JPS5943639B2 - Pit drilling machine - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a vertical hole excavator whose purpose is to efficiently and easily excavate foundations when constructing steel towers and the like in mountainous areas.

Conventional construction methods involve a large proportion of manual labor, and mechanization in this field has lagged behind.

The reason for this is: ■ Because it is located in a mountainous area, mechanical scaffolding is poor, and in order to use heavy machinery suitable for excavation work, it is necessary to downsize and use heavy machinery suitable for excavation work.
There are some difficult aspects such as the need to reduce weight and make assembly and disassembly easy.

■ There are cases where it is impossible to transport these machines by land, so they are often transported by air.

■ The number of work days is limited.

■It is necessary to develop inexpensive mechanical devices that are commensurate with machine losses.

There are many problems.

Therefore, conventionally, topsoil excavation (clay, silt) was carried out using a small shovel, and if the shovel arm could no longer reach, a person would enter the hole and excavate manually, and if bedrock came out, a small concrete excavator would be used. At present, manual excavation is carried out using breakers.

In recent years, ultra-high-voltage power transmission for hydroelectric power generation has been considered for the purpose of reducing power transmission costs and saving energy, and there has been an increasing need to construct foundations for numerous steel towers in mountains. The purpose is to provide an excavator that can excavate.

The present invention will be described below based on drawings showing embodiments.

First, the construction order will be explained based on FIGS. 1 to 20.

First, as shown in Figure 1, the slope 1 is cleared by cutting down vegetation, etc.
level the ground.

Next, as shown in Figure 2, the area required for foundation excavation is cut out from the slope by hand or with a small power shovel.

The remaining soil is stopped at shelf 2 to effectively create level ground 3.

A foundation 4 for the stage is constructed on this level ground 3 as shown in FIG.

Next, a stage 6 equipped with a boom crane 5 is installed on this foundation 4 as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.

The boom crane 5 is small and has a structure that can be easily disassembled and assembled, and is capable of carrying out soil removal work, machine assembly, and material transportation.

The boom crane 5 is installed using a power shovel or with the help of another crane.

Next, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, an excavator 7 is assembled at the center of the stage 6 using the boom crane 5.

Thereafter, the excavator 7 starts excavating as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9.

Since the topsoil has a lot of clay and silt, the topsoil is excavated by operating the excavation and raking packet 8.

Since the excavation scraping packet 8 is attached to a swivel table 9 driven by a hydraulic motor (described later), the inside of the skin plate 10 of the excavator 7 can be excavated.

Excavated soil is discharged out of the excavator 7 by an electric or hydraulic grab bucket 11 removably suspended from the boom crane 5.

Excavate until it becomes possible to install a guide pipe vertical positioning device on the stage 6, and when the excavation is lowered, use the boom crane 5 to easily align the center of the excavator with respect to the position of the planned hole. For this purpose, a guide pipe positioning device 12 is fixed on the stage 6 as shown in FIG.

As the excavation progresses, the excavator 7 descends into the ground as shown in FIG. A guide pipe positioning device 12 equipped with a guide pipe fixing device and a guide pipe vertical movement device, which will be described later, is installed on the stage 6 in order to prevent the excavator from falling due to insufficient descending force in the excavation hole and from free falling of the excavator. put.

In order to prevent the wall of the excavation hole from collapsing, the liner plate 14 is assembled inside the excavation hole, and the gap between the liner plate 14 and the excavation hole is filled with grout 17 using excavated earth and sand. .

In this case, the earth and sand may be mixed with water and pumped using a mono-pump or the like, or cement mortar may be injected.

As shown in FIG. 12, during excavation, a gray force 15 is used to strike the inner surface of the excavated hole as necessary.

At this time, the excavation scraping packet 8 is folded back as shown in FIG.

As the excavation progresses and the hole becomes deeper, the rock for supporting the foundation comes out.

In this case, the excavation and scraping packet 8 cannot perform the work, and the rock crushing work is performed by using the breaker 15 and a drifter 16 (see FIG. 13) which is detachably provided on the excavation and scraping packet 8 part.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 13, first, a large number of holes 17 are bored in the hole bottom, side wall, etc. using a drifter 16.

If the breaker 15 is used to strike the inside and between the holes 17, the rock will be in the same state as if many cracks were made in the rock, and the rock would be easily crushed.

If the efficiency cannot be improved by drilling with the drifter 16 and crushing with the breaker 15 as described above, the hole 17 made by the drifter 16 is filled with blasting material 18 such as dynamite as shown in FIG. Cracks are created or the rock is blown away by blasting.

At this time, the guide pipe fixing device and the guide pipe vertical movement device of the guide pipe positioning device 12 cause the excavator 7 to
is pulled up separately from the skin plate 10 to prevent damage to the excavator 7 during blasting.

When the target excavation diameter reaches the excavation depth, the excavator 7 is lowered again to widen the bottom of the excavation hole 19, as shown in FIG.

The excavation work of the vertical excavation hole 19 is now completed, and after the excavator 7 is raised to the upper limit by the guide pipe vertical movement device, the excavator 7 is moved to the boom crane 5 as shown in FIG.
The guide pipe 13 and guide pipe positioning device 12 are disassembled in the suspended state.

Thereafter, the excavator 7 is lifted by the boom crane 5 so that the skin plate 10 remains in the excavation hole 19, and then the excavator 7 is placed on a wooden stand on the ground.

Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 17, the skin plate 10 is disassembled and lifted onto the ground by the boom crane 5.

In this case, since there is rock at the bottom of the drill hole 19, the hole wall will not collapse even if the skin plate 10 is disassembled.

However, if collapse inevitably occurs, skin plate 1
0 is sometimes used as part of the shoring material and embedded.

Next, as shown in FIG.
Assemble.

After that, as shown in FIG. 19, the reinforcing bars 20 are fixed, and the reinforcing bars 2
When the fixing of the steel tower member 21 to 0 is completed, the excavation hole 19
Mortar 22 is injected and placed inside.

As the amount of mortar 22 increases, liner plate 1
4 will be disassembled and recovered on the ground.

Finally, as shown in Fig. 20, mortar 22 is sufficiently placed to restore the topsoil to its original state and the tower foundation is completed.

Next, details of the main parts will be explained based on FIGS. 21 to 24.

First, referring to FIGS. 21 to 23 showing the overall configuration, 23 is a hydraulic motor that drives the swivel base 9 so as to be able to rotate around the vertical axis, 24 is a bearing that rotatably receives the swivel base 9, and 25 Reference numeral 26 indicates a year housing containing the excavation scraping packet 8 and the breaker 15, and 26 an operation control room attached to the excavator 7 for operating these.

This operation room 26 is a soundproof room, and has a structure in which ventilation air enters from the ground and dust does not enter the room.

By the way, the skin plate 10 which is used for excavation has a flange on the end face so that it can be easily disassembled and reassembled, and the cylindrical skin plate can be lengthened or shortened as necessary. It is something.

During excavation, the main body side of the excavator 7 and the skin plate 1
0, the vertical positioning pin 27 is inserted into the upper hole 28a of the upper and lower two holes 28a and 28b of the skin plate 10 by a cylinder device (not shown) provided in the excavator 7, and is integrated.

The casing 25 is mounted on the swivel base 9 with a hydraulic cylinder device 29.
A bracket 30 is provided so as to be movable in the horizontal direction.
It is pivoted around a horizontal shaft 31, and is swung around the horizontal shaft 31 by a swinging hydraulic cylinder device 32.

33 is a hydraulic cylinder device for ejecting provided in the casing 25 in order to eject the excavation and scraping packet 8.

By driving these hydraulic cylinder devices 29, 32, and 33, the excavation and raking packet 8 can perform operations as shown in FIGS.

This excavation and scraping operation can be performed around the entire circumference of the tuyere of the skin plate 10 by rotating the swivel table 9 around the vertical axis by the hydraulic motor 23 on the previous day.

The earth and sand thus excavated and collected is discharged by the grab bucket 11 that has descended within the guide pipe 13.

As the excavation progresses, the guide pipe 13 is pushed down by the guide pipe vertical movement device of the guide pipe positioning device 12, and all the excavating equipment descends.

This operation is repeated several times, and the guide pipe 13 is added until the target excavation depth is reached.

However, at the bottom, the rock is exposed, so the excavation scraping packet 8 is turned inward by 90 degrees by the hydraulic rotor 34, and the shaking force 15 attached to the casing 25 with a preca support is applied. It is caused to protrude downward from the casing 25 by a hydraulic cylinder device (not shown).

At this time, the excavation scraping packet 8 is moved to 9 as described above.
By turning 0 degrees, the breaker 15 can protrude downward without being interfered with by the excavation scraping packet 8.

This also prevents the driver from making operational mistakes.

In this way, the breaker 15 protrudes and crushes the rock, and when the excavation progresses and the target excavation depth is reached, the bottom expansion work begins.

At this time, even if the skin plate 10 is disassembled, it is considered that the ground will not collapse due to the bedrock, so for workability, the skin plate 10 is appropriately disassembled by the flange part and lifted to the ground, and the bottom expansion work is carried out. Make it easier to do.

This bottom widening work is carried out over the entire circumference with the excavation scraping packet 8 or the breaker 15 diagonally directed.
At the same time, the excavator 7 is lowered slightly by the guide pipe vertical movement device, and the vertical positioning pin 2 is removed from the upper hole 28a.
7 is inserted into the hole 28b on the lower side of the skin plate 10 t7.

By the way, when the vertical positioning pin 27 is pulled out from the hole 28a of the skin plate 10 during the blasting described in FIG. This can prevent damage to the excavation mechanism during blasting.

Also, in FIGS. 21 and 22, 35 is a hydraulic unit;
6 is a swivel base of the boom crane 5, and this swivel base 36
can rotate around a vertical axis 370, and a winch 38 and a cable reel 39 are attached to this swivel base 36, and a boom 40 is provided so as to be tiltable.

Further, 41 is a leg of the stage 6 installed on the foundation 4, and is provided with a jack 42 for adjusting the height of the stage 6.
The stage 6 whose height has been adjusted by the jacks 42 is fixed in position by screwing nuts 44 and 44 onto bolts 43 provided on the legs 41 from both upper and lower surfaces of the stage 6.

45 is a handrail on stage 6. If the foundation 4 is not at the same height and has steps above and below, as shown by the two-dot chain line in Fig. 21, the legs 41 supported on the lower foundation 4 should be
Just make it longer as shown by the dotted chain line.

Furthermore, 46 and 47 are a hopper and a conveyor for discharging the earth and sand lifted up by the grab bucket 11.

Next, the guide pipe positioning device 12 will be described in detail based on FIG. 24.

The guide pipe positioning device 12 includes a positioning fixture 48 mounted on the stage 6, a guide pipe fixing device 49, and a guide pipe vertical movement device 50.

The guide pipe fixing device 49 and the guide pipe vertical movement device 50 are used not only to add the guide pipe 13 but also to pull up the excavation mechanism during the blasting process, and the guide pipe fixing device 49 is shown in the drawing. As shown in FIG.
A plurality of clamp fittings 52 and 53 are provided in upper and lower stages, respectively, and hydraulic cylinder devices 54 and 55 are provided in each clamp fitting 52 and 53 to correspond to the above.

When pulling up the excavation mechanism, first the upper hydraulic cylinder device 54 clamps the guide pipe 13 with the clamp fitting 52.

Next, the hydraulic cylinder device 5 of the guide pipe vertical movement device 50
6, the lifting table 57 to which the lower clamp fitting 53 and hydraulic cylinder device 55 are attached is lowered to its lower limit, and then the guide pipe 13 is clamped by the clamp fitting 53 by the lower hydraulic cylinder device 55.

Thereafter, the upper hydraulic cylinder device 54 is returned and the clamp fitting 52 is removed from the guide pipe 13.

In this state, the hydraulic cylinder device 56 of the guide pipe vertical movement device 50 is raised and stopped at the upper limit, and then the guide pipe 13 is clamped by the clamp fitting 52 by the upper hydraulic cylinder device 54, and then the lower hydraulic pressure is Return the cylinder device 55 and remove the clamp fitting 53 from the guide pipe 13.

By sequentially repeating this operation, the guide pipe 13 is reliably raised.

The above description is an explanation of the operation when pulling up the excavation mechanism during blasting, but when adding guide pipes 13 one after another as excavation progresses, it is sufficient to perform the operation opposite to the operation when lifting the excavation mechanism.

At this time, the entire excavator 7 is pushed down.

Also, when the excavator 7 cannot be lowered by its own weight, or when earthworks or frictional forces act on the outer surface of the skin plate 10, it becomes possible to overcome these forces and push it down using hydraulic pressure.

Considering the downward reaction force at this time, the boom crane 5
Since the stage 6's own weight and the fixing force of the stage 6 to the foundation 4 are set, the stage 6 will not be lifted up by the downward reaction force.

By the way, the direction in which the stage 6 is installed is the 25th direction.
As shown in FIG. 26 and FIG. 26, it is also possible to install the device in a state where the direction is changed by 90 degrees with respect to the installation direction of the embodiment described above.

The pit excavator of the present invention can be implemented as described above, and has a structure in which a device including a digging scraping packet and a striking breaker can be rotated around a vertical axis within a surrounding skin plate. A cylinder device is provided on the lower side of the table so as to be swingable around a horizontal axis using a cylinder device, and a cylinder device is provided for protruding the packet and the breaker, and the excavation mechanism side and the skin plate side are provided with the swivel table rotatably provided. are configured to be connectable and detachable, and a guide pipe extending upward is provided in the excavation mechanism so as to be connectable, and a stage is installed at the shaft excavation position, and this stage has upper and lower guide pipes for vertically moving and positioning the guide pipe. A dynamic positioning device is provided, and the stage is provided with a boom crane, and the boom crane is provided with a removable grab bucket for earth and sand discharge, so that earth and sand can be excavated using the packet. At the same time, rock crushing can be performed by the breaker.

In addition, these packets and breakers can be rotated around the vertical axis and each can be swung, so it is possible to excavate over a wide area efficiently and easily.

Further, according to the present invention, as described above, the excavation mechanism side and the skin plate side are configured to be separable, and the upwardly extending guide pipe provided on the excavation mechanism and the guide pipe provided on the stage can be used for vertical movement positioning. With the equipment, the excavation mechanism can be easily raised during blasting, and the excavation mechanism can be easily removed from the borehole upon completion of the excavation work.

Furthermore, it is difficult for a worker to stand and work on a steep slope of 30° to 400° above the hole preparation drilling position, but in the present invention, a stage is provided so that a worker can work with peace of mind. It also improves work efficiency, such as being able to temporarily store materials.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show an embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 1 to 20 are explanatory diagrams showing the construction order of foundation excavation, FIG. 21 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional front view of the whole, and FIG. Fig. 23 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional front view of the main parts of the excavation mechanism, Fig. 24 is a partially cutaway front view of the guide pipe positioning device, Fig. 25 is a longitudinal sectional front view showing a modified example of how the stage is installed, and Fig. 26. is the same plan view. 5...Boom crane, 6...Stage, 7...
Excavator, 8... Excavation scraping packet, 9... Swivel base, 10... Skin plate, 1100. Grab bucket, 12... Guide pipe positioning device, 13...
・Guide pipe, 14...liner plate, 15・
... Breaker, 16... Drifter, 17... Hole, 1
9... Excavation hole, 23... Hydraulic motor, 25... Casing, 27... Vertical positioning pin, 281, 28
b...hole, 29...hydraulic cylinder device, 30...
Bracket, 31...Horizontal shaft, 32, 33...Hydraulic cylinder device, 34...Hydraulic pressure...Irota, 36...
... Swivel base, 40... Boom, 48... Positioning fixture, 49... Guide pipe fixing device, 50...
Guide pipe vertical movement device, 51... cut portion, 52.
53... Clamp fittings, 54-56... Hydraulic cylinder device, 57... Lifting platform.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 Inside the surrounding skin plate, the casing containing the excavation scraping packet and impact breaker can be swung around the horizontal axis by a cylinder device on the underside of the swivel table which can rotate around the vertical axis. a cylinder device for protruding the packet and the breaker, the excavation mechanism side and the skin plate side, on which the swivel table is rotatably provided, are configured to be connectable and disconnectable, and a guide extending upward to the excavation mechanism is provided. A vibrator is provided so that the vibrator can be added, and a stage is installed at the shaft excavation position, and a guide pipe vertical movement positioning device for vertically moving and positioning the guide pipe is provided on this stage, and a boom crane is provided on the stage, A vertical hole excavator characterized in that the boom crane is provided with a removable grab bucket for discharging earth and sand.