JPS5932623A - Gas turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To facilitate increasing the capacity of a gas turbine, by a method wherein a fuel and liquid air are simultaneously injected into a combustion chamber, are mixed and brought into combustion, and the resultant high-pressure high-temperature gas is used as a driving fluid for a gas turbine. CONSTITUTION:Air taken in from the atmosphere through an air intake port 1 is liquefied by an air liquefier 8. Since liquid air is rapidly expanded through evaporation when the temperature thereof exceeds the boiling point thereof, when liquid air discharged from the liquefier 8 into the combustion chamber 4 is injected as it is in the liquid state and is brought into combustion by mixing with a fuel injected into the chamber 4 through a fuel nozzle 3, not only the expansion through evaporation due to the combustion of the fuel but also the rapid expansion due to evaporation of liquid air occur simultaneously, a gas of an extremely high pressure can be obtained, whereby the gas turbine is driven. Since liquid air deprives heat of evaporation of 50kcal/kg when being evaporated, the temperature the combustion gas becomes lower than that in a conventional case by about 1,000 deg.C. Accordingly, increasing of the capacity of the gas turbine is facilitated.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] The present invention relates to gas turbines.

Gas turbine G, 41, condenses air and heats it;
The generated vortex (+6) is used to agitate the turbine with pressure gas, which is the difference between the turbine output and the compressor drive horsepower, or the difference between the turbine output and the compressor drive horsepower, and the output is extracted and used for generators and machinery. Monthly lu・ru on the ward car +).

The basic elements constituting a gas turbine are a compressor, a combustor, and a turbine. The present invention relates to an improvement of the compressor in these devices.

Turbines that convert the thermal energy of high-temperature, high-pressure gas into power are constructed of two or three stages. In modern gas turbines that require high efficiency, the compressor is operated at a
Because it uses rows of 1-20 rows without 5 rows,
It has an extremely complex structure. The rotor blades are directly exposed to high-temperature, high-pressure combustion gas, and are subjected to strong stress due to centrifugal force due to rotation.

After finishing the Kubin work, the gas is still at 500° (2~70°).
It has a high temperature of 0°C and is normally released into the atmosphere as is.

FIG. 1 shows a structural system of a conventional open cycle gas turbine, and FIG. 2 shows an example of a conventional gas turbine σ) structural outline.

In FIGS. 1 and 2, 1 is an air intake, 2 is a multi-stage compressor, 3 is a fuel nozzle, 4 is a combustion chamber, 5 is a turbine,
6 is an exhaust gas [], and 7 is a generator. Regarding the effect of the structure, please refer to the detailed elucidation of the present invention to be described later in Ino 1.
4 self 1r.

Conventional gas turbines suffer from the following drawbacks.

a. Commercial temperature combustion gas is the working fluid, and since there is no material H that can withstand it sufficiently, the local Hg1B cooling system is adopted, but it is still less reliable than C in terms of long-term safe operation.

1), multi-stage machinery is required, and the cross section of the older brother's effect determined from the characteristics of the air in the 01c moving body is pitifully thin, (i
It lacks reliability. If the air suction side, that is, the wing near the 1st or 2nd stage of the 11-material white aircraft is blown away (710
That debris mold! 1! Since the 111st lower female stage is trapped by II air, in such an accident, the entire compressor is destined to be exposed to 1γ.

C. JIF gas is still at room temperature, so the so-called 7. ) According to the second law of thermodynamics, the temperature of a low heat source is still large, so there is room for improvement.

``Kilight'' is a drawback of conventional illusions such as u2'aE'='f
f: This is proposed as a solution, and unexploded 9J is shown in Figure 3.
will be described in detail below using FIGS. 1 and 2 as f-F.

In the cast turbine of the present invention, the conventional multi-stage compressor 2 is replaced with an air liquefaction device 8 shown in FIG.

That is, conventionally, multi-stage compression (% 2 K suction is carried out from the atmosphere through the air intake port 1, the pressure is increased to about 10 atmospheres, and then sent into the combustion chamber 4, where it is mixed with liquid fuel such as heavy oil injected from the fuel nozzle 3. It was burning.

In the gas turbine according to the invention, air sucked in from the atmosphere via the air intake 1 is liquefied by the air culture device 8 . (In other words, liquefying air is equivalent to compressing it to an infinitesimal level, and it is characterized by the fact that by evaporating liquid air, air in the gas phase at an infinitesimal pressure can be obtained.

When the temperature of liquid air exceeds its boiling point, it evaporates and undergoes rapid expansion. Therefore, the liquid air coming out of the air liquefaction device 7 is injected into the combustion chamber 4 in its pure phase, and the air is also evaporated from the fuel nozzle 3. When the fuel injected into the combustion chamber 4 is mixed and combusted, not only vaporization and expansion due to the combustion of the fuel but also rapid expansion due to the evaporation of the liquid air occur at the same time, resulting in an extremely high pressure gas. , can be driven.

The temperature of liquid air is below zero 190'c, and the temperature of liquid air is ca.
1. When evaporating, 50/9 of the heat of vaporization is taken away, so the combustion gas becomes about 1000 degrees Celsius lower than that of the conventional method.

This facilitates the large-scale construction of gas turbines for the following reasons.

21. Attendance, the 11-valley stress of the stationary blade increases, so
Long-term university students can be hired.

b. Since the specific gravity of the combustion gas increases, more working fluid can be applied to a blade row of the same size, and the amount of work per unit flow path can be increased.

The limitation on the maximum output due to the extreme constraints of the C1 raw air compressor is eliminated.

(), the multi-stage air FLm @, which occupied about 2/3 of the total length of the conventional gas turbine, has been eliminated, and the air liquefaction device 8 has been replaced with a single shaft as a double-flow or four-flow blade cascade. It is easy to configure.

The above-mentioned air indoctrination devices I-i and 8 may be based on conventional technology, and in recent years, helium liquefaction devices for the FD Choryujin circuit have been particularly useful.

When injecting fuel and liquid air into the combustion chamber for mixed combustion, a pilot torch or constant discharge ignition device is required to maintain stable combustion over a wide load range due to the low combustion temperature. .

Furthermore, in this case, some time is required for mixed combustion of liquid fuel and liquid air, and the total length of the combustor is 1-, j knee J
-There is a need. An expansion turbine stage may be provided between the gas-liquefaction device 8 and the combustion chamber 4, and in this case, a conventional combustion chamber 4 is sufficient.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing the configuration of a conventional open cycle gas turbine, FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the conventional gas turbine, and FIG. 3 is a system diagram showing the configuration of the present invention. 1... Air intake, 2... Multi-stage compressor, 3... Fuel nozzle, 4... Fuel 'Elf: To, 5... Turbine, 6... U
1 air outlet, 7... generator, 8... air indoctrination device.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A gas turbine characterized by simultaneously injecting fuel and liquid air into a combustion chamber and mixing and burning them to produce a high-pressure, high-temperature gasket driving fluid. 2, 7 (Body air is led to an expansion turbine, where it is evaporated and expanded to do work.The monthly air is led to a combustion chamber, where it is mixed with 1g of fuel and burned in the combustion chamber.)
) A gas turbine with Kokoto as its main character.