deformation.

This increases the degree of deformation possible, for example in cold deformation as a carrier for viscous lubricants. The technical advantages of the electrolytically deposited coatings used in this method compared to the well-known coatings used are Good deformability improves the durability of the processing tool, making it easier to deform.

However, compared to the above methods of preparing the workpiece surface for cold deformation, the well-known method to reduce friction and make deformation uniform across its cross section. do not have. Therefore, manufacturing high quality products with special physical and mechanical properties is Have difficulty.

Other disadvantages of this method are due to the limited temperature range of the thermal stability of the electrolytically deposited coatings. The applicability is narrow in terms of the temperature range of isothermal deformation. Furthermore, the electrolytically deposited coating Due to limited plasticity, continuity cannot be maintained at high degrees of deformation. Tore is the finished product. Leading to low accuracy, non-uniform deformation, and short tool life with poor surface.

Precipitated gold during the deformation process to cause pressure bonding, damaging the finished product quality. It is also added that the method does not prevent direct attachment of metal and tool. The above drawback is Manufacture products with electrodeposited coatings from sheet or strip materials through appropriate plastic deformation. This limits the field of application of the method.

An incidental limitation to the field of application of this method is that the above materials are deposited by electrical methods. This makes the method technically ineffective. do.

Disclosure of invention Metal products are manufactured by plastic deformation of the work piece so that the friction is reduced while forming is minimized. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for manufacturing.

The purpose of this is to form a metal coating on the surface of the workpiece to facilitate deformation, and to The plastic deformation of the workpiece is carried out by forming the workpiece. According to the present invention, the material of the metal coating (4) is , exhibits superplastic deformation at a temperature below the melting point of the work piece material, and the plastic metal processing at a temperature and deformation rate corresponding to the conditions required of the coating material to obtain the desired state. This is achieved by a method of manufacturing a metal product characterized by being subjected to force.

The advantages of this method are as follows. The metal layers become superplastic under the above conditions. This creates a separation layer (lubricating film) between the contact surfaces of the work piece and the forming tool.

This separation layer has a unique combination of properties in the superplastic state: High plasticity of the coating material, which is two or three orders of magnitude higher than conventional conditions. has a deformation resistance of the coating material that is one order of magnitude lower.

The combination of properties of such a separation layer means that there is no direct contact of the raw material to be formed and no plastic deformation occurs. The tool can be formed into any shape and has an unusually low resistance to deformation of the coated material. The resistance will reduce the frictional force.

The less frictional force makes the deformation more uniform and the plastic resonance of the material being molded. improves the deformability of the material during molding as it is more fully utilized. In short, metal The quality of the processing is improved by increasing dimensional accuracy, no seizure, low friction force, and high deformability. Improve surface finish and uniform properties.

The material of the metal layer is a metal or a metal that exhibits a superplastic effect at a temperature lower than the melting point of the workpiece material. must be an alloy. This limit is due to the fact that the deformation temperature during forming is lower than the melting point of the work piece material. This is due to the need to be low. Otherwise, the workpiece material will not undergo plastic deformation. stomach. On the other hand, metals and alloys that exhibit superplasticity at temperatures from 20° to the melting point distribution of the workpiece metal The presence of a large area has a negative impact on the possibility of seizure, thermal stability and technological applicability. It is possible to select an appropriate coating from

For the metal layer, a metal or alloy whose superplastic temperature corresponds to the deformation temperature can be used. Cold The alloy for plastic deformation is nickel in weight%, 0.5-21: zinc, 35-76; balance Contains cadmium.

This component has good shielding properties and durability temperature of the metal layer.

When nickel is included in the lubricant, hydrogen is absorbed by the nickel particles during the process. A good system is achieved by preventing hydrogenation of the workpiece surface during electrodeposition for lubrication. gives a cold characteristic. On the other hand, due to the presence of nickel particles, the of particles of size 4,0 MPa) and therefore up to 300 °C Provides a wide range of durable temperatures. If the degree and rate of cold plastic deformation are high enough, the metal During heat deformation, the surface layer is heated to such a temperature.

For warm deformation at temperatures up to 300°C, aluminum 2 to 30% and zinc 70% by weight It is preferable to use an alloy consisting of 98 components.

In the temperature range of 400-700℃, the weight ratio is 50-62% copper and 38-50% zinc. It is preferable to use an alloy consisting of:

Such a coating ensures lubrication and improves the quality of the finished product surface.

When applied to a workpiece, this coating is compressed into the workpiece during plastic deformation and prevents cracks and other This is a protective film that prevents the solidification of oxides that cause defects. According to this proposed method, Various techniques (electrodeposition, hot solution treatment, melting, A metal coating is applied to the workpiece by dipping (e.g., dipping into the material).

If the product is manufactured by multi-step volumetric deformation, the coating is applied to the suspension slurry during the workpiece deformation process. Applied by play. This reduces labor and, in some cases, improves corrosion resistance of the product. Increase resistance.

At deformation temperatures up to 400°C, titanium 0026-0.052, gallium 2. 5-5, using a suspension consisting of 10-20 aluminum and the balance mineral oil is preferred.

This suspension provides good shielding properties during plastic deformation and improves the quality of the finished product. Good. This is achieved by deformation of the solid filler, which is in a superplastic state.

The superplasticity of the aluminum-titanium alloy, which has an ultrafine-grained structure, is easily molten aluminum. Alloying of liquid gallium by forming a mini-gallium separation layer at grain boundaries Occurs during inward diffusion.

Multi-stage die forging, which can include separation work as well as plastic deformation, reduces the die forging force. Apply appropriate temperature and speed to superplastic effects to reduce and improve product quality. Substantial reduction in the coefficient of friction and plastic deformation in the contact area between the workpiece and the tool under extreme conditions The metal coating is dissolved during the separation process, allowing for optimal utilization of stress-strain patterns. This excludes the possibility that This gives an adsorption reduction in the strength of the material, resulting in Provides important separation power.

This proposal manufactures products by multi-step deformation including surface hardening operations in the finishing stage of deformation. In the special case of using the proposed method, the rate of deformation of the coating layer at an intermediate stage is determined by the rate of deformation of the coating material. Selected from all superplastic ranges. In the finishing stage, the deformation rate of the coating layer The size is limited to within the superplastic range resulting in a primary deformation of the layer.

The proposed method can also use liquids and high viscosity lubricants in conjunction with metal coatings. So These basically reduce the coefficient of friction and prevent the coating from seizing on tools and the like.

In short, lubrication needs to be applied directly to the coating before plastic deformation by the proposed method.

Brief description of the drawing The invention will be described on the basis of specific embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a work piece installed in a forming press machine according to the invention.

In the proposed method, a workpiece 3 having a coating 4 of a conductive material and facilitating plastic deformation is placed. This is realized by a press machine that includes a gunch 1 and a die 2. species cover Further examples of membrane materials are shown. However, before talking about special coating materials, the selection of coating thickness is important. will be discussed.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The initial thickness of the lubricating film in the proposed method is selected by the following formula:

Δo=A, n8g/2 (1) Δ in this formula. - initial coating thickness (microns): constant equal to A-10-15 Average grain size (microns) required to realize the n-superplastic effect: ε - Strength of coating during molding process Equation (1) was obtained based on the following assumptions.

The initial and final shapes of the coating during forming are hollow with the following diameter and cross-sectional area, respectively: It is thought to be a cylinder.

Db r D r Fn, db I d r fl where = Db and D - respectively , the inner diameter and outer diameter of the initial coating; Fn - the cross-sectional area of the initial coating; db and d - inner diameter and outer diameter of the coating after molding; fn - cross-sectional area of the coating after molding; It is expressed as the ratio of products of each average diameter.

where Δ and Δt are the thickness of the coating before and after molding, respectively: Equation (2) can be modified as follows.

(true radial deformation); via true elongation δ Show the magnitude of δ via the deformation strength in this case, and for this particular strain pattern. Therefore, the deformation strength is ε=1δ1.

After substitution, equation (3) takes the following form.

Or Δ. = Δ, e e/2 (5) - The minimum thickness that guarantees superplastic deformation is Selected by the following formula:

Δo=A-n (6) Δ equal to (10-15). The value of is the minimum value that causes slip of grains during superplastic deformation. is equivalent to a number of particles.

- Average particle size (microns) required superplastic deformation. 'The combination of (6) and (5) is Formula (1) is obtained.

According to (1), the finished thickness of the coating is sufficient to realize superplastic flow regardless of the degree of deformation. It's a minute. Therefore, the coating operation remains stable throughout the isothermal forming process. This is the formula This is clear from the induction of (1). Here, isothermal deformation is defined as temperature and deformation from a quality point of view. This is done in an optimal range of speeds and in such a way that the contact layer can be modified to a high level of technology. in this case , frictional resistance is reduced and deformation is more uniform, so high-quality products can be processing, high precision, specific hardness level, defined structure, and product quality. It is manufactured with many other characteristics that depend on individual requirements. Consider quality The degree of work in press working, which is carried out as a superplastic flow process, is determined by the There is a possibility of selecting coating materials that are easily compatible with this method and that are unique to the coating. The conditions allow a wide range of superplasticity due to high working degrees.

The different selectivities of the coating material improve the seizure tendency of the tool material at temperatures characteristic for isothermal deformation. Allows selection of materials with orientation. Furthermore, seizure between the work piece and the tool is This is prevented by the pattern coating remaining continuously throughout the molding process.

Some specific examples implementing the proposed method are shown below.

Example 1 This proposed method was applied to hexagonal steel (0,8-0,88%C, 3,8-44%Cr, 5.5- 6.5%W, 1.7-2.1%V.

5, 0-5.5% Mo (balance Fe) by cold extrusion. there was. It is necessary to maintain dimensions within first-class accuracy and surface roughness equal to 0032 during quality control. There is a point. Each contact surface is 64. OCd, 35. OZn and lN1 (weight %) of a cadmium-zinc-nickel alloy. The coating is produced by electrodeposition (electrodeposition). ), the initial thickness was 15-20 microns, and the average particle size was 0.5 microns. be. To obtain the superplastic effect of this particular alloy, the average grain size is within 1-2 microns. The use of electrodeposition to obtain fine grain structures eliminates the need for special surface treatments. Ru. Extrusion is necessary to generate the superplastic effect of the Cd-Zn-N'i alloy. It was carried out at room temperature corresponding to the temperature. Hydraulic pressure that allows deformation speed to be adjusted from 0 to 26W A press was used. The various tools were made from grade 1 precision tool steel.

After extrusion, the dimensions and surface quality of the die indentation are (surface finish - 0,032 microns) )Met. Its accuracy was at the first class level. Extrusion force is mainly composed of viscous lubricant This is a reduction of 40 times compared to the extrusion method using a solid film.

Example 2 The method according to the present invention uses steel (0.8-0.88% C, 3.8%) by warm extrusion. -4.4% Cr, 5.5-6.51W, 1.7-2.1%V, To manufacture solid forming dies from 5.0-5.5% Mo, balance -Fe used. A coating of Cu-Zn alloy was applied to the surface of the workpiece. The solid coating has a super 61 respectively, showing plastic effect at 780-800℃ and deformation temperature at 800℃. It was made from a Cu-39Zn alloy containing % Cu and 39% Zn. The coating is 9 - With a thickness of 12 microns, the particle size of the coating is 0.5 microns, which is no longer a fine grain. It was carried out by electrodeposition without the need for treatment of the tissue pool.

A hydraulic press was used for extrusion pressure. The quality improvement here is the viscosity at the contact surface. This is due to the lack of adhesion, so even if the degree of deformation is large, the inner surface A high level of quality can be obtained.

The following advantages of the present invention compared to prior art methods become apparent.

High precision of various products, excellent quality of surface They are subsequently made by many metal machines Skip machining.

The product is created to define its physical and mechanical properties and eliminates subsequent operations. did.

This proposal described in the above example and inventor's certificate No. 651868 explaining the invention method A comparative analysis of known methods according to is warranted in the following cases.

1) Reduced effort by a factor of 15, increased die strength by a factor of 15-2, increased by a factor of 40 Improved metal utilization factor – used to create hexagonal dies featuring deep recesses case; 2) Reduced effort for the 30-40 section, increased die strength by a factor of 1.5-2, 40 section Improvement in the metal utilization factor of - used to make forming dies featuring deep recesses. If; The proposed method is applicable to metals and machinery used to manufacture precision products with specific usage characteristics. Particularly well suited to mechanical engineering.

Example 3 The proposed method uses direct extrusion to prepare titanium alloys (5,5-6,5%kl, 2- 3%Mo, 0.8-2.31Cr'.

0, 2-0.4% Si, o, 2-o, 7% Fe, balance Ti) to Used to make zippers. Quality control is first class precision and 0.032 micro surface roughness.

A work piece with a length of 18.2 mm and a diameter of 12 mm was side-blasted with synthetic corundum. A layer of aluminum-zinc alloy containing 78% Zn and 221% At coated with. The degree of extrusion was 0.7. The surface treatment of the fine grain structure It consists of heating to 300°C, holding for 5 minutes, and then cooling with water. The average particle size After treatment, the film thickness was 10 microns. The initial coating thickness was 25 microns. corresponds to the value based on equation (1). Zn-AA gold alloy super with the above components during deformation ”The plasticity temperature and speed conditions were as follows: temperature -260°C, average Transformation speed: 107 seconds. Extrusion was carried out in a hydraulic press. The forming tool is made of steel (0,8-〇 88%C, 3,8-4,44Cr, 5.5-6.5%W.

Made from 1.7-2.1%V, 5.0-5.51Mo, balance -Fe) It was.

The liquid lubricant was a mixture of oil and 35 tin molybdenum sulfide. Product quality after transformation The quality was consistent with the present specification.

Example 4 The proposed method was used to create an experimental patch of a detent nut shaped like an ellipse. It was done. This manufacturing process included the following operations.

17. consisting of chemical degreasing, washing in hot and cold water, and cold water washing followed by pickling steps; 17. Steel with a diameter of 3 mm (0,14-8% C, 0,8-1,1% Cr, 0. Made from 8-1.2%Si + 0.9-1.1%NizFe-balance) Primary surface treatment of bar stock; First, cut a blank from the bar, upset the blank from the bar, and create a surface. Upset the blank to extrude the cylindrical part of the nut and form the hexagonal and cylindrical parts. The process includes forming the hexagonal and cylindrical parts, finishing the hexagonal part, and drilling holes. automatic cold extrusion in 6 stages with 7-daying machine; - automatic nut tapping Machine threading on the inside surface of the through hole; 1. In order to obtain an elliptical shape, the cylindrical nut part is subjected to sueno processing.

The extrusion and rotation process was performed using 64.0% cadmium, 35% zinc, and 1% zinc. Made from a cadmium-zinc-nickel alloy with a particle size of 8-10 microns. supplying fine metal powder suspension water with a particle size of approximately 0.5 microns; It was accompanied by The ratio of the metal powder to distilled water was 1:10. The suspension is separate It was made to fill the cooling system of cold heading and nut tap automatic machines. . The suspension is sprayed using a pump installed in the cooling system. Supplied.

During the extrusion and drilling of the cylindrical part of the nut, the entire deformation force is applied to the workpiece and is applied to the bridge circuit. Measurement consisting of a pressure capsule and oscilloscope featuring integrated strain gauges measured by the unit. The measuring unit has a concentration of less than 1% throughout the extrusion process. Continuous recording of deformation forces can be carried out with relative errors. The measurement results are shown in the table below. show.

Finished products should be visually inspected for blisters, cavities, or peeling, if any. cormorant. Corrosion resistance was tested by accelerated salt fog method. Select maximum exposure time in corrosion test chamber It was set as 144 hours. manufactured without any signs of corrosion on its surface after exposure to the salt fog test. The product was deemed to have passed the corrosion test. The results of this visual inspection and corrosion test are shown in the table below. The line related to ``Proposed Method'' is shown.

Table 1 Extrusion “perforation” 2. Method including aluminum coating 93 653, Method including phosphoric acid coating layer 1j O632 butt end and thread surface Discontinuity at butt end, thread and cylindrical part food center 3 Commercial quality Good = Test results for the same zipper patch show that it is the most popular zipper in Japan and abroad. It was manufactured according to the method described on pages 2 and 3, which is a method for manufacturing a gelatin.

The comparative analysis shows that the nuts made by the proposed method have good surface quality and corrosion resistance. It shows that you meet the requirements. Applied to produce the hardest part of the product The applied force is 15 times smaller than that of the conventional method, and the force is also 15 times smaller than that of the popular prior art method. In comparison, it was 36 inches smaller during extrusion and about 13 inches smaller during drilling. The reference method is Due to discontinuities at the butt ends and threaded parts of the product, the product cannot compete in terms of quality and corrosion resistance.

Using the proposed method for making metal screw fasteners has the following advantages:

20 cm reduction per effort 1.5-2 times increase in tool life -Productivity increased by 15% Example 5 The following components, Al 1.0-1.6% Mn + 0.05% Mg, At - Remainder: A 2 5.8-6.8 ChiMg.

0.5-0.8%Mn, 0.02-0. I Ti, At-remaining aluminum Tests were carried out using cylindrical blanks made from aluminum alloys. The cylindrical blank The cage had a diameter of 18°C and a length of 9 mm. By dipping the lubricant of the proposed composition It was applied to the surface of the test piece.

The lubricant was prepared as follows. Aj-0,26Ti alloy powder is poured into liquid gully. thoroughly mixed in a 4:1 weight ratio at temperatures of 50°C, 70°C and 100°C. Ta. The first mixture was kept at 50°C for 15 hours and the second mixture was kept at -70°C for 60 hours. and a third mixture at -100° C. for 120 hours.

The mixture was then cooled to room temperature (20°C).

Diffusion of 1% gallium occurs in the first mixture and in the second and third mixtures respectively. They were 9 and 20% Ga.

The minimum amount of gallium diffusion (1%) into the alloy is the A7-0.26 Ti alloy superplastic. Depending on the conditions required for sex to occur, the maximum amount (20%) is equal to 21 According to the maximum solubility of aluminum in aluminum.

Then mineral oil is added into the mixture in a specific proportion and the composition is mixed to obtain a uniform coating. It was mechanically expanded until

For comparison, the lubricant was the same as that of At-0,26Ti alloy powder and liquid gallium. Mix in proportions and hold the mixture at 50°C for 5-10 minutes, cool to room temperature and then add mineral oil. were prepared using various methods of adding . Under these conditions, gallium diffuses into the alloy. There wasn't.

Lubricant with the following ingredients for squeezing aluminum alloys: A comparative analysis was presented.

Table 2 Flat film component Lubricating manufacturing method Components 4 to 7 are according to the present invention, while components 4 to 3 are well-known inventions.

The content of At-0,26Ti alloy powder, which is a coating, provides lubrication during metal processing. Directed by conditions.

The least amount of alloy powder (10%) can be easily deformed for extrusion of aluminum alloys The maximum amount of alloy powder (20%) is preferably used for deformation. Alloy &, 1 that can easily deform the hardening agent used for extrusion of difficult aluminum alloys Coatings containing 15 or 20 grams of the powder are used for It was used to process yield alloy flat plate 2.

The contact surface of the specimen and the tool were polished to a roughness of 1.0 before coating.

The coated pieces were tested in a hydraulic press with a maximum force of 1000 tf. Invite the test and tools It was heated by conduction.

After deformation, remove the remaining coating material and measure the friction coefficient by Murrell test and profile graph. It was determined by the roughness of the finished surface measured with a profilometer.

The test results are shown in Table 3 below.

Table 3 I At-Alloy 1 400 2 At-alloy AI, 400 3 A7-alloy metal 2 400 At-alloy metal 1 20 4 AA-Alloy AI 20 5 At-alloy A1 20 6 At-alloy A2 400 7 At-alloy metal 2 400 Table 3 (continued) 2, 0.19 ah li 20 3, 0.14 foot 18 0.1.0 Ah Li 16 4. o, os 1.1 5 013 15 6, 0.12 None 1.4 Example 6 Titanium alloy (1,6-3,8% At, 4.0-5.0% V.

4.5-5.54Mo, balance titanium) to create a bolt for a specific purpose.

Prior to extrusion, the blank surface was cleaned, pickled and then cadmium-zinc-nickel. Alloy (64% C’d.

35% Zn, 1% Ni) with a thickness of 10 mm. ...Coated to a thickness of 12 microns.

In the first step, the coating blank was pressed directly onto a rod with holes using a 400 tf crank press. It is deformed by contact extrusion and then by extrusion of the cutting head.

During plastic deformation, the compressive stress is large, which is necessary for the superplastic effect of electroplating to occur. The deformation speed (corresponds to the speed parameter of the crank press used for press processing) ) for approximately 100-10 seconds.

The surface temperature of the workpiece was 150-200°C by the deformation heating. during plastic deformation The speed and temperature conditions thus obtained are such that superplastic effects occur in electroplating. This is a complete guarantee.

The workpiece is then heated until the coating melts and a hexagonal head is formed. plastic deformation A reduction in force of 15 to 35% for shapes and 8 to 12% for cutting is achieved with the method according to the invention. Discovered through comparative analysis of metal processing forces in processing blanks with thermal oxide film let

Example 7 This example uses a high-strength titanium alloy (1,6-3,8 aluminum) through multi-step deformation. , 4.0-5.0 panadiram, 4.5-5.5% molybdenum, balance titanium ) relates to a method for technically manufacturing target bolts.

Before plastic deformation, the titanium alloy (OsM = 88 N/mm) was purified to improve the adhesion. coated with a second layer of nickel to improve the cadmium-zinc-nickel Electromechanical coating with alloy (64.0% cadmium, 35.0% zinc, 1% nickel) will be blocked. The initial thickness of the coating was equal to 915 microns according to equation (1).

The coated blank was placed in a pressure knuckle and deformed in a 400 tf crank press. . The forming process involves the following steps: reducing the area of the bar material, primary forming the bolt head, and forming the head. Finish shaping and then make a shareef. - Pyroforming operations are described by the following assumptions: The experiments were carried out under temperature and speed conditions suitable for superplasticity of the metal coating.

The compressive stress generated during deformation is approximately 5 x 10° seconds, when the superplastic well effect occurs. The shape speed can be increased. The speed corresponds to the press speed iE parameter do.

The deformation heating helps to reach temperatures of 150...200° C. in the surface layer of the workpiece.

These conditions guarantee superplasticity of the coating material. The deformation resistance of the coating material during extrusion is 9.8...29.4 NAm, and the deformation resistance 1 of the work piece material is approximately 88 N /mm.

It hardens during the shaping of the individual parts of the workpiece during the finishing stage. In this example, the first The built shank, which is basically formed during the finishing stage, is finished by a rhinoceros song in the finishing stage. Shape it up. Its surface is simultaneously hardened. At the finishing stage, we proceed to thread rolling. A portion of the shank is formed for molding.

In the above example, the hardening of the bolt surface occurs during the finishing stage of deformation, when the bolt surface contacts under coating superplastic conditions. The speed ratio of metal coating deformation at the edges and center of the workpiece is the deformation resistance of the workpiece and coating material. It's smaller than that. The latter is a superplastic condition.

Several blanks of the titanium alloy were coated with phosphate for comparative analysis purposes. It is then saponified according to U.S. Pat. No. 4,023,225. The molding work is as described above. The surface was hardened using a thread rolling machine.

The technical ability was measured during the molding work. Surface roughness profile graph-Profileme Tested on ta. Geometric dimensions were recorded by tool room microscope.

The results of the laboratory tests are shown in the table below.

These results show that when special purpose bolts are made by the proposed method, the surface finish is The grade can be improved from Ra015 micron to Ra0.08 micron, The geometric dimensions can be increased by one level, and the forming force can be reduced by 15 inches. Ru.

Table 4 Flat screw with coating type included Dimensions Lubrication Table 4 (continued) Characteristics of flat finished products Notes Accuracy edge fine unevenness height diameter) (roughness) 1, 1-2 0:15 micron 2, 2 (114 microns defect (crack) 3, 1 0+, 10 microns 0.08 micron 4.1 0.10 micron international search report Continuation of page 1 Priority claim @ October 20, 1982 ■ Soviet Union (SU) ■ 3503475/23 ■ January 21, 1983 dispute Soviet Union (SU) ■ 3542932/27 ■) Produced by: Latici Vladimir Valentinopi Soviet Union 450001 Ufa Uritsa □ Stepana Karullina Ti 47 Qualchira 30 0 shots clearer Sadeikov Fanis Akhmetzakievich USSR 450025 Ufa Ulitsa Gogolya 20 Kwarchira 2 ■Inventor: Gordeyenko Nikolai Ivanovitch Soviet Union 452030 Berebey Ulitsa Repolutionnerov Di 10 Qwarchira 72 0 shots Mister Stroganov Genrik Borisovich Soviet Union 10347 3 Moscow Ulitsa Porsha Seleznevskaya Tei 30 kolb 1 hoe Lucilla 41 0 shots clearer Pushilkov Vladimir Filibopich Soviet Union 123364 Moscow Ulitsa Svobodiy 28 Korp 2 Quartilla 61

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A metal coating is formed on the surface of the workpiece to facilitate deformation, and by applying pressure Plastic deformation is carried out by forming the work piece. In a method for manufacturing metal products; the material of the metal coating (4) is It exhibits superplastic deformation at temperatures below It is characterized by being formed at a temperature and deformation rate that correspond to the conditions required for the coating material. A method of manufacturing metal products. 2. The coating material is characterized in that its superplastic temperature corresponds to the deformation temperature. The method according to claim 1. 3% by weight nickel, 0.5-2.1: zinc, 35-76; balance cadmium Claim 2 of the cold plastic deformation vessel characterized by using an alloy consisting of: How to put it on. 4. Using an alloy consisting of aluminum, 2-30: zinc, 70-98: Claims for extrusion at a deformation temperature in the range of 20 to 30°C, characterized in that The method according to item 2 of the scope of the invention. 5. Use an alloy consisting of copper, 50-62; zinc, 38-50; Claims for an extrusion vessel at a deformation temperature ranging from 400 to 700°C, characterized in that The method described in Section 2. 6. The coating is applied by suspension spray during the deformation step. According to any one of claims 1 to 5, the metal product is manufactured by multi-step deformation. the method of. 7. The suspension used has the following components by weight: titanium, 0.026-0.052 ; gallium, 2.5-5 nialium, 10-20; balance mineral oil. Claim 6, characterized in that the vessel is extruded at a deformation temperature in the range from 20 to 400°C. Method described. 8. Claim characterized in that the lubrication is applied to the coating before the plastic deformation. The method according to any one of items 1 to 5. 9 Plastic deformation and separation characterized by performing separation work while melting the coating material According to any one of claims 1 to 5 and 8, the metal product is produced by separation. How to put it on. 10. The surface hardening is carried out at the finishing stage of the deformation (excess of the coating in the deformation area). Metal coating deformation rate in the workpiece-tool edge and center contact areas (under plastic conditions) The ratio is the deformation resistance between the material of the workpiece and the coating material under superplastic conditions. Products with hardened surfaces can be manufactured by multi-step deformation characterized by relatively small size. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 and 8 for producing.