JPS5928079A - Refrigerating method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve the lubricating and cooling performance, by admixing a lubricant consisting of a particular carboxylate compounded with an aliphatic acid to a coolant consisting of a chlorinated fluoric hydrocarbon circulated in a refrigerating cycle, and feeding a part of the coolant to an oil feed port of a compressor. CONSTITUTION:A refrigerating cycle is constituted by connecting a compressor 1, a condenser 2, a liquid receiver 3, a solenoid valve 16, an expansion valve 4 and a dry type evaporator 5 in the manner of forming a loop, and a branch pipe is branched from a portion of a high-pressure liquid pipe 15 located between the liquid receiver 3 and the solenoid valve 16. The branch pipe has a solenoid valve 20 and a temperature sensitive type automatic flow-rate control valve 21 at its intermediate portions, and the branch pipe is connected to an oil feed port 22 of the compressor 1. Further, a pocket 30 is formed at an intermediate portion of a suction gas pipe 17, and a lubricant intake pipe 35 extended from a lubricant reservoir 33 is connected to an ejector 31 disposed in the vicinity of a suction port 18. As the coolant, it is preferable to use one consisting of a chlorinated fluoric hydrocarbon mixed with a lubricant obtained by admixing an aliphatic acid having 10-20 of carbon atoms to a carboxylate having 16-60 of carbon atoms.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a refrigeration method, and relates to a means for lubricating a compressor inserted into a refrigeration or heat pump cycle.

[Technical burden of the invention and its problems]

Conventionally, lubricating oil is used for the sliding parts of the rotating shaft and piston of compressors used in refrigeration or heat pump cycles, but in order to remove this lubricating oil from the refrigerant, K is shown in Figure 1, for example. Compressor (1), coagulation #l
? i device (2), liquid receiver (3;, expansion valve (41), evaporator (
5) In a refrigeration cycle consisting of a discharge gas pipe (6)
An oil separator (sword) is installed in the middle of the refrigerant to separate oil from the refrigerant, and the separated oil pipe (8) returns it to the lubricating part of the pressure vessel (11). Separator (
7) Gear type oil pump (9) and oil discharge filter 00
), oil suction filter OA, oil cooler old).

Hydraulic pressure gauge, sight glass, control valve, hydraulic protection ik [F
t, crank heater, oil piping and other equipment for circulating oil, and cooling water distribution for oil cooler θυ +14? etc., and a suitable amount of oil reservoir (inside the crankcase (12)).
There was also the problem that the compressor (1;) had to become larger in order to make ~1;~.Furthermore, refrigerants such as chlorofluorinated hydrocarbons (Shinkai Freon) are easily exposed to purified oil, and the However, the separation in the l1lL vessel (7) is not complete, and the lubricating oil is attached to the condenser (2) and evaporator (5), reducing heat transfer efficiency, especially in the low-temperature evaporator. However, there was a drawback that the oil had a high viscosity and could easily adhere to the inside of the coil, greatly reducing heat exchange efficiency.

[Purpose of the invention]

In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides carbon a1 instead of lubricating oil.
10 to 60 carbon atoms dissolved in 6 to 60 carboxylic acid ester
20 fatty acids are dispersed in a chlorofluorinated hydrocarbon refrigerant,
A part of this refrigerant is branched from the middle of the refrigerant circulation path and supplied to the oil supply part of the compressor, and the fatty acid is adsorbed to the lubricating part of the compressor. The low viscosity of the mixture allows KL to resist adhesion to the condenser and evaporator and prevent heat exchange, and the fatty acids dissolved in the carboxylic acid ester and dispersed in the refrigerant form fine nuclei that form in the refrigerant. The aim is to accelerate the boiling of the refrigerant in the evaporator by dispersing K into the evaporator.

[Summary of the invention]

The present invention uses a chlorinated fluorinated hydrocarbon refrigerant circulating in a refrigeration or heat pump cycle equipped with a compressor with a carbon number of 1
A lubricant containing a carboxylic acid ester having 6 to 60 carbon atoms and a fatty acid having 10 to 20 carbon atoms is mixed, and a part of the refrigerant containing this lubricant is branched from the refrigerant circulation path to the oil hole of the front Ili self-compacting compressor. By adsorbing AtI fatty acids on the lubricating part of the compressor and evaporating the refrigerant and returning it to the refrigerant circuit, the fatty acids dispersed in the refrigerant are removed from the refrigerant circuit together with the refrigerant of the compressor. It is designed to provide lubrication to the oil supply area. Furthermore, the present invention attempts to draw the lubricant accumulated in the compressor into the refrigerant circulation path by the ejector action of the suction gas pipe.

[Embodiments of the invention]

Next, the present invention will be explained in detail.

Figures 1 and 2 show an example of the device.

Compressor (1), discharge gas pipe (6), condenser (2)
), liquid receiver (31, high pressure liquid pipe o pier, solenoid valve OQ, expansion valve (4), dry evaporator (5), suction gas pipe aη, suction port Q
IH? : A refrigeration cycle is constructed, and the branch liquid pipe 01 branched from the middle of the high-pressure liquid pipe □9 is connected to a tilting solenoid valve (
The oil supply hole (2) of the compressor fil is connected to the oil supply hole (2) through the temperature-type automatic flow rate adjustment valve αυ (or temperature-type automatic expansion valve). , piston, mechanical seal, etc.@Groove part c
l! It is distributed to ill. Furthermore, a pocket is formed in the middle of the suction gas pipe aD, and a lubricant reservoir (2h from 331) is placed in the ejector 6υ formed near the suction port.
, A lubricant suction pipe field having a solenoid valve QD is communicated with the lubricant suction pipe in the middle of the discharge, so that the lubricant is sucked into the suction gas pipe 07).

The chlorinated butomerated hydrocarbon refrigerant that circulates in the above refrigeration cycle is CHC, which is commercially available under the trade name Freon.
IF2, CCl2F, CCI, F-CCl2F, etc. are used.

A solution of a fatty acid having 10 to 20 carbon atoms in a carbon ester is used, and the blending ratio of refrigerant and lubricant is 85/15 to 99/I in terms of heavy weight ratio. When the blending ratio of lubricant to refrigerant exceeds 15φ, the condenser (2) and evaporator (5)
), the lubricant (IAi'lt agent) adsorbed on the vessel wall interferes with heat exchange.If the lubricant is less than 1 tch, the lubricating effect on the lubricating part E of the compressor (11) will be insufficient.In addition, the carboxylic acid ester The amount of dissolved fatty acids in the evaporator (5) is 96/4 to 99.981002 in weight ratio.In this case as well, when the fatty acid 1J ratio exceeds 4%, the fatty acids precipitate on the inner wall of the evaporator (5), reducing the heat exchange efficiency. decreases.Also 00
If it is less than 2%, the lubricating effect will be insufficient.

Carboxylic acid esters having 16 to 60 carbon atoms dissolve fatty acids having 10 to 20 carbon atoms in chlorinated fluorinated hydrocarbons, and therefore act as carriers to disperse fatty acids in the refrigerant. It becomes possible to transport it by means of transportation. In addition, carboxylic acid esters having 16 to 60 carbon atoms themselves have f4c lubricating properties, so when they adhere to metals in lubricated parts, they do not interfere with the gamma-closing action of fatty acids (and have low adhesive strength). Therefore, it resists adhesion to condensers, evaporators, and other pipe walls 1 and does not interfere with heat exchange or cause other problems. Examples of the above carbon branched esters include diisodecyl adipate [C1oH2, C00(CH
2), C00C,, H2,), etc. are used.

A fatty acid having 10 to 20 carbon atoms dissolved in a carboxylic acid ester having 16 to 60 carbon atoms is dispersed in the refrigerant liquid, and -coo
n is adsorbed on the metal surface of the lubricated part and acts as a lubricant. In addition, odor in the condenser, evaporator, and piping (even when adsorbed, it is in the form of fine particles, and conventional lubricating oil) is more dense than in wells, reducing heat exchange efficiency and hindering the flow of refrigerant. It will not cause any trouble. In addition, in Yangba, where the evaporator (5) is a liquid-filled type, fine particles of fatty acids in the lubricant, which have become fine particles due to the low temperature in the evaporator (5), become boiling nuclei. ) to prevent the supercooling phenomenon in which boiling does not occur when the evaporation temperature drops by the same amount as the evaporation temperature. As the fatty acid having 10 to 20 carbon atoms, for example, stearic acid is used.

The aforementioned lubricant dissolved or dispersed in the aforementioned chlorinated hydrocarbon refrigerant is introduced into the refrigeration cycle shown in Figure 2, and the refrigerant compressed and discharged by the compressor (1) is passed through the condenser (2).
) and condensed. At this time, since there is no oil separator in the middle, the lubricant dispersed in the refrigerant is introduced into the condenser (2) as it is together with the refrigerant, but like lubricating oil, it adheres to the pipe wall of the condenser (2). It does not interfere with heat exchange. Next, the condensed refrigerant is stored in the receiving liquid @% (3),
The high-pressure liquid is sent to the evaporator (5) through the expansion valve (41) in the high-pressure liquid pipe (formerly). Even in the evaporator (5), the lubricant in the refrigerant may adhere to the pipe wall and interfere with heat exchange. Furthermore, the fact that it adsorbs and adheres to the pipe wall thinly has the effect of preventing rust.The evaporated refrigerant gas is introduced into the compressor (11), where it is compressed again and circulated. A lubricant made of fatty acids is sucked into the compressor (1) together with the gas.

In addition, the high-pressure liquid W (151) is branched from the middle of the pipe to the branch liquid pipe ■, and the flow W of the high-pressure liquid containing the lubricant is adjusted in the middle and compressed 4.
fi (It is injected into the oil supply hole (221) of 11, and the pressure of the high-pressure liquid is distributed to the lubricating parts such as the bearings, cylinders, and mechanical seals of the compressor (1), and the lubricant (fatty acid) dispersed in the liquid is The fatty acids in the lubricant are adsorbed to the friction metal surfaces by adsorption bonding with the gold maple of these lubricating portions Ql, and have a lubricating effect.The refrigerant introduced into the friction surfaces with the lubricant It evaporates due to frictional heat, is released from the internal pressure of the low-pressure side crankcase of the compressor fil through gaps between the bearings and cylinders, is compressed again together with the sucked low-pressure gas, and returns to the refrigeration cycle.

In addition, the lubricant consisting of carboxylic acid ester and fatty acid accumulated at the bottom of the crankcase C34 is used in the intake gas pipe (171
It is sucked into the ejector 6υ installed in the middle of the fluid, and the suction gas pipe Q? +, and joins the refrigeration cycle together with the intake gas.

Next, an example of a combination of a refrigerant, a carboxylic acid ester, and a fatty acid will be given.

Freon 22 CCHCl2F) 95 (m
1 part) Diisodecyl adipate 4.95 (#
) Stearic acid 0.05 (#
) Next, Figure 3 in Part 3 shows a device showing another embodiment, in which two liquid separators C are connected to the front of the expansion valve (4) of the high-pressure liquid pipe 0ω, and the low-pressure liquid drawn out from this liquid separator LE '#! (′!J
When inserting the liquid pump (2) in the middle, branch off the end of the rCM pump (2 (a)), and install a solenoid valve (crystal) and a temperature-type automatic meteor adjustment valve (21+ (or temperature-type automatic expansion valve) in the middle).
A branch liquid pipe Q91 is introduced into the compressor (11) through the
In the middle, the flooded evaporator (5) K is connected via the flow M adjustment valve (2).
Connected low-pressure liquid pipe c! 6) is formed. Furthermore, the liquid gas m4 led out from the evaporator (5) is transferred to the gas phase part of the hydraulic separator, and the suction gas pipe u71 led out from this gas phase part is transferred to the compressor (II). It is communicated.

The low-pressure refrigerant containing lubricant in the liquid separator C4 is then pumped from the low-pressure liquid pipe C23) to the branch liquid pipe QIK by liquid bomber leakage, and is injected into the oil supply hole Q of the compressor (1) via the flow control valve QO. It is further distributed to bearings and other lubricated parts CHI. In addition, the liquid containing the n1 lubricant pumped by the liquid feed pipe C2Q and the liquid pump c24 is introduced into the evaporator (5), where the fatty acids that become fine particles in the low-temperature evaporator (5) become boiling nuclei. Evaporation is promoted, and both the liquid and the F4 lubricant are introduced into the liquid separator C4 through the liquid-gas mixing pipe CD, and the gas separated here is returned to the compressor (
1), and the liquid and lubricant are sent to the oil supply hole (2) of the compressor (1) and the evaporator (5) by a liquid pump f24).

Note that the other configurations and functions are the same as those of the embodiment shown in Figure 2.

Furthermore, although the method for lubricating the compressor of the refrigeration cycle has been described above, the method of lubricating the compressor of the heat pump cycle is performed in the same manner. Further, in the above embodiments, the compressor is of a reciprocating type, but the present invention can also be applied to other types of compressors such as screw type, turbo type, and rotary type.

〔Effect of the invention〕

According to the present invention, the chlorinated fluorinated hydrocarbon refrigerant circulating in the refrigeration or heat pump cycle has carbon atoms of 10 to 20.
carboxylic acid ester with 16 to 60 carbon atoms vc
The dissolved lubricant was dispersed, and a part of the refrigerant in which the lubricant was dissolved or dispersed was branched from the refrigerant lubricating path and introduced into the oil supply section of the compressor of the refrigeration or heat pump cycle. Since the fatty acid dispersed in the refrigerant as a carrier is adsorbed to the metal of lubricated parts such as bearings and cylinders and has a lubricating effect, there is no need to create and use a special 1N8Il oil circuit as in the past.

In addition, carboxylic acid esters having 16 to 60 carbon atoms have 1 carbon number.
Since the fatty acids of 0 to 20 are compatible with the chlorofluorinated hydrocarbon refrigerant, the fatty acids are in a dissolved state ↑ dispersed in the refrigerant. Therefore, unlike conventional lubricating oils, the lubricating oil does not become thickly attached to the condenser, evaporator, or the stomach wall of the evaporator, thereby interfering with heat transfer during heat exchange. For this reason, there is no problem even if the lubricant is mixed in the refrigerant circulation system and circulated, so conventionally used for removing lubricating oil, oil separators, oil coolers, filters, pumps, hydraulic pipes, hydraulic maintenance, etc. There is no need to install a separate refrigerant circulation path for testing equipment, a series of piping for oil separation, etc.
Refrigeration or heat pump equipment can be simplified by 11JK. Furthermore, the refrigerant transferred from the lubricant oil supply part to the metal friction part of the compressor evaporates due to the frictional heat of the friction part, and the latent heat of evaporation serves to remove the generated heat, and the gas returns to the refrigerant circulation path. Since the refrigerant is returned, the refrigerant serving as a lubricant carrier is not consumed, and the J41 rubbing portion is cooled by evaporation of the refrigerant. In addition, in the evaporator, fine particles of fatty acids having 10 to 20 carbon atoms dispersed in the refrigerant act as nuclei and promote the boiling of the refrigerant, and the retardation of evaporation due to supercooling of the refrigerant, that is, the evaporation temperature decreases. It is possible to prevent a phenomenon in which the freezing effect does not improve.

Furthermore, carboxylic acid esters having 16 to 60 carbon atoms can dissolve fatty acids having 10 to 20 carbon atoms, and are also compatible with chlorinated butomerated hydrocarbons. It can be dispersed in water and transported smoothly using a refrigerant.

Next, the refrigerant containing the lubricant introduced into the case of the compressor from the caking oil part and supplied to the lubricating part evaporates due to frictional heat and becomes gas, which is sucked together with the suction gas, and the excess lubricant is removed by suction. Although it is trapped in the crankcase, it is sucked into the low-pressure side by the ejector action of the refrigerant circulation path, so both the refrigerant and lubricant can be circulated and used without being consumed.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is a flow sheet diagram of a conventional refrigeration system, Figure 2 is
・Figure 8 is a flow sheet diagram of a different refrigeration system used to carry out the present invention, and Figures 3 and 4 are explanatory diagrams of the lubricating part of a reciprocating pressure transporter. (1+...Compressor, tZ21...Oil supply hole, Q(2)...
Lubrication part.

Claims (1)

[Claims] (Chlorinated butomerated hydrocarbon refrigerant K circulating in a refrigeration or heat pump cycle equipped with 11 compressors, carbon number 16 to
A lubricant containing 60 carboxylic acid esters and a fatty acid having 10 to 20 carbon atoms is mixed, and a part of the refrigerant containing this lubricant is branched from the refrigerant circulation path. A refrigeration method comprising the steps of: 1j placing four people in the oil supply hole of the compressor, absorbing the moisture of the compressor into the heel portion to adsorb the fatty acids, and evaporating the refrigerant and returning it to the refrigerant circulation path; . (2) The ratio of refrigerant and lubricant is 85/15 ~
The ratio of carboxylic acid ester with carbon number of 16 to 60 and fatty acid with carbon number of IQ to 2o is 96/1 in terms of weight ratio.
/4 to 99.98/0.02, the freezing method according to claim 1, gh. (31 carboxylic acid ester is diisodecyl adipate,
The freezing method according to Claims j and JJ, characterized in that the fatty acid is stearic acid. (4) A chlorinated fluorohydrocarbon refrigerant circulating in a refrigeration or heat pump cycle equipped with a compressor contains 1 carbon water.
A lubricant containing a carboxylic acid ester having 6 to 60 carbon atoms and a fatty acid having 1θ to 20 carbon atoms is mixed, and a part of the refrigerant containing this lubricant is branched from the refrigerant circulation path and supplied to the oil supply hole of the compressor. Then, the fatty acid is adsorbed on the lubricated part of the compressor, and the refrigerant is evaporated and returned to the refrigerant circuit, and the lubricant accumulated in the compressor is transferred to the refrigerant suction side of the refrigerant circuit. A refrigeration method characterized by sucking refrigerant into a circulation path by an ejector action.