JPS5935799A - Method of construction of blasting without environmental pollution - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] The present invention is applicable to rock, concrete 4Y# structures, etc. ! 2F Relating to an economically advantageous can pollution blasting method that suppresses blasting pollution such as blasting vibration, blasting noise, and flying stones by using a combination of an i-drug and a shrinkable crushing agent when completely destroying broken objects. It is.

The moving platform for destroying flooded bedrock, concrete structures, etc., is used to create a rock that will be used to create a vessel. Destruction methods include the use of ordinary 9 explosives loaded with bombs and detonated, methods in which a large iron ball is manipulated with heavy machinery to apply impact to the object to be destroyed, and even direct destruction by heavy machinery such as rock breakers.
Construction methods to destroy destructive objects are suddenly being destroyed. Furthermore, recently concrete crushers and controlled blasting explosives (for example, the product name
Dried mulberry and fire such as ``Urbanite'' NOF Corporation @):! 3
Weak blasting methods that sufficiently suppress the force of A construction method in which the expansion force generated over a long period of time is used to destroy objects to be destroyed by using it under the name ``Calmmite'' (manufactured by Nihon Yugiken Kohata) has actually been destroyed. However, all of these construction methods have drawbacks as described below, and improvements are being sought.

In other words, in the destructive construction method that uses general glue, the so-called general blasting method, the explosive energy of each glue is extremely large, so even a slight error in calculating the amount of charge can cause flying stones, especially when blasting in urban areas. This method requires a high degree of skill from the blasting workers, and also has the disadvantage that the blasting vibrations and tones generated during blasting are quite loud.

In addition, construction methods that use a combination of iron and steel and rock breakers require large equipment and a lot of labor, which increases work costs and also generates high metal noise during work. However, since the work takes a long time, the negative impact on the surrounding environment is extremely large. on the other hand,
The blasting method uses low-power explosives that suppress the gunpowder power,
It requires skill to determine the amount of charge, and the situation of the object to be destroyed,
For example, f￥! If there are many L-fissures or if the minimum resistance line length is short, there is a drawback that it can cause unexpected damage (cannonball accidents). Is it possible to prevent the generation of blasting vibrations and noise of 10゛? ``It was 1c〇Compared to these methods, for example, the method using a chronic crushing agent whose main ingredients are silicic acid (silicic acid) and an expanding agent reduces blasting vibrations and noise. Blasting noise, flying stones, etc. can be completely suppressed.

This is because the crushing caused by the chronic crushing agent simply depends on the energy due to the volumetric expansion generated during consolidation, and this generated energy is much smaller than that generated by the fi agent. On the other hand, because of such low energy, a large amount of chronic crushing agent is required to crush the object, which increases the cost. (usually,
The amount of charge required is 60 to 200 times that of a charge. ).

In addition, since the fracture energy is very small, when it is required to destroy rocks with few free surfaces (in terms of blasting, single free surface blasting such as plate-down blasting and underground blasting), the destructive effect is almost negligible. There are drawbacks that cannot be expected.

As is clear from the above, the conventional method of blasting rock or concrete structures can easily destroy the debris by using gunpowder with a large blasting capacity, but In order to eliminate these disadvantages, the construction method using chronic crushing agents does not cause blasting noise or blasting noise to the surrounding area of the residential area, and there is a large risk of flying stones. However, since a large amount of chronic crushing agent is used, not only is the cost high, but also the destructive power is weak, so depending on the situation, it may not be possible to destroy the object.

The present invention does not apply blasting vibration or blasting noise to the surrounding area, and
As a result of research to provide a blasting method that does not involve the danger of flying stones, has a large destructive capacity, and is low in cost, we have obtained the following knowledge and have completed the present invention.

Considering the destruction caused by nine shots of a typical #drug, at the moment the explosive explodes, there is a high temperature (3000-4000'K) and high pressure caused by the electromagnetic wave near the explosive. (several tens of Kbar to 300 Kbar) acts.

This high-temperature, high-pressure acting energy instantly melts the object near the explosive, but this initial energy rapidly attenuates, and the shock wave propagates into the object as a compression wave. Tensile stress acts in a direction perpendicular to this compression wavefront. Rocks and concrete have high compressive strength but low tensile strength, and if the tensile stress generated by the compression waves accompanying this explosion is greater than the tensile strength of the object being destroyed, cracks will occur in the direction of the compression waves (plastic At 7'C, when the compression wave becomes smaller than the deformation (deformation) and tension @ degree, this compression wave propagates through the object as an elastic wave.

On the other hand, the explosive generates a large amount of gas during the explosive reaction, and as this gas expands, a static gas pressure acts on the destroyed object, and the pressure Ps is Abel-f: Explosive force of the explosive ( /-
between kt/c" / kyin W: to 5PAC of explosives) V: charging hole volume (J) α: high pressure indicated by cobolium (A) (l! & 100 bar - enemy bar)
becomes. This pressure also acts on the object to be destroyed, further widening the crack and destroying the object.

On the other hand, in construction methods that use chronic crushing agents, for example, water is added to an expandable material made by mixing an inorganic compound mainly composed of silica salt with an expanding agent as the other main component, resulting in a hydration reaction. It is based on the idea that the object to be destroyed is destroyed by the expansion pressure ([E test force)] generated by volumetric expansion.

In this case, the volumetric expansion is at most twice as large, and the expansion pressure acting on the object to be destroyed is as small as 400 bar at most, which is extremely small compared to the pressure that acts upon the explosion of an explosive. Therefore, both the compressive stress generated by the action of the expansion pressure and the tensile stress generated in the direction perpendicular to this are small, and the range of their action is also small. For this reason, for rocks with high tensile strength, we cannot expect much effect on elongating cracks, and tensile strength! f! Even if the object to be destroyed has a weak resistance of 1lIv, if the length of the minimum resistance line is large, a phenomenon occurs in which the growth of cracks stops midway. In order to compensate for this, it is necessary to shorten the minimum resistance wire length (in other words, to increase the free surface) and to adopt a charging hole arrangement with close distance between the charging holes. Per unit volume;! 8 Rk becomes very large. However, as mentioned above, this is a standard approach when there are many free surfaces, and in the case of JISb conformance of free surfaces (for example, the lowering method or the tunnel excavation method), the surrounding restraining force is too strong, and at best Even if a few cracks are formed around the mouth of the charging hole, the expected effects such as crack growth and movement of the fracture surface cannot be obtained.

However, the expansion pressure generated by the expansion of the compressible crushing agent applies compressive stress and tensile stress in the direction perpendicular to this to the surrounding objects to be destroyed, and even after the reaction has fully completed, these stresses remain as residual stress. Acting on the object to be destroyed. The fact that this residual stress is acting on the object to be destroyed means that the object to be destroyed becomes more vulnerable to other destructive energies, and can be easily destroyed without the need for normal destructive energy. becomes.

The present inventors paid attention to this point, and based on the results of analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of various conventional construction methods, the inventors of the present invention used a combination of a shrinkable crushing agent and an explosive to achieve more effective destruction. He discovered a construction method that can destroy objects and completed the present invention.

That is, the gist of the present invention is to drill a plurality of loading holes in an object to be destroyed, load a small amount of explosives into one or more of the holes, fill them with a filler, and fill the remaining loading holes with a compressed material. Blasting, in which a slow-disrupting agent is loaded, the slow-disrupting agent traps a hydration reaction, and the expansion pressure caused by the hydration reaction is applied to the object to be destroyed, and then the explosive is detonated to destroy the object. It is a construction method.

That is, as described above, the present invention detonates a small amount of explosives in the process in which the residual stress on the object to be destroyed or the expansion pressure caused by the shrinkable crushing agent acts on the object to be destroyed, Qs, thereby causing an effect on the object to be destroyed. This is a construction method based on the technical idea of increasing the tensile stress caused by LPU destruction, and providing a force greater than the tensile strength of the LPU debris.

This construction method allows cracks to grow easily, making it possible to easily remove C liquid and X cracks from the object to be destroyed using a large machine such as a power shovel or ripper.

Loading hole diameter, depth, distance between adjacent loading holes, row spacing 1
The optimum conditions for J separation etc. are comprehensively determined by the physical property T4 of the object to be destroyed, the performance of the explosive, the performance of the shrinkable crushing agent, etc.

The amount of explosive used in the present invention may be sufficient to impart energy to the compressible fragmentation agent to slightly increase the tensile stress acting within the object, e.g. during normal blasting. The value of C in Hauser's dose calculation formula %) () ) used is destruction +: If the object A is a medium-hard rock, the value of C is at least 0, l even if a simple crack is generated in the object to be destroyed. (
k,9/m”) is necessary, whereas (LO
2 to 0.05 (k;/m") is sufficient, so that no stone flying accidents can occur, and the hole spacing 5 of the large number of loading hole groups is evenly spaced from about 50 t:m to 100 crn. It is possible to take

As the filling material, commonly used materials such as sand and stones are used.

The crushing agent used in the invention is one that hydrates and expands by adding water and performs a crushing action due to the expansion [E]. Name: ``Calmite'', Onome'' cement product name: ``Calmmite''
All known therapeutic FITM agents such as Plaister J can be used. 7) Slow rupture (The ingredients of the cleaning agent are, for example, those whose main ingredients are silica, such as silica tricalcium, and an expanding agent, such as calcium oxide, or generally called expansible cement. ttu is lime based, calcium sulfate aluminate based, temporary I; I'J to -
qite type, magnesia type, ordinary portland cement-
Blast furnace slag-bauxite-gypsum system, alumina cement-lime-gypsum system, calcium''7.TI/Minato lime-gypsum thread, etc.

All of the industrial Sanmi stores used for conventional blasting can be used as Minato Niyen used in the present invention.

Next, the % relaxation i1A of the present invention will be explained.

Figure 1 shows the unexploded 1N! FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of the perforation and charge pattern in the case of performing board-down crushing by method No. 1, and FIG. 2 is a plan view thereof. Several loading holes i drilled perpendicularly to one free surface of rock l
, 21', 21'...and l, 2', 21
' is drilled in the shape of a base plate, and part of the loading hole 2. ．． 2
Load a small amount of explosives 3 at the bottom of the hole, and then apply 8 layers of packing material 4 on top of the explosives 3. , 21', 21'
...and 2. ’... Slow crushing agent 5
Equipped with Q.

To perform blasting using the method of the present invention, 6 to 24 hours after loading the slow crushing agent, when the hydration expansion pressure due to the hydration reaction of the slow crushing agent has sufficiently acted on the rock mass, the explosive 30 When the space tube is activated, the destructive energy from the explosion aggravates the tensile stress generated by the expansion pressure caused by the hydration reaction of the slow crushing agent 3 already acting inside the object 13 to be destroyed. A large number of cracks are generated within the object 13 due to stress exceeding the tensile strength of the object 13 to be destroyed. As a result, the destroyed item 13 is a power shovel, ripper, etc.
or a rock breaker) (can be easily crushed and removed by machine operation).

The construction method according to the present invention is based on the expansion F of the water λ mouth reaction of the slow crushing agent.
This is a construction method that effectively combines the 12A power of explosives, which is highly effective by Kita, to extremely suppress the noise and finger movements that occur when using a single explosive, and to avoid the danger of flying stones. In addition, unlike in the case where a slow crushing agent is used alone, a large amount of a multi-M slow crushing agent fJ7 is not used, making it possible to suppress an abnormal increase in costs.

Next, the present invention will be explained in detail based on the actual product.

Actual Foil Example 1 (Riyo-blasting) Blasting was carried out on rock by the method shown below using the drilling and charging pattern as shown in Figures 1 and 2.

Drilling diameter 3F3mm in rock made of granite with few cracks.
, 25 vertical holes of diameter 8i) cm were drilled in a 1-71ζ 5-hole arrangement of 1 to 1 in the base with a hole spacing of 60 cm. Of these, 9 holes (61 cylindrical tubes weighing 30 grams each)
After loading No. 3 paulownia dynamite directly into the hole, the hole was plugged with sand as a filler. 1 kg of each of the 16 holes (a) of a mild crushing agent (trade name: "Calmite", manufactured by Sunagiken Kogyo Co., Ltd.) sufficiently immersed in water was loaded. When 16 hours had passed after the completion of loading, the 9-hole tube was energized to melt No. 3 paulownia dynamite using the blasting method. The bedrock after blasting is completely destroyed and can be easily reduced by % with a power shovel.
It had been crushed to the point of 33u. Table 1 shows the blasting conditions and results.

Comparative Example 1 (Plat-down crushing) Granite similar to that used in Strengthening Example 1 was crushed under the conditions shown in Table 1 using only a slow crushing agent with the drilling/charging pattern shown in Figure 3. did.

The results are shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 2 (Blowdown Blasting) An example using only a controlled blasting explosive (trade name [Urbanite], manufactured by Nippon Kyokushu Tsuki Ni) with a more precise drilling/charging pattern shown in Figures 1 and 2. Rocks similar to those used in 1 were crushed in accordance with 1 shown in Table 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

In Table 1, in the case of the sedentary crushing agent lit (Comparative Example 1)
), the load on the cored part is especially high, so the basic unit of flooring is high, and it is about 12% compared to the construction method of the present invention (Example 1).
When using TL for controlled blasting (Comparative Example 2), the total amount of chemical is about 1/20 of that of the method of the present invention when blasting is done only to create cracks. However, the vibration and noise are larger than the method of the present invention.From this result, the method of the present invention has a larger amount of crushing than the case of slow fracture 1? It is certain that
Therefore, the blasting vibration and noise are smaller than explosives for controlled blasting, and considering the small value of the above-mentioned blasting coefficient C, there is no fear of flying stones, so-called #1! 1? It can be said to be a pollution blasting method.

Real basket example 2 (bench blasting) Granite mining Zi j'! I went to &, and there were few cracks, and the corner F? + (Minute 1° and free angle 1 to 3 Q c
Hole spacing is 60tw, hole diameter is 3814. A device with a drilling length of Oocm, 4 Q holes, 60 cm from the free surface at position 1a with a hole interval of 5 Q t*, a hole diameter of 3f3ntpn, and a drilling length of 6oc'In ↓r (a total of 7 holes, 3 holes, in a staggered pattern) Holes are drilled in the arrangement E (, and 3 rods (1.05 kg) of a rope crushing agent fully soaked with 4 t + ff water are placed in each of the 4 holes on the side closer to the free surface, and the other 3 holes are filled with v, After loading the L detonator No. 3 (3 durams each of 1 and 1 dynamite), use sand as a filler.''4''0? At 1:00 p.m., lightning struck 1'2F using a blasting tube, and No. 3 paulownia innamite was detonated.After blasting, the rock was crushed and the results were in good condition and as expected.

Table 2 shows the blasting conditions and results.

Ratio 1 bite case: ((Bench blasting) Blasting was performed according to Practical Example 2 using only a slow crushing agent. Table 2 shows the blasting conditions and results.

--,,,-,-,-,L-1111-,,,-,-
, -, , - Table 2 Table 2 shows that when comparing the construction method according to the present invention (Actual Relaxation Example 2) and the case of using only a twilling crushing agent (Comparative Example 3), in the construction method of the present invention, the unit crushing amount was Atashi's 'M Kk is only 1/11, while the number of holes perforated by the same machine is also 1114.
It can be seen that there are few

As explained above in detail, the crushing effect of the method according to the present invention is that both the number of holes and the amount of mulberry used are extremely small compared to the method using only a hot crushing agent, and the cost is significantly lower. Compared to blasting, it is possible to significantly reduce the amount of deflagration used, and it is also effective in suppressing blasting vibrations and noise, which cause pollution caused by CC, and eliminates the occurrence of flying stones. be.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1st [M is drilling by unexploded 1ru 1 construction method, charge putter
N(7)r! 1.1lJii:l'1ftSL 2nd
The figure is the flat one, and the third figure is the comparison i';it.
Is the perforation and charging pattern used for l? Fig. 111. ■ = Rock mass 21.21', 2I', 2 K": Loading hole 10,000 l Figure 21.2.', l', 21": Loading hole 2m s
21', 21'% 2 g" a, Loading hole 3: Explosive 4; Filler 5: Slow I night crusher patented KLt included Nippon Oil & Fats Co., Ltd. Patent attorney Tsukasa Asano Figure 2 Figure 3 7〉

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1) Drill a scattering of loading holes in the damaged material, load one or more of the holes with explosives at a low pressure, fill them with packing material, and fill the remaining loading holes with IN1; A compressive crushing agent is loaded, and then a hydration reaction is caused in the reproducible crushing agent, and 11@tension pressure due to an M&long phase summation reaction is applied to the object to be destroyed, and then the explosive is fired four times. A non-polluting blasting method that destroys objects that are subject to destruction.