JPS5933423B2 - Crushing and sorting equipment for municipal waste, etc. - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an apparatus for crushing and sorting municipal waste, etc., which has a rotating cylindrical screen and a rotating scraper.

Municipal waste generally includes kitchen waste, paper waste, wood waste, textile waste,
Miscellaneous waste such as plastic, glass, and metal is discharged in a mixed state, and in order to make effective use of it, it is necessary to separate it, and for effective separation, it is also necessary to perform crushing as a pretreatment. However, a crushing and sorting machine having a rotating cylindrical screen and a rotating scraper plate is used as a device suitable for efficiently carrying out crushing and sorting work in one step. However, the quality of municipal waste fluctuates depending on regional differences and seasons, and it is necessary to adjust the effects of crushing and separation according to changes in waste quality.

Elements such as the screen hole diameter, the gap between the scraper plate and the protrusion, the structure and arrangement of the scraper plate have a large influence on the crushing and separation effect, but it takes a lot of effort to change and adjust these factors. It has the disadvantage that it takes time and cannot be easily implemented. In the above-mentioned device, the material to be processed is crushed and separated by the impact, shear, and stirring action between the scraping plate and the protrusions, so by adjusting the residence time of the material, the material can be crushed and sorted according to the type of waste. The effect can be adjusted.

In order to adjust the residence time, conventionally, a dam was provided in the vicinity of the discharge port after the final stage scraper. However, as a larger throughput is desired, each part of the equipment becomes larger and the cylindrical screen becomes longer and longer, and the effect of the dam installed at the discharge section is limited to the garbage in the vicinity, and the It was difficult to adjust the residence time of the treated material over the entire area of the drum up to the discharge port. The present invention improves the conventional system by providing the weir at an appropriate position before the final stage scraper, and allows the crushing and separation effect to be easily adjusted without changing other operating conditions. The purpose is to provide a crushing and sorting device for municipal waste, etc.

To explain the present invention with reference to the drawings, an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 3, 3', and has protrusions 4, 4 on its inner surface. A cylindrical screen configured in a drum shape is arranged, and the cylindrical screen is integrally formed with an intermediate guide ring 17 interposed therebetween, and guide rings 18, 18' provided at both ends.
It is also rotatably supported on support rollers 19 (FIGS. 2 and 3) on the floor, and is rotated by a chain drive from an external drive device 21 by means of a sprocket wheel 20.

Below the supply port 1 and above the discharge port 2 are casings 22, 2.
3, and outside the screens 3, 3' of the cylindrical screen are covers 24, 2' and shoots 25, 25'.
is equipped with. Bearings 14, 147 are provided on the outside of the casings 22, 23, and an intermediate guide ring 17 is provided.
Bearing bodies 28, 28' are held inside a housing 27 supported by a stay 26, and the main shaft 6 is held between the bearing 14 and the bearing body 28, and the main shaft 6 is held between the bearing 14 and the bearing body 28.
A main shaft 67 is supported between. These bearings are preferably of the self-aligning type. The main shafts 6 and 6' are respectively driven separately by separate drives 29 and 29' via pulleys 15 and 15'. Around and adjacent to the main shafts 6, 67, winding prevention plates 7, 7' are attached with bolts or the like to prevent wires or strings from wrapping around the main shafts 6, 67. Scraping plates 5, 5/ are attached to the outside of the winding prevention plates 7, 7', and their tips and protrusions 4, 4
1 with a gap C between them. Scraping board 5,
Passages 8, 8 formed between 5' and the next scraper plate 5, 55
Triangular guiding portions 32, 3T are provided so that the outer diameter of the inner edge of the opening 1 gradually increases toward the discharge port 2.

16 is a feeding blade, 40, 404 is a feeding inclined plate, 41
, 41/ are protrusions that cut the wound material.

45,457 is an end plate.

Therefore, inside the screens 3 and 3' of both cylindrical screens, in addition to the dam plate 44 behind the final stage scraper, there are
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the main shaft 6,
Annular dam plates 46, 46' are provided substantially perpendicular to 6', and dam plates are provided as dams between adjacent winding prevention plates 7, 7/ as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3. 4
7 and 471 are provided, and both are provided so that the passage space for the processed material is reduced at a specific position in the axial direction before the final scraper. Dam plate 46, 46', 47
, 47' may be arbitrarily selected depending on the properties of the waste.

For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the arrangement may be (4) stepwise, (B) staggered, (Cj intermittent or 0) continuous around the entire circumference, or the like. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, for example, the winding prevention plates 7 (or 7) may be arranged in a staggered manner (4), (B) in an intermittent manner, or (C) continuous over the entire circumference. To explain the operation of the embodiment configured as described above, the driving device 21 connects the cylindrical screens 3, 3/, the intermediate guide ring 17,
The guide rings 18, 18' rotate together.

On the other hand, the main shaft 6 is connected to the main shaft 6 by the pulley 15. is pulley 15
', they rotate at different speeds, and these speeds also differ from the speeds of the cylindrical screens 3 and 31. The garbage thrown in from the supply port 1 enters the casing 22 and is given rotational motion by the feed vane 16, and is sent in the direction of the main shaft 6 by the action of the screw.

Once inside the cylindrical screen 3, it moves forward while being given a rotational motion by the anti-wrapping plate 7. At this time, the scraper plate 5 and the protrusion 4. (In step 5, glass, ceramics, rubble, and soft debris, which are most vulnerable to impact without being subjected to impact and shear, are crushed into particles or pieces and passed through the holes in the screen 3 as a first group to the chute 25. The dust remaining in the cylindrical screen is further sent in the axial direction and reaches the shaft end of the main shaft 6, where it is forcibly pushed further in the axial direction by the screw action caused by the inclination of the inclined plate 40, and is pushed further in the axial direction between the stays 26. At this time, even if the stay 26 blocks the progress of the dirt, it is first removed to the side by the rotating inclined plate 40, and then the space between the stays 26 is cleared by the action of the screw. This can prevent dirt from accumulating and causing blockages.The dirt passing between the stays 26 enters the cylindrical screen 3/.The main shaft 6' on the discharge port side of the stay 26 An inclined plate 4' is provided at the end of the winding prevention plate 7', so that any dirt that enters the cylindrical screen 37 is immediately axially directed toward the discharge port 2 by the action of the screw. Since it advances toward the direction, no stagnation occurs, and since a receiving space is actively formed, feeding by the inclined plate 40 is facilitated.
As a reliable method, the movement of garbage and the like within the device can be made smooth, and the effects of crushing and sorting work can be reliably achieved. As before, the debris that has entered the cylindrical screen 3' is crushed by impact and shear by the scraping plate 5' and the protrusions 47 while moving in the axial direction, and paper with intermediate strength is mainly disposed of in the screen. 3! They pass through the hole and fall into the chute 25' as a first group.

Furthermore, the remaining most ductile debris, e.g. metal,
Cylindrical screen 3' for plastic, rubber, wood, etc.
They pass through the dam plate 44 and enter the casing 23 from the outlet, are discharged as a first group from the discharge port 2, and are further sent to the next sorting process. Since the damming plates 46, 46', 47, and 47' are provided in the space through which the garbage passes, and the cross-sectional area of these portions is reduced, the garbage is dammed up and accumulates.

The larger the reduction rate of the cross-sectional area (the smaller the empty cross-sectional area), the longer the residence time, the more times the material will be crushed during that time, the greater the probability of being crushed, and the more effective the crushing effect will be.
Adjustment of this crushing effect is carried out on each dam plate 4 according to the quality of waste.
The residence time is adjusted by selecting the mounting position of 6, 46', 47, 47' and the reduction ratio, that is, selecting the radial height L or H.

When installing on screen 3, 3', screen 3
, 3' are used for attachment, so it is easy to attach at any position. Dam plates 46, 467 and 47,
477 may be used, or both may be used in combination. Moreover, a single or a plurality of them may be provided in one cylindrical screen. As the shape of the dam, a dam plate having a truncated conical surface having the main shafts 6, 6' as axes may be used.

By providing such dam plates 46, 46', 47, and 47', it is possible to increase the residence time of dust over the entire area in the axial direction of the screen.

Therefore, the residence time can be adjusted over a wide range. That is, the overall residence time can be adjusted by selecting the number of stages where damming plates are provided and selecting the magnitude of the damming force per stage. For example, FIG. 4 shows four stages and FIG. 5 shows three stages, but if the number of stages is reduced, the overall residence time will be reduced.
Also, if we look at the per step, for example, Fig. 4 A or B
For , increase/decrease in overlap amount, increase/decrease in axial pitch, increase/decrease in gap for C, increase/decrease in axial pitch for Fig. 5A, increase/decrease in number of gaps for B. In addition to adjusting the overall reduction rate of the cross section in both Figures 4 and 5, by increasing or decreasing the height L or H in the radial direction as described above, either singly or in combination, Adjust residence time. As described above, since the residence time can be adjusted using a large number of factors, it is possible to select the best residence time by changing the most suitable factors depending on the properties of the waste. Furthermore, it is possible to adjust not only the residence time of the entire screen but also only the residence time of any desired area, making it possible to carry out the desired optimal crushing and separation treatment in response to fluctuations in waste quality.

For example, paper becomes wet and easily breaks due to mixed debris, etc., and is easily crushed and discharged through the screen from a certain region in the longitudinal direction of the screen. When handling paper waste with a low moisture content, the strength of the paper increases, so it is less likely to be crushed, and the paper is discharged downstream from the previous one.
The classification accuracy in shoots 25 and 257 deteriorates. At this time, if various factors are changed so as to increase the residence time in the above-mentioned specific area, the crushing is sufficiently performed and the particles are discharged to the predetermined specific area, and the classification accuracy can be maintained. According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a crushing and sorting device for municipal waste, etc., which makes it possible to easily improve the crushing and sorting effect by adjusting the residence time according to the quality of the garbage, which has extremely great practical effects. It has the following.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The drawings relate to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1 is a sectional front view, FIGS. 2 and 3 are sectional views taken along line I-1 and J-J, and FIG. 4 is a developed view of the inner surface of the screen. FIG. 5 is a developed view seen from the outside when cut at a certain radius around the main axis. 1... Supply port, 2... Discharge port, 3,3
'...Screen, 4,4'...Protrusion, 5,57...Scraper, 6,6'...Main shaft, 7,77... ...Anti-wrapping plate, 8,8'...
...Passage, 14, 14'...Bearing, 15,
151...Pulley, 16...Feeding blade, 17, 18, 18'...Guide ring, 19
...Support roller, 20 ... Sprocket wheel, 21 ... Drive device, 22, 23.
...Casing, 24,247...Cover 25,25'...Chute, 26...
... Stay, 27 ... Housing, 28, 28
1... Bearing body, 29, 29/... Drive device, 32, 32! ...Guiding part, 40,4'
......Slanted plate, 41, 41'...Protrusion,
44... Dam plate, 45, 45'...
・End plate, 46, 46/ , 47, 47'...
...dam plate.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A cylindrical screen having a supply port and a discharge port and a projection on the inner surface of the circumference is rotatably or fixedly provided, and a scraper rotating inside the cylindrical screen is provided with a projection. In the crushing and sorting device, a crushing and sorting device is provided on a main shaft with a gap between the cylindrical screen and the main shaft, and a wrapping prevention plate is provided adjacent to the main shaft. 1. A crushing and sorting device for municipal waste, etc., characterized in that a weir is provided to reduce the cross-sectional area of the passage space for processed materials at a specific position in the axial direction before the final stage scraping plate. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the weir is provided on the inner surface of the cylindrical screen. 3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the weir is provided between the adjacent winding prevention plates. 4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the weir is a flat plate substantially perpendicular to the main axis. 5. The device according to claim 1, wherein the weir has a truncated conical shape with the main axis as its axis.