JPS5939931A - Operation control apparatus of exhaust gas turbine type over-feeder - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a control device for starting and stopping operation of an exhaust gas turbine supercharger. The invention relates to an internal combustion engine in which the supercharging air 1-L is supplied via a control conduit.

To stop or switch the operation of the exhaust gas turbine turbocharger,
In the case of a piston internal combustion engine, when a reduced exhaust gas energy ht is produced by 1M compared to full load operation, σC is within the partial load range and partial rotational speed range of the piston/internal combustion engine. At the same time, it is carried out to add charge air pressure and charge air pressure. In that case, when only a small amount of exhaust gas energy is generated, only the seven exhaust gas turbines are activated and the piston internal combustion engine outputs J 0).
Increasing (/J Ft,'s) seven or more exhaust gas turbine superchargers are operated in parallel to this turbine in sequence, until finally, in case of full load operation, G, ↓, all existing exhaust gas turbines The achievable charge air pressure is then reduced by the power output or rotational failure for each combination with the exhaust gas turbine supercharger switched to start operation. When switching to the start of operation of an additional exhaust gas turbine supercharger, first the supercharger to be switched to start of operation is Caused by the drop in exhaust gas pressure due to the opening of the exhaust gas cut-off device, a drop in the charge air pressure occurs.The charge air pressure then increases, with an increase in cutting edge, for the switchover to the start of operation of the next turbocharger. In some cases, it increases until a new decrease occurs.

In order to avoid, after a changeover, an immediate changeover to the nIJ state of this changeover, which is forced due to the above-mentioned course of the charge air pressure, a control device is known (Germany). Patent No. 12/, 2 1791), in this device, one control pressure is set on one control table rIIJ of the slider of the control changeover, and the slider is set to the exhaust gas turbine at a certain high charging air pressure. It is pushed into the position for switching to the start of operation of the turbocharger and, at certain low charge air pressures, to the position for switching to the deactivation of the exhaust gas turbine turbocharger. It is designed to work like this.

In this case, a disadvantage is that, following the changeover, significant fluctuations in the charge air pressure appear, which fluctuations can also be avoided in order to avoid a changeover (returning to the situation before the changeover). , requiring an arrangement with very large switching hysteresis. This large switching hysteresis increases the risk of overheating of this turbocharger during longer operation with only a few turbochargers near the switching point, and also during operation with a large number of turbochargers (this In this case, the appearance of a lack of charging air and a poor combustion process inevitably necessitates the avoidance of operational hiatus in the 5-5 aircraft group6.

The object of the invention is to avoid the above-mentioned consequences of this fluctuation in the air charge pressure at the end of the switching process.

This object is solved according to the invention by providing that the control line is temporarily cut off whenever a sharper increase or decrease in the charge air pressure occurs.

During each switching process, a sharper rise in the charge air pressure (when switching to the turbocharger's active state) or a steeper drop in the charge air pressure (when switching to the start of the turbocharger's operation) occurs. The control power is cut off each time a pressure fluctuation appears at the end of the switching, so that this fluctuation cannot take any action during the switching state of the control. Do it like this. The magnitude of the hysteresis can therefore be limited to the amount necessary to avoid oscillations during switching.

A simple and functionally reliable form for the control conduit is a piston arranged in the housing, which, in the rest position 1a determined by its spring force, connects the control conduit with a charge of air. It remains open for passage, but in both its end positions, the control conduit is cut off, its first front side directly connected by the charge air pressure, and its second front side The side is pressurized via the throttle by the charge air pressure, the second stop side of the piston having a balancing chamber attached thereto.

By changing the diameter of the aperture and the volume of the balancing chamber, the control layer,
The duration of 1 hour is adjusted, and by changing the stiffness of the spring and the diameter σ of the control piston, the gradient of the response of the pressure fluctuation is adjusted within wide limits,
Your requirements can be met.

A piston internal combustion engine can be operated with different acceleration profiles.

In normal operation, the acceleration is reduced by a small fuel consumption and by the greater time consumption required for this; (J
I, must, have passed.

However, in Naka 6, the piston internal combustion false H has a larger fuel consumption.
Higher accelerations than are possible with f.5 should also be possible within the shortest possible time with tv.

Due to the amount of charge air required for this purpose, the exhaust gas turbine supercharger, which is switched to the start of operation, is driven to a higher charge air pressure and then starting from Start the next exhaust gas turbine supercharging operation'\ switch! That is advantageous. The exhaust gas turbine supercharger, which has been switched to start operation,
These 5 driving styles are driven up to the valley rotational speed limit.
Therefore, it can be forgiven. This is because, during continuous operation, an unacceptable overheating of the JIP gas turbine supercharger set to this limit does not appear due to the short time period of the process.

The pushing out of the switching point in the event of large accelerations can be achieved by the control device according to the invention, without large additional control and adjustment outlays, in that the control line can already be adjusted in the event of significant accelerations or decelerations of the piston internal combustion engine. A corresponding rise or fall in charge air pressure is cut off by a cutoff valve, however, when the maximum rotational speed of the exhaust gas turbine supercharger switched to the start of operation is reached or when the cutoff charge air pressure is lowered. This is accomplished by opening it up again.

This is advantageously achieved by a bypass valve surrounding the shutoff valve, which is arranged in the control conduit.

In the following, the present invention will be described as an embodiment of the present invention, which has a total of three exhaust gas turbine superchargers. In FIG. 1, which is explained in more detail for a piston internal combustion engine that is switched from start to end of operation, the curve /l shows the course of the charge air pressure in the low power range (in the first continuous manner). Exhaust gas turbine supercharging in operation is only indicated when it is being operated with the entire exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine.

In the intermediate output range, the No. 1 exhaust gas turbine supercharger operates in parallel with the activated second exhaust gas turbine supercharger, so that the charging air pressure is
This is achieved corresponding to the curve/C.

In the upper power range, with the operation of all three exhaust gas turbine superchargers, a curve of the charge air pressure occurs corresponding to curve /3.

If the number of piston internal combustion engines increases, the charge air ratio increases in accordance with the curve /l when operating with the first exhaust gas turbine supercharger.

Upon achieving the charge air pressure /A occurring at the power /9,
The second exhaust gas turbine supercharger is put into operation by opening its exhaust gas and charge air shut-off device. The charge air pressure therefore falls to curve 7.2. This operating process causes the charge air pressure to oscillate λ
a occurs.

As the power increases, the air charge increases in accordance with the curve /U. The charge air pressure produced at the output, 2/
7, the third exhaust gas turbine supercharger is switched into operation by opening its exhaust gas and charge air shut-off device. Therefore, the charge air pressure is
Descends to 3. This switching process to the start of operation results in an oscillation of the charge air pressure.

As the power increases further, the charge air pressure increases correspondingly to curve 13.

Starting from the maximum power, the charge air pressure drops correspondingly to curve 13 as the power decreases.

Upon reaching the charge air pressure /S, which occurs when the output is zero, the third exhaust gas turbine supercharger is switched to rest by blocking its exhaust gas and charge air cutoff device1.
Therefore, the charge air pressure rises to fm/-1. This switching-over process results in an oscillation of the charge air pressure.

As the power decreases further, the charge air pressure drops in accordance with curve 7.2. Charge air pressure resulting from j6 in output/g/
When + is reached, the second exhaust gas turbine supercharger or its exhaust gas and charge air shut-off device is blocked, resulting in a switch to shutdown. Therefore, the charge air pressure is the curve/l
rise to This process of switching to suspension of operation causes
Oscillations J3 of charging air pressure occur. As the power decreases further, the charge air pressure decreases in accordance with the curve /l.

In order to avoid vibrations in the switching, the output 1 for switching to the start of operation of the second exhaust gas turbine supercharger
9 and the power output for switching to rest of operation, a hysteresis is present - and also the output for switching to the start of operation of the third exhaust gas turbine supercharger; A hysteresis occurs between the outputs 20 and 20, respectively, for switching to deactivation.

However, these hysteresis values are not sufficient to avoid vibrations during switching (based on oscillations). Vibrations during switching to deactivation of the exhaust gas turbine turbocharger, the charge air pressure reaching an amplitude of 2 da exceeds the charge air pressure introduced when the power is increasing 17 In order to avoid being switched to the start of operation again, the hysteresis core is
The maximum positive amplitude of vibration 2 is expanded to lie below the charging air pressure 17, and the maximum negative amplitude of vibration 3 is expanded to lie above the charging air pressure /S. There must be. However, such an expansion of bisprisis is not permissible for the reasons stated at the beginning.

In order to avoid that the control device is switched back to the state before it was switched to the start of operation due to vibrations, 2.2 to -5, the proposed measures of the invention prevent the switching In the meantime, the control conduit leading to the control variable ire &: is closed with the help of [, and Arai], so that vibrations cannot influence the control device.

This results in a deviation in the course of the control pressure relative to the charge air pressure, indicated by the dashed line, of 30 to 3, ? occurs.

No. 2 (¥1 includes a control slider for switching the second exhaust gas turbine supercharger: 15, a control piston 3)
6 and spring J7 is shown in the switched state to start operation. Control valve 3g for the third exhaust turbine supercharger is control slider 3
q, a control piston yo and a spring l. This control valve, 3g, is shown switched to deactivation at 16. Control valves JQ and 3g control the working medium to a switching cylinder (not shown) for actuating the exhaust gas and charge air shut-off device of the associated exhaust gas turbine supercharger. In this embodiment, a higher pressure than the charge air pressure is used as the working medium.
Pressurized air is used. Therefore, the diameter of the switching cylinder can be kept small. However, it is also possible to use the charge air of the internal combustion engine as the working medium.

Compressed air is passed through conduit II to the control valve, ? ri and 3g
and is further led to the switching cylinder via line q3 or <<<z.

A control conduit lIS connects each control valve, ? /I and 3g are supplied with the charge air pressure of the internal combustion engine as a first control variable acting on the control piston 3A and on the control piston 3A.

In addition, the charging air pressure is supplied to each control valve 3 via a conduit 6.
1I and 3g. From this charging air pressure,
A second control pressure is created which, after switching to the start of operation, acts on the front surface area q7 or lIg of the control slide 3s or 39, and therefore acts on the relevant exhaust gas. The turbine supercharger is prevented from switching back into inactive mode immediately after switching into active mode due to a drop in the charge air pressure.

A valve II9 is arranged in the control conduit 1ISO, and this valve II9 temporarily shuts off in the event of a sudden rise or fall of the charge air. This σ) shaft Arai tlq has a piston s'o which, in its illustrated rest position, is forced into the control conduit pS by the force of the springs 3/ and 52. Passage is reserved for the charge air inside. The first control surface 3J is directly controlled by charging air pressure and also by the second control surface S.
μ is in each case pressurized by the air charge ratio via the throttle SS. The second control surface 5da is associated with a balance chamber 56.

In addition, a bypass valve S7 for the second exhaust gas turbine supercharger and a bypass valve sg for the third exhaust gas turbine supercharger are included in the control conduit. , is located.

Those bypass valves! ;7. ! ;g surrounds Sharaida 9, and each piston S? These pistons 39. Aθ is
It is pressurized against the force of spring 6/6.2.

Conduits pressurized by charge air pressure, e.g. conduits lI
6 and the pressure air conduit t1.2 is a check valve 44.
A connecting conduit 63 is arranged having a
A check valve 6S is arranged in the pressure air conduit 'i<,2. Therefore, in the case of a failure-induced drop in the output air, the exhaust gas and charge air shut-off device that has just been opened is then left open and therefore the continuously operated exhaust gas turbine Sudden deactivation of the exhaust gas turbine supercharger, which could result in complete deactivation resulting in damage due to overspeeding of the charger, is avoided.

The operation of this control device is as follows.

After the piston internal combustion engine is started, only the first exhaust gas turbine supercharger is in operation in the low power range. With the increase in power, the charge air) -E c-s 1st
The song i//gin corresponds to the song in the figure. At output 19, the force of spring 37 of control valve 3D is overcome by the charge air IL/A, and control piston 36 and control slide J! 6i, moved to the end position shown.

The output air rising in the conduit gou can therefore flow into the conduit q3 and open the exhaust gas and charge air shut-off device via a switching cylinder, not shown. Therefore, the second one-gas turbine supercharger Gj is switched to start operation.

This switch to the start of operation causes a sudden drop in the charge air pressure, to which the Arai q9 reacts. Valve II
Gj on the piston S0σ] of q, the charge air H-force (acts, however, on the control surface File/) and J, in the equilibrium chamber S6 before switching The still high charging air pressure that prevailed acted,
Via the aperture j3, starting after a certain defined time,
can be balanced. Piston SO is therefore momentarily moved to the left, cutting off control conduit VS. Therefore, first of all, the control piston 3A of the control valve 3T should be protected from the effects of pressure fluctuations that occur at the end of switching to the start of operation. . is prevented from moving back to its left-hand position for switching off operation of the exhaust gas turbine supercharger.

After the high charge air pressure has been transferred into the equilibrium chamber S4 via the throttle SS, the same pressure prevails on both sides of the piston 50, whereby the piston SO is again forced to release its spring S.
/ and be able to assume the rest position determined by 3.2. Therefore, the 1b13 controller is turned on again.

1bm at the time of shutoff is the selection of the volume of the equilibrium chamber S6 and the throttle S
By selecting the diameter of S, it is determined that after the cut-off time, .

Due to the reduction in the charge air ratio, the control slider 35 is moved back and the second exhaust gas turbine supercharger is therefore switched off again, such that the charge air pressure is now This is prevented by building on the large front area 7 of the control slider 3S.

The charging pneumatic type now runs in the middle power range with l- corresponding to the tune +1 dl-. At the power output 2/, either the charge air pressure 17 causes the third exhaust gas turbine supercharger to be switched into operation, or via the control valve 3g, ]2 for the second exhaust gas turbine supercharger. It is carried out in the same manner as described above. The spring q/ of the control valve 3g is designed in such a way that at a charge air pressure of /7, a switch to the start of operation is introduced.

After the end of the switch to the start of operation of the third exhaust gas turbine supercharger, the charge air pressure builds up to full power in accordance with curve 1iD/3.

When the power is reduced, the exhaust gas turbine supercharger is switched off as follows.

The charge air pressure drops, corresponding to curve /3, until the charge air pressure /S decreases at the output O. Upon a reduction of the charge air pressure to this value, the spring 4/ of the control valve 3g overcomes the charge air pressure acting on the control piston go and the control slide, 39, and causes both of these members 110. ．． 3
9 to their left end positions.

As a result, the charge air conduit qλ is cut off and the pressure air conduit 11 is cleared of air, so that the exhaust gas and charge air cutoff device of the third exhaust gas turbine supercharger is blocked. do. At the same time, a conduit 'It is formed and a control slider J? A second control pressure acting on &J is released. The switching to deactivation is therefore completed.

The changeover from operation to deactivation causes a sudden increase in the charge air pressure, to which the Arai 119 reacts. The piston 50 is acted upon by the charging air pressure which rises via the control surface 3J, but because
On the control surface s4I, the lower charge air pressure prevailing in the equilibrium chamber SA before the switching still acts, which charge air pressure, via the throttle 35, has a certain defined value. Equilibrium can only occur after a certain period of time. So,
Therefore, the piston S0 is temporarily moved to the right, cutting off the control conduit S. Therefore, first of all, the control piston 9θ of the control valve 3g is relieved from the effects of the force fluctuations, 21I, at 1 at the end of the switch to rest of operation. In addition, 4
A closed space is created, but its output &J, recitation J
Correspondingly, the charge air pressure is different, and this low pressure level prevents the control slide 39 from moving back to the switching position for the start of operation.

As the power decreases further, the charge air pressure decreases, corresponding to the curve /C, until the charge air pressure /4I is achieved at the power /cycle, thus stopping the operation of the second exhaust turbine supercharger. The switch-over to takes place in the same manner as described above for the switch-over to deactivation of the third exhaust gas turbine supercharger.

By virtue of the stiffness of the springs S/ and 3.2 and the corresponding selection of the diameter of the piston SO, the hydraulic pressure control line 9 can already The switching point is therefore designed to be implemented at power 19 with the charge air pressure l for switching to the start of operation of the second exhaust gas turbine supercharger; Switching to the start of operation is
Bypass valve 3? It is carried out only at a higher charge air pressure determined by the opening of . A better transition to operation with - exhaust gas turbine superchargers can therefore be achieved. A thermal overload is hardly allowed in the first exhaust gas turbine supercharger. This is because the duration of the effect is very short.

In the same way, switching into operation of the third exhaust gas turbine supercharger takes place at high accelerations by means of the bypass valve 5g.

As in the case of switching to the start of operation, also in the case of a larger deceleration of the internal combustion engine and the associated rapid reduction of the charge air pressure, the switching to the deactivation of the exhaust gas turbine supercharger also occurs. A switchover can be effected by means of a bypass valve S7 or kg when the switch Arai 119 shuts off its control conduit. Here, too, the switching takes place at a later point in time, at a lower charge air pressure. Therefore, the supercharger 71F- switched to open operation) will remain in operation for a longer period of time, but
However, due to the short duration of the process, the insufficient charge air pressure is not disadvantageous, due to the increased hysteresis, which is also caused by the bypass valve when starting the operation or switching over to the deactivation. Vibrations appearing in the switching state cannot adversely affect the switching state.

In this way, other exhaust gas turbine superchargers can be switched into operation or out of operation in parallel to the existing exhaust gas turbine supercharger Q.

Similarly, in thermal theory, it is not only possible to switch over individual exhaust gas turbine superchargers as in the i4h above (it is also possible to switch groups with many exhaust gas turbine superchargers).

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the course of charging air pressure with respect to the output of the internal combustion engine, and FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the machine in full operation. lIS...control guide'it:"'...sharai, SO
...Piston j'3+sf...Control surface + '''・9 throttle; s71sg-・Bypass valve.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] l The charge air pressure of the piston internal combustion engine is controlled via a control line as a control rod for switching on or off the operation of at least one exhaust gas turbine supercharger of the piston internal combustion engine. A control device adapted to be supplied with a housing, characterized in that the control conduit (G5) is always cut off when a sudden rise or fall in the charge air pressure appears. It has a piston (30) arranged in the fljlJ gojin tube (I) in the rest position determined by its spring force.
Is) is left open for the passage of charge air, but
However, in both end positions, the control gl
The dedicated pipe (daS) is cut off, and its first control surface (jJ) is directly controlled by the charging air pressure, and its second control surface (1t)
The second front face (s4t) of the piston (SO) is forced through the throttle (1) by the charge air pressure, and in this case the second front face (s4t) of the piston (SO) Control device according to scope 7. 3. The control conduit (lIS) is shut off by a shut-off valve already in the event of an increase or decrease in the charge air pressure corresponding to a significant acceleration or deceleration of the internal combustion engine. However, when the charging air pressure corresponding to the maximum allowable rotation speed of the exhaust gas turbine turbocharger is reached at the start of operation, or when the charging air pressure has not reached 1 due to a suspension of operation, A control device as claimed in claim 1 in such a way that the shutoff valve (IIs) is arranged in the control conduit (IIs).
3. The control device according to claim 3, further comprising a bypass valve (s'ytsg) surrounding the control device (q9).