JPS59326A - Welding of solid particle - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a new method for fusing solid particles without the application of external heat, to a fusing machine based on such a principle, and to the products obtained. The meaning of the phrase "no external heat" means that the method may itself generate heat by converting energy, and therefore does not use direct heat from heating. The production of solid products starting from comminuted raw materials has relied on techniques that require the application of external heat.

According to the technology of metallurgy and widely used in the processing of plastic materials, the raw materials are melted in advance and then transformed into finished or semi-finished products. Such fusion techniques typically require high temperatures and thus consume large amounts of energy. Additionally, the use of high temperatures imposes many problems on the manufacturing of the equipment used.

Furthermore, the application of fusion operations to materials composed of various elements presents a limitation in that some materials are not evenly distributed, resulting in a non-homogeneous finished product.

Furthermore, the use of high temperatures does not make it possible to use sufficient amounts of highly volatile elements to try to improve the properties of the final product.

Powder metallurgy
by another method known under the name of
Pressure and temperature are applied simultaneously or successively to the raw material used to cause the raw material to agglomerate.

Although such techniques are advantageous in terms of energy consumption when used with metallic materials or non-metallic materials such as ceramics, compared to the use of high temperatures, they cannot be used indiscriminately with all materials. This method, called sintering, is thus limited to certain raw materials, in particular to raw materials where fusion cannot be used economically and/or industrially, and to certain specific applications. .

Raw materials that cannot be treated by sintering include, in particular, glass.

The present invention relates to ameliorating these various inconveniences and to a new method of fusing solid particles without external heating. This method involves subjecting the solid particles to the combined action of a pressure greater than 50 MPa and a shear gradient greater than 58-1 such that friction between the particles causes fusion. It is said that Furthermore, the present invention relates to fusing machines and products for use in such methods.

The novel fusion method of the present invention does not use external heat. Appropriate heat is generated by converting the mechanical energy of friction into thermal energy. Fusion also includes states close to fusion, such as pasty, softened, plasticized, or semi-fused.

The novel fusion process of the present invention has the great advantage of providing products with the physical properties produced by conventional fusion processes at temperatures much lower than the fusion temperatures of the raw materials used.

By solid particles is meant any inorganic and/or organic material which is capable of plasticizing, melting or deforming under the action of heat. These solid particles tend to generate gas in some cases. They may also react with each other to give homogenized products of fusion, such as glass materials.

These solid particles are in the form of particles, granules, grains, chips, spheres or powders in their comminuted state. Solid particles of all shapes and profiles are used, provided that, when subjected to the combined effects of high pressure and shear gradients, they provide sufficient frictional forces to cause fusion in the broad sense mentioned above.

The size of the solid particles is preferably between 100 μm and 1 m.
It can be done as m. To maximize contact points between particles,
A finer particle size is advantageous, as it facilitates more efficient conversion of mechanical frictional energy into thermal energy. Furthermore, the finer the solid particles, the more homogeneous the various materials used can be mixed. Obviously, homogeneous mixtures are advantageous for carrying out the process according to the invention, giving products with very homogeneous and regular properties and structure.

Inorganic solid particles that can be used according to the invention include, for example, vitreous materials, ceramic materials, metals, ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, alloys thereof, oxides thereof, salts thereof and mixtures thereof, alone. or may be mixed in any proportion.

Glassy materials include, for example, compositions used in the manufacture of glasses, such as traditional glasses.

Ceramic materials include traditional ceramics used in the manufacture of sanitary products as well as new ceramics such as metal carbides, nitrides and other metallic ceramics.

The materials used alone or in mixtures can be selected from the elements of Mendeleev's periodic table.

Nonferrous metals include, for example, copper, zinc, soot, antimony, aluminum, lead, and their alloys.

The solid particles may be alloys of various metals, particularly ferrous and non-ferrous metals, and may also include oxides of various metals. Additionally, salts and other compounds formed by cations and/or anions may be used. For example, cast iron, steel, stainless steel, special steel, bronze, brass-shaped alloys can be used. Examples of oxides include oxides of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, zinc, lead, zirconium, lithium, and the like.

The organic solid particles that can be used according to the invention can be
Must be softened, melted or hardened.

Organic materials satisfying such conditions include, inter alia, synthetic polymers, their alliages, and may be thermoplastic or thermosetting. Synthetic polymers include, inter alia, synthetic or artificial homopolymers, copolymers, chill polymers. Examples of synthetic polymers are polyamides, polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonates, polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, vinyl derivatives such as polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyacrylates and polymethacrylates and polyurethanes.

Synthetic polymers with high melting temperatures, which have many problems in conventional methods, can also be advantageously used in the present invention. Examples include polysulfones, polyethylene oxides and sulfides, and polyimides. These various polymers can be used in any proportion and may be supplemented with other compounds such as those used in the production of industrial composite plastic materials.

Mixtures composed of polymer mixtures formed by two and more than two compounds bound by intermolecular forces may also be used in accordance with the invention. For example, there are hybrids of acrylonitrile-citadiene-styrene (ABS), polygenyl chloride (PVO), polycarbonates, polyolefins, and thermosets bonded to elastomers and thermoplastics.

According to the invention, the solid particles are subjected to a combination of pressure greater than 50 MPa and shear gradient greater than 58-1 such that friction between the particles provides fusion.

In the first stage, the increasing pressure exerted on the particles is
It exerts a compressing and/or crushing action and brings closer contact between the particles.

In the second stage, the combined action of pressure and shear gradient produces a high frictional force, and adjacent sections on which the shear gradient acts cause fusion as a result of the high frictional force.

In the third stage, fusion progresses from one zone to another and extends throughout the particle. The molten mass thus obtained can be classified as Clark (OOulag8), Murazo (m
oulag θ), by extrusion or injection, and can be used cooled or directly to form finished or semi-finished products.

These six steps proceed in sequence, increasing the temperature, and then stabilizing the temperature to the working temperature. The equilibrium temperature obtained depends on the nature of the solid particles used and the operating conditions chosen. The temperature rise is always very rapid and self-adjustment usually occurs at the beginning of the third stage mentioned above.

Surprisingly, it has been found that the combined action of high pressure and shear gradient causes particle fusion to occur in a relatively short time at temperatures well below the melting temperature.

The table below shows operating conditions and temperatures for various materials. For comparison, the operating temperature when using the conventional method is also shown.

The materials used are shown below.

Currently used in glass products, Manufacture de Oristaux
du Ve, I 5aint Lambert
Crushed lead glass slate sold by (v, s,, l,).

914.94% zinc, 4% aluminum, 1
Polysulfone, a thermally stable UDFiL polymer of Zamak 0 Union 0 arbide, an alloy consisting of copper of 30% and 0.06% aluminum.

There is no particular theoretical basis to explain the fusion phenomenon at low temperatures. Although it is possible for mechanical friction energy to be replaced by heat energy, there is room for other energies to enter, and there is also room for physical and chemical energy to enter into the molecules and atoms present.

The following factors govern the generation temperature reaching equilibrium:

Size and shape of solid particles.

Properties of solid particles.

Pressure and shear gradients do not rule out the possibility that they give rise to partial temperatures corresponding to the fusion or pasting of the components present inside the mass formed by the solid particles. There is no evidence to prove or preclude such an assumption.

On the contrary, the overall energy budget of the operation of fusing solid particles without relying on external heat is very advantageous compared to known methods. Furthermore, according to the method of the present invention, v day L
For slate, the amount of energy required for melting is i, 5KWh.
/kg. In the traditional glass industry, it would take six times more energy to achieve the same result. Similarly, the use of p Zamak in combination with the method of the present invention is 0.4
9 is required for 8 KWh/. In traditional industries, on the other hand, the value is approximately four times higher.

Pressures in excess of 50 MPa must be exerted on the solid particles in order for the frictional forces exerted by shear on the various particles to be sufficient to cause fusion. This pressure □force increases the number of contact points between solid particles and improves the propagation of heat into the interior of the mass. Pressures above 50 MPa are advantageous;
The pressure is from 0 to 1000 MPa.

Typically the pressure is between 70 and 700 MPa. Generally, the pressure is chosen according to the raw materials used. The solid particles are brought into intimate contact such that friction, in combination with the shear gradient, causes the particles to fuse.

The shear gradient used in conjunction with the pressure according to the present invention is 58-
1 or more, preferably between 5 and 80008-1.

The shear gradient is measured according to the formula p (m) where the distance R from the center to the location where the shear gradient is measured is the maximum radius (m), and H is the distance between the two plates (7FL).

The action of pressure and the shear gradient on the solid particles may be simultaneous or non-simultaneous. Generally, after introducing a shear gradient inside a solid particle, pressure is gradually applied.

The invention is also directed to a machine for solid particle fusion.

This machine applies pressures exceeding 50 MPa and 5
It is characterized by processing particles in a closed space due to the combined action of shear gradients exceeding B-1. One plate and possibly 92 premates are rotated to create a gradient of shear. If two plates rotate, the directions of rotation can be the same or opposite. Pressure is applied to one plate or possibly two plates.

The fusion machine is particularly advantageous for mechanical and energetic reasons if one of the plates is rotated so that the pressure is transmitted via the other plate to the mass of solid particles in the enclosed space. at least one of the plates, at least one of which rotates and is adapted to provide a gradient of shear;
Under the pressure exerted on them, the plates approach each other and create friction between the solid particles that causes fusion. The solid particles are introduced in finely divided form by means of a feed pipe opening into the closed space. Once the entire closed space is filled with solid particles, the supply pipe is closed and pressure is applied to the entire particle mass to perform primary compression. Then, after removing the pressure, the plate is rotated to provide a shear gradient. Then, the pressure is gradually increased on the solid particles.

Pressurize with a hydraulic cylinder having at least one plate. In order to prevent excessive mechanical and electrical loads, the solid particles are first subjected to the action of a shear gradient by rotating at least one of the plates and then to the action of increasing pressure.

The process of fusion of particles present in the closed space of the machine takes place according to the six steps described above, with compression and/or collapse of the particles, induction of fusion and propagation. The fusion occurs at the part of the largest deviation, the claw 9, and the interface between the fixed part and the rotating part. In the case of a two-plate rotating fusion machine, the fusion starts from an area close to the two rotating plates and extends into the interior of the space.

The fusion machine includes two plates and a fixed or non-fixed cylinder of one of these plates to form a closed space, and a solid particle supply pipe opening into said space; It includes means for pressurizing at least one of the plates and means for rotating at least one of the plates.

The cylinder forms a closed space with the plate. The slider can be completely fixed to one of the plates. In that case, the entire rotational and/or translational motion of the plate is followed. For cylinder-0, the cylinder moves in translation relative to the plate.

The supply pipe of the solid particle reservoir has an orifice that opens into an enclosed space. This orifice is in a cylinder that forms part of the space. When the orifice is in the cylinder, it opens and closes by relative displacement of the cylinder with respect to one of the plates or by a closing system independent of the fusing machine. If orifices are provided in the plate, a closing system is provided independent of the fusion machine.

The means for pressurizing at least one of the plates may be of known type, for example a hydraulic machine.

Rotating at least one of the plates may be performed in any known manner. For example, there are motors coupled to transmissions and reducers. Solid particle coalescing machines without external heating can include molding, casting, injection and extrusion equipment. The device may be provided axially or radially.

Axial direction and pressure direction mean placing the device in a plane perpendicular to the direction in which pressure is applied.

The molding device is connected to the closed space by an injection pipe. The injection pipe is opened and closed by any known device apart from the fusion machine or by the movement of the cylinder relative to the plate.

In an axial arrangement, the molding device can be fixed to one of the plates. The opening and closing of the injection pipe is carried out by a separate device of known type. For example, using a pipe moving through an injection pipe.

The advantages of the method and the fusion machine based thereon that are the object of the invention are many. The method of the invention consumes much less total energy than conventional methods. Furthermore, it allows the use of all types of materials as mentioned above. Furthermore, it allows the use of materials that could not be used with conventional methods. With the method of the invention, processing times are sufficiently reduced to make it possible to process new materials containing components that are highly unstable at the temperatures normally used in conventional methods. The raw materials used can be very diverse and the process can be applied to all mixtures, so that different and new products of homogeneous structure are obtained. For example, there is selenium-doped glass. According to conventional glass fusion methods, 0.1 to 0.2 yen of selenium can be introduced. In the method of the present invention, up to 6 to 4 chips can be introduced without any problem.

If a compound is used in the mixture that generates gas upon application of temperature, the product will be a vesicular structure.

The method of the invention has many applications, in particular in the fields of metallurgy, the glass industry and electronics.

The invention may be better understood with the following non-limiting description of a fusion machine.

FIG. 1 schematically shows a fusion machine according to the invention.

FIG. 2 shows a fusing machine with diametrically forming forming devices.

FIG. 6 shows a fusion machine with a forming device in the axial direction.

In FIG. 1, the fusion machine includes two plates 1 and 2, the inner surfaces 3 and 4 of which constitute part of the wall of a closed space 5. In FIG. The cylinder 6, which may or may not be fixed to the plate, together with the plate constitutes a closed space 5 into which the solid particles are introduced in a feed pipe T, 8 opening into the closed space. The displacement gradient is provided by rotating at least one of the plates. When the two plates rotate, the directions of rotation may be the same or opposite. With known transmission means, at least one of the plates
Apply pressure to one or two sheets. Due to pressure, plate 1
The inner surfaces 3 and 4 of and 2 approach each other, closing the orifice 8 of the feed piston and the pressure and shear gradient acting simultaneously to fuse the particles present inside the closed space 5.

In FIG. 2, the fusion machine is in the operative position, the first
It contains the equipment shown in the figure. The plate 1 in this position closes the opening 8 of the supply pipe 7. moreover,
The fusing machine contains forming devices located diametrically.

It has an injection pipe 9 with an orifice 10 opening into a closed space 5. The injection pipe 9 opens at 11 into a device 12 for molding. This device is
It may contain one or more than one type.

The orifice 10 of the injection pipe 9 is opened by moving the cylinder 6 in the lateral direction.

FIG. 3 shows a fusion device as shown in FIG.

A molding device 12 is present here in the axial direction. The difference between this molding device and that shown in FIG. 2 is that the injection pipe 9 has an orifice 10.
, and its opening and closing are carried out by a device schematically shown as 13. This pipe opens at 11 into a molding device 12 . The opening/closing device 13 of the orifice 10 is independent of the fusion machine itself. Opening and closing is effected by a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder controlling the shaft that closes the orifice 10.

The method which is the object of the invention may be better understood by the following non-limiting examples.

Example 1 The fusion machine shown in Figure 3 is used.

The machine contains plate 1. While rotating, this also causes the cylinder 6 to rotate. However, it can be moved longitudinally relative to the cylinder. This machine has fixed plate 2
Also contains. It also contains a molding device and pressure is also applied to the plate 2. The material used is zinc powder with a particle size of 150 to 250 μm. The powder is fed into a space 5, which is closed by a supply pipe 7. to be introduced. Compress at a pressure of 72 MPa. Remove the pressure and set piston 1 and cylinder 6 to 1
Rotate at 00 revolutions/minute. It is 328-” into powder
gives the deviation gradient of Piston 2 applies a pressure of 72 MPa. At this time, the temperature rises and after 20 seconds, 180
Stabilizes at processing temperature of °C. The pressure is increased to 107 MPa and sent to a molding apparatus containing four tubular molds.

fused, completely homogeneous and of similar quality to traditional methods,
The energy required to inject into 4 molds is 0.44 K.
Wh/1 (lit. According to the conventional method, 6.18KW
h/kg.

Example 2 This example follows the principle of FIG. 6 and is as described in Example 1.

The procedure of Example 1 is used for polystyrene particles of 5 size.

The rotation of the piston 1 and the cylinder 6 gives a deviation gradient of 18B-1. The slope is different from Example 1 because the volume occupied by the polystyrene particles is larger than that of the zinc dust. Therefore, the distance between the two plates is made larger than in Example 1.

Therefore, the deviation gradient becomes smaller. After 15 seconds the temperature is 70
Stabilize at processing temperature of °C.

The energy consumption required to fuse and inject into 4 molds is 0.92 x wh/9. In the conventional method, 2.5K
Wh/time.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 schematically shows a fusion machine according to the invention. FIG. 2 shows a fusing machine with diametrically forming forming devices. FIG. 3 shows a fusion machine with a forming device in the axial direction. Agent: Akira Asamura Written amendment to a foreign name procedure (method) August 5, 1980 Mr. Commissioner of the Japan Patent Office 1 Indication of the case Patent Application No. 66838 of 1983 3 Relationship with the person making the amendment Special 11' 1 Applicant 4, Agent 5, Date of amendment order July 26, 1980 6, Number of inventions increased by amendment

Claims (9)

[Claims] (1) As fusion occurs due to friction between solid particles,
The solid particles are subjected to pressures above 5 Q MPa and 5 s-
A method for fusing solid particles without external heating, characterized by subjecting them to a shear gradient greater than 1. (2) characterized by being subjected to a pressure between 50 and 1000 MPa and a shear gradient of 5 to 8008-1;
The method described in item (1) above, wherein solid particles are fused without external heating. (3) The method described in (1) and (2) above, wherein the solid particles are inorganic and/or organic, and the solid particles are fused without external heating. (4) The solid particles are glass materials, ceramic materials, metal materials, ferrous materials, non-ferrous materials, alloys thereof,
(1) for fusing solid particles without external heating, characterized by being an inorganic material selected from oxides thereof, salts thereof and mixtures thereof;
) to (3). (5) The solid particles are synthetic polymers, hybrids thereof (
from (1) to (3) above, characterized in that the organic material is selected from
) A method of fusing solid particles without using external heating, as described in the preceding sections. (6) externally characterized in that the solid particles are subjected to the combined action of a pressure greater than 5 Q MPa and a shear gradient greater than 56-1 between two plates, at least one of which rotates; A machine that fuses solid particles without using heat. (7) Fusing occurs due to friction between particles when subjected to the combined action of pressure applied to at least one of the two plates and a shear gradient resulting from rotation of at least one of those plates. A machine for fusing solid particles without external heating, as described in item (6) above. (8) two plates, a cylinder fixed to the plates or not for forming a closed space, a supply pipe for solid particles opening into the closed space, and at least one of the plates; of solid particles without external heating according to items (6) and (7) above, characterized by comprising means for pressurizing the plates and means for rotating at least one of the plates. fusion device. (9) The solid particles described in items (6) to (8) above, characterized in that they include molding, casting (Courage and Mulage), injection and extrusion equipment, and are not subject to external heating. fusion device. 0q The device for fusing solid particles without external heating, as described in item (9) above, characterized in that the molding device is arranged in the axial direction or the radial direction.