JPS5945452A - Electrostatic image developer - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain the entitled developer forming a sharp visible image having high gradation and image quality, by mixing a toner having a specified particle diameter, with a carrier consisting of polyhedral particles. CONSTITUTION:The toner consisting of a polyester resin binder having 5- 20wt% chloroform-insoluble component, 125-145 deg.C softening point, and >=55 deg.C glass transition point, and a colorant and/or a magnetic material; and of a group of particles having 6-10mum average particle diameter in the weight distribution, 5-8mum particle diameter of the most number of particles in the number distribution, the number of <5mum diameter particles amounting to <=15% of the total particle number, and the number of >=16mum diameter particles amounting to <=2%; and the carrier consisting of polyhedral particles, such as ferrite, each coated with a resin film layer on the surface, and having 50-120mum average particle diameter in the weight distribution are mixed to obtain an electrostatic image developing developer having good toner fluidity, a small amt. of toner to be scattered, and superior durability.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to a developer for developing an electrostatic charge image formed in a photochromic method, an electrostatic recording method, a static printing method, or the like. At present, a process using an electrostatic charge image is widely used to form a visible image, but in order to visualize a static image, it is necessary to develop the image with a developer. As electrostatic image developers, conventional f-width types are known, but among these, so-called two-component developers have a +! +'6 It is preferable in that it can form a sharp concave image.This two-component developer is composed of toner and gear rear,
Stirring (by rubbing the toner with the 4-V! Ia to make the toner have a specific polarity, the electrostatic attraction between the toner and the 4-V! The toner is deposited on the electrostatic image support and developed.The toner of such a two-component developer is one in which a colorant such as carbon black is contained in a fraction of the binder resin particles. In general, the smaller the particle size, the higher the sharpness of the visible circular image. However, toners in developers that have been used in practical use have particles with an average particle size of 10 to 15 pm based on superposition distribution. The diameter distribution of the toner particles is quite wide.Thus, the toner particle diameter or its distribution is
■There is a significant influence on the quality of the visual image in the evening, and so far, there are
72 (techniques described in Publication No. 154 are known. However, the toners in these techniques are
The ratio of the number of fine particles with a particle size of less than I m is relatively high, and as a result, fluidity is low and it is difficult to replenish toner smoothly. Because the charge h1 fluctuates, it is formed.
111 During swimming, ``4 degree fluctuations or fogging etc.'' occurred (41-f), and a. It started to look like T-stain, and in the end, it became visible 1...
The effect on the sharpness of one image is lost. Furthermore, as shown above, when the number of fine particles is large, 16p nL
As the proportion of extremely large particles increases, the toner ζ
2.When transferring the formed toner image onto the transfer paper,
Fine particles are scattered outward through the gap between the surface of the electrostatic image support formed by large-diameter particles and the paper surface of the transfer paper, resulting in a large amount of so-called dust. As mentioned above, even if the toner particle size is small in order to improve the sharpness of the visible 1uji image, in reality, for various reasons, the intended 1uji image may not be as clear as expected. In addition, in order to obtain a high-quality visible image, the charging state of the toner used for development must be appropriate, not only in relation to the toner but also in relation to the carrier. Conventionally, as a carrier, iron powder consisting of spherical particles or a material with a resin coating layer formed on the outer surface of the iron powder as a core has been preferably used, but as mentioned above, toner particles If the diameter is small, the total surface area of the toner increases significantly, making it difficult to stabilize the triboelectric charging of the toner.
1st + 4. Stable thickness and triboelectric charging can be achieved by increasing the Wtw of the carrier to meet the requirements.However, in this case, the toner concentration in the developer becomes low. i1i+) becomes narrower, causing instability in self-confidence, and
The total surface area of the toner is larger than the total surface area of the rift.
, so its durability as a curse agent is inferior. The present invention is based on a medium pick-up method such as J.
] Gaga's 0■ stillness that can form a visual image:
The purpose of the present invention is to provide an image developer. Another advantage of the present invention is that the toner has good fluidity and is a static commercial developer with less toner scattering! It is on offer. . In the history of the present invention (1H), the purpose of 1H is to have a wide tolerance range of toner concentration, to be able to obtain a stable #frictional state in the toner, and to use an electrostatic image developer with vague limitations. The second purpose is to provide particles with an average particle size of 6 to 1Op by weight distribution.
m, and the particle size of the largest number of particles in the number distribution is within the range of 5 to 8 prrL, and 5 p r
A toner that excludes a particle group in which the number of particles with a particle size less than rL is 15% or less of the total number of particles, and the number of particles with a particle size exceeding 161 trL is 2% or less of the total number of particles. , consists of polyhedral particles and has an average particle size of 50 to 120 depending on the vehicle weight distribution.
With a carrier consisting of particles within the range of μIn, I
) is achieved by a static 'Q'i pre-image developer characterized by comprising (). The present invention will be specifically explained below. In the present invention, in a two-component developer composed of toner and key V rear, the average particle size of the toner according to its weight distribution is within the range of 6 to 107+ m, and the maximum particle size in the number distribution is The particle size of the particles is within the range of 5 to 81 nm, and the number of fine particles with a particle size of 5p nL less than l-',j is 15% or less of the total number of toner particles, and large diameter particles exceeding 16 pmY. For example, (7) during manufacturing so that the number of toner particles is 2% or less of the total number of toner particles. J now. Regarding the carrier, each particle thereof is a polyhedral particle, and the average particle diameter according to the weight distribution is within the range of 50 to 120 pmo, preferably 9 f or 70 to 1
(It is assumed that it is within the 911 range of l Q Iim, and regarding its particle size distribution, tk! is 4oμ in minutes 4j.
rrL, less than 4% of particles have a lower diameter of 1, and 3(1) particles have a diameter of 130 pm or more.
% or less is preferable. Here, the toner or Gearia's particle shop part J is determined by "Coulter Counter" (manufactured by Coulter 1/Ctritzf Co., Ltd., USA), and the toner is determined by the "Coulter Counter" (manufactured by Coulter Co., Ltd., USA).
It was measured using an aperture tube of 1171 and an aperture tube of curvature 5 (1 (l p rr+) for the key V rear. In the above, what is a polyhedral particle of Gi For example, as shown in Figure 1, the shape as a whole is approximately spherical or ellipsoidal, and the outer surface is formed by a plurality of flat surfaces or slightly curved curves that are close to flat. Particles, such as spherical particles, amorphous particles, or particles with a porous surface made of a carrier material made of metal or alloy, and a machine that collides with a flat surface using a device such as a ball mill, a vibration mill, or an atrafter. The place fJI!
14) Be able to do things. B. Since the invention developer is as described below, it is clear from the description of 1.B. Examples below. ryo5,? Very good results were obtained71. That is, the toner of the developer of the present invention has an average particle size within the range of 6 to 10μIn depending on the amount distribution, and has a smaller average particle size than the toner of the developer used in conventional practical use. Small and therefore delicate 1. c It is possible to faithfully develop both image parts 'V4).
．． cX, Y angle δ1) It is possible to form a visible image defect. Moreover, the particle size of the largest number of particles according to the number distribution is 5.
The average particle size is within the range of ~8.1m, or approximately 8.0m, and the proportion of fine particles and large-diameter particles is small.
The particles that make up Tono have a narrow particle size distribution (so the particle size is uniform as a whole).
:Meanwhile, the stability of development is greatly improved as a result of the development of each particle of the toner with uniform behavior. (9) Threaten and use l to use l to τ5゛C+;t, as Nyayaria, the grain -f uses χ of L 戊romono than multifaceted I.1. 7-) When using carriers of column and shape particles, IL increases to +r +-2 equivalent to the total area of the gear 4), and the weight distribution of the carrier also increases 2) 11'-Uniform diameter is 50
〜12011m r: Due to the increase in toner particle size +-, r: Increase in total surface area of toner due to gel l
+li f? j-q-n) Toner #degree・
Small - [to 1'l, C<8A, rear total surface area to 1 ratio, ner total surface rtt '+'l'l ('i /1.
'Things within a suitable range and 1 ■ shi and 2 etc.: y'-c
＋・ ] −−υ ´n: 1 beni t f ? Hi 1.
(・ Obi City′, state non-I (-1 I), -
Toga-C: % A) To, :! ', Last name, Ill! f
's: Qi 1w, :t;keZ]tof 119% NJ
: (7) Wide tolerance range<? 'tl'');IItefr:The form of a visible image with stable image quality is 'RJV,' and 7.C, which is sufficient as a developer. Due to the characteristics of the toner described above, the formation of a high-quality visible image is ensured.
, Part 1). The L-carrier's clothing area is ridiculously large! For the lok,
■There is also a method to reduce the particle size of Yaria, but this method G
9, the cost of the carrier is high (・mo(10)
) Not only that, but if a resin coating layer, etc. is to be formed on this, strict conditions will be imposed to form the coating, resulting in increased scattering and reduced yield, etc. In addition, in the toner of the developer of the present invention, the proportions of fine particles with a particle size of less than 5711 rL and large particles with a particle size of more than 16p- are 15% or less and 2% or more of the total number of toner particles, respectively. Since the toner is a toner, the fluidity of the toner is sufficient, so that the above-mentioned benefits are not impaired, there is little toner scattering, and the electrostatic image support can be sufficiently cleaned, and the so-called dust is eliminated. I barely make a living. In the Hoki toner, the weight distribution (average particle size based on two
pm or when the particle size of the largest number of particles exceeds 3pnI, on the other hand, 11J people cannot desex the fish (less than 3/Jnc). or when the latter is less than 571 n1, the conventional drawbacks due to the large proportion of fine particles (including when the proportion of fine particles exceeds 15 inches) cannot be eliminated. If the average particle diameter according to the superimposed distribution is less than 50 pm or less than 1Iil'i, although stable charging characteristics can be obtained, the gearia particles may not adhere to the electrostatic charge image support ((J blue phenomenon). When the average particle size exceeds 120t+m, it is not possible to obtain suitable charging characteristics, resulting in poor quality visible images, and at the same time, the range of change in charging density due to changes in toner concentration is large. As the binder for the toner in the developer of the present invention, it is preferable to use a resin containing polyester resin as a main component. Because it is easy to charge negatively, uniform negative charging characteristics can be obtained, and low molecular weight products can be obtained relatively easily.
By using it as a binder, a uniform band ゛I-1
A toner with a low softening point (K4W), which has the characteristics of 4W, has a low softening point, and has a lower "wetting" property on a support such as a transfer paper when melted than a toner with a vinyl polymer as a binder.
It has a good softening point and is lower than that of toner made of vinyl fiber mottled coalescence, which has approximately the same softening point. ! This is preferable in that sufficient fixing can be achieved at a single step. However, if a simple polyester resin is used as a binder, the toner tends to have a low offset generation temperature and a narrow fixable temperature range. However, as a result of various studies, it has been found that the main component is polyester resin containing chloroform-insoluble matter in the range of 5 to 25% by volume.
It has become clear that when a resin containing 100% of the total temperature is used as a binder, the offset generation temperature increases while keeping the softening point low, and therefore a toner having a wide fixable temperature range can be obtained. That is, the chloroporum insoluble content is within the above range]
By using a resin containing a polynisder resin as a main component as a binder, it is possible to reliably obtain a toner having excellent fixing properties and anti-offset properties. Chloroporm insoluble content of binder resin is 25W
When the amount exceeds 5% by weight, the softening point of the toner becomes high and the fixing temperature fluctuates, and when it is less than 5% by weight, the anti-offset properties become low, making the toner unsuitable for practical use. In the above, the chloroporum insoluble content is a value determined as follows. Therefore, the resin sample was finely pulverized and
The sample powder that passed through the city of Metsuyu (formerly 5) was collected,
1 Superaid Radiolite (= #700) was placed in a container with a capacity of 150 mA along with 1 (Ig), 10 chloroform (IgY) was injected into this container, and the sample was placed on a ball mill stand and rotated for more than 5 hours to thoroughly absorb the sample. Dissolve in I + Roborum.
``Place the i paper (from cup 2) and place 511 (1g
After pre-coating the paper uniformly and adding a small amount of chloroform l- to make the paper a dense layer, ii
Pour the contents of the U container into the T4 container. (Rinse the container thoroughly with 10rne of chloroform and pour it into a 11' filter, and leave a layer of kimono on the wall of the container.)

[I like it. After that, close the lid of the container and add 21+ liJ/I. i+-1 pass is 4 Kp
/ At pressurization beyond crl? After the outflow of chloroform has stopped, 100% of chloroform is newly added to wash the remaining material from the 4th set of E, heated, and then heated.
Perform J-1 pass. After the above two operations have been completed, the 8" paper, the residue on it, and the radio light are all placed on aluminum foil and placed in a vacuum dryer at a temperature of 80 to 100°C and a pressure of 100.
It was dried for 10 hours under the conditions of 1 g of m+xl, and the total amount of dry matter thus obtained was ? (Measure gl, and calculate the chloroform insoluble content X (garage %) by the following formula. The outflow starting point when 12 samples were melted and flowed out using a flow tester (manufactured by Ryotsu Seisakusho) under the conditions of the pore diameter of the die, a pressure of 20 Kq/d, and a temperature increase rate of 6°C/min. When the height of the outflow end point is defined as 36'l<softening point, this softening point is 125 ~ ] 45C car 13
Polyester resins in the range of 130 to 140C are preferred. Furthermore, the glass transition point measured by Differential Scanning Neta 81 (manufactured by Rigaku Denki Co., Ltd.) is 55°C or higher, especially 6
A polyester resin having a temperature of 0° C. or higher is suitable. The toner in the present invention contains a colorant and a property improver added as necessary in the binder resin as described above, and may contain a magnetic material in place of all or part of the colorant. . As a coloring agent, carbon black, nigrosine dye (
C, 1, 5041513), aniline blue ((zu, 1.450405), calco oil blue (
C. 1, Aay. ocr. HIt+c knee 1
) , ') rom( , x a -((, :, 1.
J4f190), ultramarine blue <c.
1. jg 77Jo3>, DuPont Oil Red (C
．． 1. A26H+5), Ginoline Yellow (C.1
．． Bian 47 (1 (15), Mebulen Brutaloride (
C. 1. A 52 (5 months a month, sotalocyanine blue (C-1-A 74] 6+1), malachite green offsalate (C. 14 42 (10 (1)
, lamp black<C. 1. A77266), Rosebenz fl. (C.■.Ban 45435), mixtures thereof, and others. These colorants need to be contained in a sufficient proportion to form a visible image of 70% density, and are usually contained in a proportion of 1 to 20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the binder. It is said that When carbon black is used as a colorant, acidic carbon black is particularly preferable because the toner has good tribostatic charging properties and good dispersibility in the binder. Here, acidic carbon black is carbon black such that the pi-1 value of the upper U liquid is 5.0 or less when the sample is boiled in water and left to stand. The magnetic material may be a metal or alloy that exhibits ferromagnetism such as ferrite, magnetite, iron, cobalt, or nickel, or a compound containing these elements, or a material that does not contain a ferromagnetic element but can be made by subjecting it to appropriate heat treatment. Mention may be made of alloys which become ferromagnetic, for example alloys of the type called Heusler alloys containing manganese and copper, such as manganese-copper-aluminum, manganese-copper-tin, or chromium dioxide, among others. These magnetic substances are uniformly dispersed in the binder in the form of fine powder with an average particle size of 0.1 to 1 micron. The content thereof is 20 to 70 parts by weight, preferably 40 to 70 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of toner.
It has a 70-layer lid. The property improving agents include charge control agents, anti-offset agents, smoothing agents for improving fluidity, etc., but since the toner of the present invention has good properties as a toner in itself, it is possible to improve the properties. Even if an agent is added, it may be used as is.1. Examples of anti-offset agents include polyolefins having a softening point of 80 to 180°C by the ring and ball method, fatty acids and their metal salts, fatty acid amides, and others. However, the amount of this anti-fset agent A is, for example, 1 to 10% by weight, preferably 1 to 10% by weight, relative to the binder resin.
It is added at a rate of 5 Kurumada Chi. The carrier used to compose the developer of the present invention together with the above-mentioned toner may be any carrier composed of polyhedral particles having a predetermined average particle diameter as described above, but the carrier is
Preferably, the material is strongly magnetized in the direction of the magnetic field so that the toner can be transported by 4i&magnetic means. Examples of such substances include alloys or compounds containing ferromagnetic elements such as ferrite, magnetite, iron, cobalt, and nickel, or materials that do not contain ferromagnetic elements but can be made ferromagnetic by appropriate heat treatment. The following alloys are known, for example alloys called Heusler alloys such as manganese-copper-aluminum or manganese-copper-tin, or chromium dioxide. However, in view of the ease of forming polyhedral particles, that is, since it is possible to make raw material particles polyhedral by mechanical processing as described above, the material of the carrier in the present invention is metal or Alloys are preferred;
Further, considering the ease of obtaining raw materials, ease of manufacturing and processing, and low cost, iron is actually the most suitable material. Therefore, it is preferable in the present invention to mechanically treat the raw iron powder so that the C particles are made into polyhedral particles. By mechanically processing each iron powder particle, the shape as a whole becomes uniform, and the surface becomes smooth. Iron powder can be used, resulting in a low cost developer. However, it is not prohibited to use spherical iron powder, which is relatively commercially available, as the raw material iron powder. In addition, if the gas is of high quality, this is not a problem since it will cause leakage when it comes into contact with the electrostatic charge of the pre-electrostatic image to be developed. Therefore, it is preferable to use polyhedral particles made of iron, other metals, or alloys as described above as cores, and to form a resin coating layer on the outer surface thereof. By using such an insulating carrier, it is possible to prevent toner particles from appearing on the surface of the gearia particles and causing lIj staining.
Since the thickness dichrostatic charging property of the carrier to the toner becomes stable and the durability increases, the effects of the present invention described in R1 are reliably or even further enhanced. As the resin for forming the resin coating layer, 1]-
Styrochemicals such as chlorstyrene and mebrustyrene;
Vinyl chloride, vinyl bromide, vinyl fluoride% 0) Vinyl halides; vinyl esters such as acid-resistant vinyl, vinyl propionate, vinyl benzoate, vinyl acetate; methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate , isobutyl acrylate, dodemyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, acrylic acid, 3-chloroethyl, phenyl acrylate, methyl α-chloroacrylate,
Esters of α-methylene aliphatic monocarboxylic acids such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, and butyl methacrylate; vinyl ethers such as acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acrylamide, vinyl methyl ether, vinyl isobutyl ether, and vinyl ether ether ; A homopolymer with a C1t polymer such as vinyl ketones such as vinyl methyl ketone, vinyl hexyl ketone, methyl isopropenyl ketone, etc., or other resins such as epoxy resin, rosin-modified phenol polymeric resin, cellulose resin, Polyether resin, polyvinyl butyral resin, polyester resin, souburene-butadiene resin, polyurethane resin, polyvinyl polymer resin, melamine resin, polycarbonate resin,
Resin such as fluororesin such as Teflon can be used alone or as a resin.
It can be used in combination. Among these, styrene/acrylic thread resin (e.g. styrene-methyl methacrylate, sub-butyl methacrylate blue), epoxy resin, styrene/butadiene, 4. '#I fat, butyral resin, cellulose camellia] fat, etc. are particularly useful. 3. Examples of the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Note that "bu" represents Koharube. Example 1 Prephthalic acid 299y and polyoxybrobylene (2-
2) -2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluor
-1 pan 2117 and Pentaeris! Jl/1z82y
I'm angry with you, and I'm 1
7 cars 11-; Da 2's Polycoast Del 4? iJ fat A was produced. -1 Polynisful resin A 010 parts Carbon black "Seven Gal 1 No" (made on Cabo Sotone) 10 Polypropylene "Hinucol 6 (i (
l) 'J'' (manufactured by San Δ Kasei Ne) 2-part wax ``Hoechst Socks〇'' (manufactured by Hoechst)
According to the conventional toner manufacturing method, which involves the steps of mixing, bath melting, crushing and classification, the average particle size is 9.1 p''s. The particle size of the largest number of particles in the distribution is 7.1 pm, the ratio N1 of the number of particles with a particle size of less than 5 pm to the total number of particles is 4.2 inches,
Toner A was produced in which the ratio N2 of the number of particles with a particle size exceeding l 6/l +IL to the total number of particles was 0.1%. First, iron powder "DSP-135C" (manufactured by Dowa Iron Powder Co., Ltd.), which is made up of polyhedral particles and has an average particle diameter of 9877 mm according to the polyhedral distribution, is made into a carrier powder, and to this is added steel powder and methyl methacrylate. The resulting resin solution was copolymerized at a ratio of 7 (1:30) and was sprayed using a 1bJr conversion bed equipment to a thickness of about 2p.
A resin coating layer of +νl was formed to make a carrier At. 1,1769 to this gear rear and 011 toner A
A developer of the present invention was prepared by mixing 241 of This will be referred to as "Sample 1". With this sample 1, 'yako copying machine 1-(J-13i
x3, (20 using 1004 (manufactured by Konishiroku Photo Company)
．． After conducting a running test 0 times (old),
The sharpness is excellent and a copy of the quotient resolution 11!11 image is obtained.
Copy 1...1 images at the end of the test had the same image quality as those at the beginning of the test. In addition, when we measured the toner band/mountain and amount at the beginning and end of the running test, we found that each was -
A very stable I4 with 26,8+iC/r and -24,8pc/9! −? ri charging is performed and “C
It was recognized that there was. Comparative Example 1 Instead of using the carrier in Example 1, 1 piece of spherical iron powder (manufactured by Tobu J Meter 71) of 0: (p m) was used instead of the carrier in Example 1. A fluorocarbon heavy agent was prepared in the same manner as in Example J, except that Gearia B, which was manufactured by applying a resin coating in the same manner as in Carrier A, was used as the fuel phase. 1'H:
Comparison test Fl 1. J and Zuru 3, this IT comparison trial month 1 Udo use C Example 1, 4.1 this running lath)'+: 11 no 1, at the beginning of the test it was in the city'
The compound of t1('-j11'll 1shi8( was obtained, but
The number of copies is i, +1. +1 fl i'i at 0 times
- By the time the image is finished, the copied image is IJ ((desexualization is low,
j! 4: IL: (/l low and impractical. Also, the charge b1 of the toner was -2 to 9 p C/? at the beginning of the running test, but at the end it was -23, It was 4pC/9, and the amount of variation was large.Furthermore, the image density decreased significantly as the number of copies increased in the running test, and this is thought to be due to the change in toner density in the developer directly affecting the image density. Furthermore, these results indicate that even though the particle size of the toner is reduced, it is disadvantageous if the carrier is spherical when using Key V9A with approximately the same particle size. Understood. Example 2 Terephthalic acid 1507 and 1,4-butanediol 27
(l f and benzene-1,,2,4-)licarponic acid 231y are reacted to reduce the chloroborum insoluble content to 12
Polyester resin 13 for convoys was manufactured. Polynisder resin B above
100 parts carbon black R+52J (manufactured by Mitsubishi Kasei Corporation) 13 parts polypropylene Viscoel 660PJ A toner powder was produced according to the same toner manufacturing method as in Example 1 using 4 parts or more, and the toner particles of the present invention were obtained by a classification operation. Toner that satisfies the conditions regarding the diameter (“Toner 13
”. ) and the condition '<'h:I addition 1. c.
Two different toners (referred to as "Comparison Dob°-he" and "Kawaba Toner B") were manufactured. The particle size distribution of these toners is shown in Table 1. i'is1
．． Sprinkle all the toner particles of fine particles of i into r; 1, 1 go,
``N2'' is the particle size of 15 tr 7ny, -+lt.
The diameter range is shown. Each of these three divine toners and GiV! in Example 1! J-/' Mix A and the equivalent gear rear to make toner concentration 1 and 2 i4! , , ljt% of three types of developers were prepared, and each of them was used to develop an electronic 'Ij shell compound machine rtJ-)3
A copy test was conducted using IJ and the resulting copied images were evaluated, and the toner band weight and fluidity of each developer were also examined. The results are shown in Table 2. Table 2 The overlapping of the toner bands was determined by the brush I-off method, and the fluidity was determined by visually observing the conveyance state when the toner was conveyed by a screw feeder with a radius of 10 mm. .l' DMAX J is the layer weight due to reflection density reduction, and the image texture is the white area ratio in the black solid image area. (27) Furthermore, with each of the three developers mentioned above, A running test of 200+l o reviews was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1, and the d·1' values of the developer toner and copied images at the end of the test were determined.The results are shown in Table 3. ``The lead conversion rate'' refers to the initial band 'lf shown in Table 2.
3. 200 (1
It represents the rate of change in the amount of charge after 0 times of cohesion. As is clear from the results below, according to the developer according to the present invention, lj% image trade II! A II image is formed, and the toner banding state can be stably obtained under the force Z over many times, and great durability can be obtained. JP-A-59-45452 (8) Example 3 Iron powder for carrier A in Example 1 [DSP-1
A developer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 35CJ was used as a gear without being coated with resin. This will be referred to as "Sample 3." Using this sample 3, a running test was carried out 10 times in the same manner as in Example 1, and the charging rate at the final stage compared to the initial stage was determined, and the copied image at the final stage was evaluated. The same procedure was also carried out for Sample 1 (two samples) in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 4.1-6 Table 4 (29) From the results in Table 4, it is clear that the carrier It is understood that the layer formed exhibits good properties.Example 4 In the production of polyester resin in Example 1,
Two polynisder resins [and CY] were prepared by varying the reaction times. These properties are shown in Table 5 together with Polynisder resin A. The softening points in Table 5 are the values determined by Commercial Niso L1-Destar. In the same manner as in the production of toner A in Example 1, except that each of polishing sprue 41'41 fat 13 and C was used.
Two types of toners were manufactured, sample 1 and
(2) Two types of developers were prepared in the same manner as in the preparation of ``Sample 4'' and ``Sample 5''.
, city, child photocopier ['U-B i x 3000
Create an unfixed image using J'l, then change the fixing temperature in the range of 140 to 230℃ using a heat roller plater.
and the lowest temperature at which the off-cent phenomenon occurs.
I asked for it. The results are shown in Figure 6. In Table 6, the mark * indicates that no offset phenomenon occurs at that temperature. From the results shown above, the minimum temperature at which fixing is possible is low due to the toner containing an appropriate amount of chloroform-insoluble 17-I. (It should be understood that the minimum temperature at which offset occurs is high (therefore, a wide fixing temperature range can be obtained).

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing the form of the carrier in the image agent according to the present invention.

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) The average particle size is 6 to 10 cm by car'n 1 minute 4J.
) is within the range of p tn and the particle size of the general majority particles in the number distribution is 5 to 8 pη! within the range of and 5
I・II・Mi11: l'j, right?・The number of hill particles is less than 15% of the total A and -ro, and IGpTIIy
Xj1+ EZ> Fi, 4'k O) SaiO,'f
OJ table Q ka all l11rj-number (',) 2 % season, to C a) ne stand: J-1! +i''i is formed by the toner consisting of 1- and polyhedral particles, and the toner consisting of particles with an average particle size within the range of 50 to 120 μl. !I: 1. Characteristics and -4- Electrostatic A; Technical image developer. (2) The binder of the toner is poly J-Sdeley Todoroki 1
Fat is used as a 1-component and 5-20% of seaweed [. ■-l Including form failure, 114 f:f,'l
The electrostatic retaining developer described in the first injection range for Al'l. (3) The key v rear is formed of an outer surface 11 and two resin covering layers of a polyhedral core. developer.