JPS5938757A - Method and device for developing - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain an image which can be transferred on plain paper according to the specific setting conditions of a regulating body for a developer and has high quality, by using a one-component type magnetic toner having an insulation characteristic. CONSTITUTION:A developing device which selects the shape at the tip of a developer regulating body for regulating the layer thickness of a polar developer sticking on the outside of a developer supply body and the disposition position thereof is used in the stage of performing development by using a one-component type magnetic toner having an insulation characteristic of which the surface potential of the developer on a developer supply means is of the polarity reversed from the polarity of a latent image, the absolute value thereof is 20< Vt<90V and the volume resistance sigmav is 10<12sigmav<10<16>OMEGAcm. More specifically, the angle alpha between the edge surface at the tip of a regulating body 41 and the tangent of a developing roll 36 is set at 0 deg.<alpha<90 deg., and the angle beta between the tip (developing roll side) of the regulating body and the part right above the developing roll is set at 30 deg.<beta<90 deg.. The part l of the regulating body nearest the toner hopper 32 in the horizontal direction is made the same as the outside circumference (r) of the developing roll or on the hopper side, that is, at l>=r.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a developing method and apparatus for a latent region 1, and more particularly to a developing method and apparatus using a -component electrically insulating developer.

[Technical background of the invention]

- Methods for developing electrostatic gaps using active ingredients have already been disclosed in many patents in various countries. However, most of them use conductive magnetic toner, and it is difficult to transfer the toner toner onto the paper that passes through the case, so special paper with increased electrical resistance is used. On the other hand, if an electrically insulating toner is used, it becomes possible to transfer to R paper. However, electrostatic 1 using a one-component developer with no square dimensions to transfer so-called carrier particles that can be transferred to plain paper.
There is no satisfactory method that has been put into practical use in terms of constantly stably charging electrically insulating toner and achieving stable, high image quality.

A known method for charging electrically insulating toner is a charging method using corona discharge. However, it is difficult to charge the toner uniformly by the .jη electroelectric method using this corona discharge, or by separating the toner particles inside the insulating toner. Furthermore, the corona band method for toner ionizes contaminants in the air (for example, ammonia, etc.), and these ions may adhere to the electrically insulating toner, causing the toner to be charged. When airborne contaminants adhere to the toner in this manner, the toner becomes contaminated, and the adhesion force between toner particles increases and the electrical resistance of the toner decreases. As a result, stable development of good image quality may not be obtained, and the transfer of the ink may also be adversely affected.

As described above, the charging method using corona discharge as a method of charging electrically insulating toner has undesirable problems. As other charging methods, toner charging methods using frictional charging or contact charging are commonly known. If the electrically insulating toner adheres to the member and covers the surface of the charging member, the durability will be lost.
It was difficult to charge the electrically insulating toner stably for a long period of time, and this resulted in not only a decrease in development density but also a decrease in image quality. As described above, there has been a problem in that it is difficult to consistently obtain a stable image quality (1076 degrees).

On the other hand, in recent years, magnetic brush developing devices using one-component magnetic toner as a magnetic developer have come to be widely used in electrophotographic devices and the like. FIG. 1 is a representative diagram of a conventional developing device. This includes a magnet roller 2 having a plurality of magnetic poles facing a photoreceptor 1 as a developing area, and a cylindrical sleeve 3 surrounding the magnet roller 2.
A developing roller 4 consisting of: Then, move the magnet roller 2 and sleeve 3 in opposite directions (the magnet is C
By rotating the sleeve in the b direction), a toner 1-(magnetic brush) 5' of the magnetic toner 6 is formed, and the toner layer 5' is made to a constant thickness by the doctor 6 as a raw material regulator. The magnetic toner 5 is regulated and rubbed against the photoreceptor 1. The direction in which the magnetic toner 5 is conveyed is the C direction.

Note that an arrow 8 in the figure indicates the flow (toner loop) of the magnetic toner 5 within the toner hopper 7.

By the way, in this method, one of the key points for obtaining a good image is to always keep the gap between the doctor 6 and the sleeve 3 constant and apply a layer of toner evenly on the sleeve 3.
It is to create.

However, when we conducted a continuous image output test using an actual device, the following problems occurred with the images.

(1) Occurrence of white streaks (parallel to the direction of image progression).

[Cause] This is because the magnetic toner 5 adheres to the tip of the doctor 6, and the amount of magnetic toner 5 conveyed in that area is reduced.

Note that there are the following two reasons why magnetic toner adheres.

■Adhesion due to mechanical and electrostatic factors.

■ Dust or paper powder that has entered the developing device becomes clogged between the doctor 6 and the sleeve 3, and the magnetic toner 5
is attached.

(1) Occurrence of turnip (a phenomenon in which the white background becomes dirty).

[Cause] This occurs because the magnetic toner 5 of the toner layer (magnetic brush) 5' contains some magnetic toner 5 that is not sufficiently charged.

(1+1) A line perpendicular to the image advancing direction becomes unclear.

[Cause] Since the magnetic brush ♂ rotates in only one direction, the fine lines in the right angle direction, that is, the magnetic toner 5 with weak adhesion, are swept away by the magnetic brush ♂.

Gy) Occurrence of concentration fluctuations.

[Cause] ■ The stress applied to the magnetic toner causes the magnetic toner to lose its shape and change its characteristics. ■Magnetic toner is not uniformly charged. ■Toner hottuno (-7
The agility of the stroke iron changes depending on the toner liquid inside. Specifically, when there is less toner in the toner hopper 1, the # degree is also lower. ■Magnetic toner 5 between doctor 6 and sleeve 3
blocking occurs.

There were other problems.

[Purpose of the invention]

The present invention has been made based on the above-mentioned circumstances, and its purpose is to provide a high-quality visible raster that can be transferred onto plain paper.
The object of the present invention is to provide a developing method and apparatus that can always stably realize the desired image.

[Summary of the invention]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has the following features:
The surface potential of the developer on the scraping supply means is opposite to the latent polarity, its absolute value is 20<Vi<90 volts, and the volume resistivity is 101<σV<1016Ω. It is characterized by developing using an insulating developer, and
The present invention is characterized in that the shape and position of the tip of the developer regulating body, which regulates the layer thickness of the magnetic developer adhering to the outer periphery of the developer supplying body, are set to appropriate conditions.

[Embodiments of the invention]

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 2 to 10. FIG. 2 shows an electronic copying machine that employs a developing device according to the present invention, and numeral 11 in the figure is a main body. A document mounting table 12 is provided on the upper surface of the main body 11, and is reciprocated by a motor 13 provided within the main body 11. Further, a photoreceptor 14 serving as a drum-shaped image carrier is pivotally supported approximately at the center of the main body 11 and is configured to rotate in synchronization with the document mounting table 12 .

An exposure system 17 consisting of a lamp 15, a converging light transmitter 16, etc. is provided between the photoreceptor I4 and the original platen 12, and illuminates the original on the original platen 12 and directs the reflected light to the photoreceptor. J4 to form an image of the document. A phenomenon device 18, a transfer corona discharger 19, a static eliminator 20, a cleaner 21, and a charger 22, which will be described later, are arranged in this order from this imaging position along the rotational direction of the photoreceptor 140. At the bottom of the main body 11, a transfer path 25 is provided for copy paper 24 as a recording medium, which passes through a transfer section 23 formed between the photoreceptor 14 and the transfer corona discharger 19. The yarn end is connected to a paper feed section 28 having a manual feed guide 26 and a paper feed device 27, and its end faces a paper discharge tray 30 via a fixing device 29. In addition, 3
1.31 is a conveyance roller.

Thus, the surface of the photoreceptor 14 is first charged and charged by the container 22, and then the lightning and charge are selectively erased by the exposure system 170g1, making it static! s image is formed. This static latent r# is then made visible by the deposition of magnetic toner by the developer slag device 18, thus forming a developer r pattern. This developer iron is supplied to the copy paper 2 that is fed from the paper feed section 28 and guided by the guide plate.
4 by the corona discharge of the transfer corona discharger 19.

The developing device 18 has the structure shown in FIG. 3. That is, numeral 32 in the figure is a toner hopper as a storage tank, and this toner hopper 32 has a pair of side frames 33, 33 (only one shown), and both longitudinal ends of these side frames 33 and 33 are connected to each other. It is assembled integrally from fixed plate members 34 and 35, and has a structure having a supply amount l'' portion 32tx and a developing opening portion 32b.

A developing roller 36 serving as a developer supplying member is housed in the toner hopper 32 with a portion exposed from the developing opening 32b.

This developing roller 36 is a cylindrical rotating body (hereinafter referred to as a sleeve) 3 made of a material such as aluminum or stainless steel.
7 and a magnet roller 38 disposed within this sleeve 37, the sleeve 37 is rotated in the direction of the arrow B by appropriate means, and the magnet roller 38 is rotated in the direction of the arrow B in synchronization with this rotation. It is supposed to be done.

Additionally, a predetermined small gap (Dr-8b gap) 39 is formed between the outer circumferential surface of the sleeve 37 and the outer circumferential surface of the monocular optical body 14 rotating in the direction of arrow C in the figure. There is. The magnetic toner 40 in the toner hopper 32, which serves as a magnetic particle, is attracted to the outer circumferential surface of the sleeve 37 through the magnetic force of the magnet roller 38, and is moved in the direction of the arrow. By passing through a predetermined gap (Da-Bc gap) 42 formed by the doctor 41 and the sleeve 37, a uniform layer 40' of toner is formed on the sleeve 37. Here 43 is Doctor 4
After setting the predetermined gap (Dc-8c gap) 42 by moving it up and down using the doctor fine adjustment screw 44 using the bracket for adjusting the circumference of one doctor which is attached to 1 and 9 integrally, fix it with the doctor fixing nut 45. do. Also, for the current army, Kai 1” Part 3
A toner scattering prevention cover 46 and a seal member 47 are attached above 2b. Furthermore, the developing opening 32
A sub-magnetic roller 48 is arranged below b and is rotated in the D direction to collect the magnetic toner 4o attached to the non-image area on the photoreceptor 14 and scatter it downward from the developing job. It plays the role of magnetically attracting the magnetic toner 40 and collecting it to the developing roller 36. 4
A lid 9 closes the supply opening 32a above the toner hopper 32, and a seal member 50a prevents toner from scattering beyond the opening.

By the developing device 18 configured as described above, the sleeve 37 is
The magnetic toner adsorbed by the doctor 41 is formed into a uniform toner layer 4o, and further, as the magnetic roller 38 rotates, the magnetic toner is conveyed over the sleeve 37 while taking the shape of an upright soft brush. It is attracted to the static image formed on the surface of the photoreceptor 14 through the gap 39, and a good image is produced.

Here, in order to properly determine the rate of change of cost density - copy density (hereinafter referred to as γ characteristic), an AC bias is applied to the 1 μm 10-ra 36 by the bias cage 5. It's good just to do it.

7444 shows the flow of the magnetic toner 40 within the toner hopper 32. This flow (hereinafter referred to as toner loop 52) is created by the rotation of the 1,113 iron roller 36 and the doctor blade 4. That is, the magnetic toner 40f in the toner hopper 32 is attached to the outer periphery of the sleeve 37 by the magnet D-ra 38 of the regular roller 36, and is further conveyed by the doctor 4711111 by the rotation of the sleeve 37 and the magnet roller 38. Ru.

Since there is a slight gap between the doctor 41 and the sleeve 37, a part of the magnetic toner 4o that has been sent near the shallow surface of the sleeve 37 passes through the gap and reaches the photoconductor 14. )74i8, but the remaining +% toner 4θ is pulled away from the sleeve 37 below the doctor 4I, as shown in FIG. 4, and then falls due to its own weight. Then, it is again attracted to the sleeve 37 by the magnet roller 38 and conveyed as described above. The magnetic toner 4o in the toner hopper 32 is consumed while repeating this movement.

On the other hand, one key point in obtaining good image quality using the one-component development method using the magnetic toner 4o is to form a uniform toner layer 40' on the sleeve 37.

Therefore, in the present invention, the angle α of the tip of the doctor 41 is set within a certain angle range, as shown in detail in FIG. The angle α between the surface and the tangent line drawn from the point where the surface extends toward the elephant roller 36 side and hits the current roller 36 is greater than 0° and less than 90° (oo<α<90')
It is set to .

In this way, by setting the angle of the tip of the doctor 41, the flow of magnetic toner 4θ near the tip of the doctor 41 becomes smoother, and dust and paper particles that have entered the developing device are removed from the doctor 4 and the sleeve. Without getting stuck between 37,
The toner is forcibly conveyed together with the magnetic toner 40. Further, the magnetic toner 40 that attempts to mechanically or electrostatically adhere to the surface of the doctor 41 is also scraped off by the conveyance force of the magnetic toner 40.

Therefore, the magnetic toner 40 does not adhere to the tip of the doctor 41 and the conveyance amount of the magnetic toner 40 in that area does not decrease, and it is possible to obtain a good image without density unevenness.

Furthermore, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 6, the portion of the tip of the doctor 41 closest to the developing roller 36 is
It faces the circumference of the existing roller 36 whose angle β from directly above the shun roller 36 is in the range of 300 to 90Q (30° and β<90°), and is closest to the toner hopper 32 of the doctor 41 in the horizontal direction. The portion is set at a position that is the same as the outer circumference of the current roller 36 or closer to the toner hopper 32 side, that is, a position where l≧r.

Under the condition of 30°<β<90', the loop 52 of the magnetic toner 4θ explained with reference to FIG. 4 is made small, and the following effects are obtained. That is, (1) the uncharged toner 40 is supplied to the sleeve 37, thereby reducing fogging;

■Reducing the stress applied to the magnetic toner 40, thereby preventing the magnetic toner 40 from becoming pulverized (proceeding pulverization leads to poor cleaning) and the magnetic powder exposed on the surface of the magnetic toner 40. Prevents an increase in the amount of (Does not damage the surface of the photoreceptor 14, which has little variation in density.

)■ By extending the time from when it passes through the doctor 41 until it reaches the photoreceptor 14, the charging of the magnetic toner 40 is made uniform (stabilizing the degree a), and the spikes of the magnetic toner 40 are softened to reproduce fine lines. Improve your sexuality.

- Decrease the driving torque of the magnet roll 38.

Get special effects.

Furthermore, from the condition l≧r, (1) the weight of the magnetic toner 4o in the toner hopper 32 is not directly applied between the sleeve 32 and the doctor 4, and has no effect on the stitching of the magnetic toner 40 passing through the doctor 41. prevent it from affecting This prevents the density from changing due to the magnetic toner 40 in the toner hopper 32.

(2) The weight of the magnetic toner 4o in the toner hopper 32 is no longer directly applied between the sleeve 37 and the doctor 4, and a phenomenon such as blocking of the magnetic toner 4θ due to ill≦juice does not occur. It has the following effects.

Furthermore, the present invention has a configuration in which a flat surface 41a that is substantially parallel to the surface of the iron block roller 36 is provided at the part of the doctor 4I closest to the developing roller 36, as shown in FIG. It's off.

The doctor 41 is made of a metal plate such as iron or stainless steel, but these have a certain degree of warpage. However, the warpage of Doctor 41 is
This leads to a change in the gap (DC-8L gap) 42 between the sleeve 37 and the sleeve 37, resulting in poor image quality.

Therefore, the tip of the doctor 41 has a flat surface (cut portion) 4.
By providing Ia, it is possible to reduce the influence of warpage and obtain good image quality.

This will be explained in more detail with reference to FIG.

Fig. 7 (a) is a view of the doctor 41 seen from the side, and Fig. 7 (b) is a view seen from the direction of arrow E, and the doctor 41 has a rectangular shape as shown in the figure. . That is, aK
The corresponding position in the center is b, and the position corresponding to d is e. When , the gap changes from 42a to 42b. Therefore, when a flat flat surface 41a is attached to the doctor 1, the longitudinal line of this part becomes a drawing line as shown by C, and the gap remains unchanged by 42c.

That is, by providing the flat surface (cut portion) 4Za, the gap 42 becomes less susceptible to warpage.

Furthermore, when experiments were conducted using various toners using the above-described developing device, the following results were obtained. Toner surface potential measurements on sleeve 97 are as follows.

Sleeve material: stainless steel Sleeve diameter = 31φ Sleeve rotation speed: Q rpm Magnet rotation speed: 300 rpm Number of magnet poles: 10 pole Magnet magnetic crab 750 Gauss sample
2i Under these conditions, the toner 40 is conveyed onto the sleeve 37, and after one minute, the surface potential of the toner 40 conveyed onto the sleeve 37 is measured using a surface electrometer.

The conditions for measuring the volume resistance of the captivating toner 40 are shown below.

Under these conditions, the volume resistance is calculated from the current value 1 minute after voltage application.

Implementation 8 Tari 1 Styrene acrylic copolymer resin, carbon black double 1:(G)t)% magnetic powder (EPF 1000: Toda Kogyo Co., Ltd.) 60ωt% and hydrophobic silica (R-972:B
Toner 40 obtained by mixing, pulverizing, and classifying this Aero i/''H) 0.4 (c) t% was measured using a top fertilizer training device, and the results were as follows: vt=70vot, *σv=10''Ωm.

Met. Using this toner 4o, development was carried out using the selenium photoconductor 14 which was charged to the polarity by the above-mentioned development device.The image density showed no change in density at both the initial stage and after copying 10,000 copies. There wasn't. I cut it out, and the cover is m(<,
High-quality images with little tailing were consistently obtained. Furthermore, the transfer to the paper with high humidity was also good. This includes the charging of the toner 40 due to frictional charging or contact charging between the toner 40 and the sleeve 37 and the toner 40 phase 4, the charging between the toner 40 and the sleeve 37, the toner 40 phase contact, and the discharge inside the toner 40. Balanced, charged,
It is thought that this is because the toner 40, which is 4-charged due to the excess or deficiency of the toner, contributed to the phenomenon.

Comparison 19111 Actual: The carbon content of the toner constituent materials of Example 1 was changed to 4ωt, and 19ωt was added to the sulfur sulfur base to create a toner using the same composition as Example #i. The electrical characteristics are Vj =--2Qvol
t, σv = 10''Ω. When this toner 40 was used and developed with ;l!h'+n 901 and an interpolation device, a turn υ was added during continuous copying. The transfer efficiency decreased. This is due to the low charge on the toner F-4O, which may lead to frictional charging between the photoreceptor (iron carrier) 14 and the toner 40, or due to differentiation between the toner F-4O. It is presumed that this is because the charged toner 4o was mixed in and fogging occurred.The reason for the poor transfer to the Shikari paper in extremely humid conditions is thought to be that the 'rll load holding power of the toner 40 was reduced.

Comparative Example 2 A toner was prepared by changing the amount of carbon in the toner constituent phases of Example 1 to 0 ωt. The electrical characteristics are v t = 90 v
olt*σv=IG””Ωshin. When this toner 40 was used for development with a developing device of 1, fogging occurred in the initial stage and the image density decreased during continuous copying.

In addition, trailing and white-out images occurred. The cause of the fogging and trailing in the initial state is presumed to be that insufficiently charged uncharged toner adheres to the white background portion of the low tl portion of latent p and the edge effect portion at the rear end of the solid. The reason why the image density decreases due to continuous copying is that once the charged toner 40 is a high-resistance toner, it is difficult to discharge and the balance of charging and discharging is disrupted, resulting in an increase in the amount of toner. This is thought to be because the toner particles adhere to the toner particles 37 and prevent the toner from being charged, increasing the amount of unevenly charged toner.

If white streaks (white spots) still appear in the solid black area,
This is considered to be because the gap between the doctor 41 and the sleeve 37 changes as the highly charged toner that has been tribocharged by the doctor 41 adheres to and grows on the doctor 4I, making the thickness of the developer layer non-uniform.

Using the toners of Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, the relationship between the toner weight of the developing device and the image density and the relationship between the toner weight and the toner surface potential are shown in FIG. It is clear that according to the developing method of Example 1 using the toner of the present invention, both the image density and the toner surface potential are stable against changes in toner weight.

The results of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are summarized as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 when a polar photoreceptor is used. That is, from FIG. 9, when the toner surface potential exceeds 12Q volt, the fog shown by the broken line becomes unstable, and -9
When the voltage falls below 0 volts, the concentration changes as shown by the solid line. In addition, the solid line arrow indicates a good range of tailing, which is good at -90 volts or more, -20>Vt>
9 Q volt is the appropriate value. In FIG. 10, when the volume resistivity exceeds 10 to 6 Ω, the density changes as shown by the solid line, and when the volume resistivity is below 1 to 11 Ω, transfer defects to plain paper occur. Also, when it is less than 1016 Ω, the solid line arrow shows a good trailing range, so the volume resistance is 10 m! <σv<101691 is an appropriate value.

Note that the broken line in the figure indicates transfer efficiency.

Although the present invention has been explained in the case of a latent image bearing member of polarity (1) as an embodiment, it goes without saying that it can also be applied to a latent image bearing member of e polarity.

Furthermore, the present invention is a developing method that can be suitably applied not only to electrophotography but also to the development of latent images formed by well-known methods such as electrostatic recording. ) can also be effectively applied to the phenomenon method using

Furthermore, in order to obtain more stable images, it is desirable to use the developing device disclosed in the above embodiments.

In addition, it goes without saying that the present invention can be modified in various ways without departing from the gist of the present invention.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As explained above, according to the present invention, the polarity of the latent "Sakae's polarity and the opposite polarity and its absolute value is 20<vt<90volt is 10"
By using an insulating developer with a bias of <σv<10''Ω, a stable image that can be transferred onto plain paper can be produced at all times.

According to the present invention, the developer is charged in small increments on the developer supply member and further charged in the electric field due to the latent image potential, but during continuous copying, the developer is charged and discharged in just the right amount and is uniform. An electrolytically charged phenomenon is always created. Therefore, a high-quality image can be obtained without causing aggregation on the image ablation control body or the developer supply body.

Further, by extremely simple means such as setting the tip shape and arrangement position of the developer regulating body to an appropriate state, it is possible to obtain a more stable and good image.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a side view showing a conventional example, Figs. 2 to 7 (a) and (b) show an embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is a copying machine employing the developing device of the present invention. Schematic longitudinal section fll1 of
1 side view, FIG. 3 is a schematic vertical side view of the developing device, FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the flow of developer, FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing the state of the doctor tip angle, and FIG. Explanatory diagrams showing the settings of the doctor, Figures 7 (a) and (b) show the warpage of the doctor and 18! NX Figure 9 shows the relationship between toner surface potential, image density change, and fog change, and Figure 10 shows volume resistance. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between image density change, image density change, and transfer efficiency. 14... Image carrier (photoreceptor), 32... Developer material storage member (toner hopper), 36... Developing removal supply body (developing row 2), 40... Present (powder agent) toner), 41...
Current one-dimensional cutting control body (doctor), 40'... Tona more,
41a...Flat surface. Applicant's representative Patent attorney Takehiko Suzue 1 Figure 4 Figure 3q Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 0 50 too 150 200
250 i'l Poetry Toner Raw t Wt (g) Figure 9 0 20 50 90 to. Thrift'''conn) t-9, fi electric notice (my 72 vro I?) Fig. 10

Claims (5)

[Claims] (1) A developer supplying means for conveying and supplying developer to the latent image holding means is placed opposite to the latent image holding means, and a charged electrically insulating developer is deposited on the developer supplying means to be brought close to or in contact with the latent image holding means. In the developing method, the surface potential (Vt) of the developer on the developer supplying means as the insulating developer is the polarity of the latent 1st element '
(Vt(9Q volt) and a volume resistivity (σV) xo12<σv(i o''Ω) A developing method characterized by using an insulating developer. (2) The developing method according to claim 1, characterized in that it is the 'tα stunning developing agent. (3) A developer supplying body that supplies electrically charged electrically insulating developer to be close to or in contact with the latent image holding means, and the surface potential (Vt) of the developer supplied by this ring-shaped supplying body. is the opposite polarity to the latent charge acute, its absolute value is 20<Vt, <90volt, and the volume resistivity (
σv) is 1011〈σv <10''Ω (support),
It is equipped with a developer regulating body that regulates the first layer (a layer of insulating developer adhered to the developer supplying body), and the developer regulating body is provided with a developer regulating body that regulates the first edge of the first half (a layer of insulating developer attached to the developer supplying body), and one of the surfaces constituting the edge of the top of the first image cutting regulating body. (a surface that is on the upstream side of the magnetic particles conveyed by the raw material regulator and forms a flow path for the developer with the ring one particles supply body;
The surface is extended toward the developer supplying body, and the surface is exposed at the point where it touches the developer supplying body. I! The angle formed with the tangent line drawn to the surface of the agent supply body was set to be less than 90°, which is more than 0°!
A thinking device with the letter l. (4) A patent TFI requesting feature in which a flat surface that is substantially parallel to the surface of the ring 1 cutting supply body is provided in the part of the particle regulating body closest to the ring 1 cutting supply body. Current unit equipment listed in item 3. (5) A II supply body is provided to the developer r# for supplying the charged electrically insulating developer so as to be close to or in contact with the latent image holding means, and the developer supplied by the developer supply body is The surface potential (Vt) is opposite to the charge polarity of the latent image, and its absolute value is 20<Vt<90volts.
＜ i o”Ω舊, and the above soul [Mf
L, a developer regulating body that regulates the layer thickness of the insulating developer, and the tip of the developer regulating body closest to the cutting supply body is directly above the developer supply body. Therefore, there is a range of 30° to 90° on the circumference of the agent supplying body, which is about 18 degrees in the horizontal direction! A developing device characterized in that the part of the scraping regulating body closest to the developer storage tank is located at the same position as the outer periphery of the developer supplying body or at an odd position on the side of the scraping storage tank.