JPS5925760A - Blood purifying apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a blood purification device that separates blood into blood cell components and plasma components, and then separates and purifies harmful polymeric substances contained in the plasma components.

Hereinafter, the separation of blood into blood cell components and plasma components will be referred to as plasma separation, and the separation of harmful polymer substances from the separated plasma components will be referred to as plasma purification. Also, plasma processing and blood purification are generic terms for these.

Recently, plasma exchange or two-stage filtration plasma processing has been widely used for immune diseases, fulminant hepatitis, renal diseases, and the like.

Plasma exchange uses a centrifugal plasma separator or membrane plasma separator to separate blood into blood cell components and plasma components, discarding the plasma components containing harmful polymeric substances and replacing them with fresh plasma or substitute plasma. This is a method of purifying blood by doing so.

On the other hand, in two-stage filtration plasma processing, blood is first separated into blood cell components and plasma components by the first-stage membrane plasma separator, and then
This method purifies the blood by introducing the plasma components to a second-stage membrane plasma purification device and separating harmful polymeric substances contained in the plasma components.

However, each of these methods has major drawbacks. In the former case, in order to replace the separated plasma components containing harmful macromolecular substances with new plasma or substitute plasma,
Requires large amounts of new plasma or plasma replacement. Therefore, not only is the treatment cost high, but it is also extremely difficult to secure new plasma or substitute plasma, which tends to be in short supply.

In the latter case, in the second stage of membrane purification of plasma, it is necessary to separate beneficial albumin from harmful macromolecular substances such as immune complexes, but the pore size of the second stage membrane is extremely small. As a result, the membrane becomes clogged with the giant polymeric substance, and the separation performance of the membrane decreases rapidly in a short period of time.

In particular, during the second stage of membrane purification of plasma, in continuous cooling plasma purification in which plasma is cooled to around 0 to 6°C and the cryogel contained in the plasma is separated, it is important to avoid clogging of the membrane due to the cooling gel. This results in extremely significant deterioration in membrane performance.

As mentioned above, the commonly performed plasma exchange and 2
Both stage-filtered plasma treatments have major drawbacks.

Therefore, the present inventors have conducted extensive studies to improve the drawbacks of the conventional methods described above, and have arrived at the present invention. That is, after separating blood into blood cell components and plasma components, the plasma components are introduced into a centrifuge, and the centrifuge is heated at a temperature within the centrifugation chamber of 10°C or less, or 0 to 6°C when separating a cooled gel.
The centrifugal bowl has a plasma component inlet and a plasma component outlet, and has a structure that allows blood to continuously flow into the centrifugal bowl and plasma components to continuously flow out. In addition, if necessary, the plasma component outlet circuit is equipped with a foreign object detector to detect the outflow of harmful polymer substances, and the blood inlet circuit of the centrifuge is equipped with a cleaning circuit supply port and the plasma component outlet circuit is equipped with a cleaning circuit. It was discovered that if the circuit is equipped with a drainage port, harmful polymeric substances contained in plasma components can be effectively separated.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a blood purification device that can effectively separate harmful polymeric substances, particularly immune complexes or cooling gels, from plasma components separated from blood.

In order to achieve this object, the blood purification device according to the present invention includes a blood collection means for continuously collecting blood, and a method for separating the collected blood into a blood cell component and a plasma component to remove harmful substances contained in the plasma component. In a blood purification device consisting of a plasma purification means for removing molecular substances, a means for mixing purified plasma components and blood cell components, and a blood return means for returning the mixed purified blood, The present invention is characterized in that a centrifuge with a centrifugation chamber temperature of 10° C. or lower is used as a means for removing harmful polymer substances.

Furthermore, in the blood purification device, if the temperature in the centrifugation chamber is around 0 to 6°C, the chilled gel can be effectively separated even during continuous cooling plasma purification.

Further, the blood purification device has a structure that allows blood to continuously flow into a centrifugal bowl provided in the centrifuge and plasma components to continuously flow out, and a polymer substance is provided in an outlet circuit for the plasma components. It is preferable to include a foreign object detector for detecting outflow.

Furthermore, it is preferable that the blood inlet circuit of the centrifuge is provided with a washing circuit supply port, and the plasma component outlet circuit is provided with a washing circuit drain port.

As is clear from the explanations up to this point, centrifuges have traditionally been used as plasma separation devices to separate blood into blood cell components and plasma components. The device is not used at all. This is because centrifugal plasma separators or centrifugal plasma purifiers are expensive, and it is difficult to connect them continuously with plasma separators. I think that the idea for plasma purification did not come from the concept. The present inventors abandoned this conventional preconception and arrived at the present invention based on a completely new idea.

By using a centrifuge as a plasma purification device as in the present invention, the process of separating harmful polymer substances, mixing them with the previously separated blood cell components, and then returning the blood can be automated. This made it possible to construct a blood purification device.

Furthermore, there is no need to worry about replacing new plasma or substitute plasma, which was a problem with plasma exchange, and the problem of clogging of the second stage in two-stage filtered plasma processing can now be solved.

In addition, the cooling gel in continuous cooling plasma purification can be separated without any problems.

Embodiments of the blood purification device according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a system diagram of an embodiment of a blood purification device according to the present invention. Blood collected from the tube 1 and blood collection pump is led to a plasma separator 3 and separated into blood cell components and plasma components. The plasma separator 3 may be either a membrane plasma separator comprising a filtration vortex membrane module or a centrifugal plasma separator using a centrifugal bowl.

The blood cell components separated by the plasma separator 3 flow into a tube 4, while the separated plasma components are sent by the plasma pump 2 through tubes 5 and 7 to a centrifugal bowl 9 built into a centrifuge 8. The centrifugal bowl 9 is rotated at a predetermined number of revolutions, but the number of revolutions varies depending on the harmful polymer substance to be separated. Usually 1,500-6,000G preferably 2
, 500 to 4,000G is optimal.

Harmful polymeric substances in the centrifuged plasma accumulate in the centrifuge bowl 9. Only purified plasma components are taken out from tube 10 and passed through tube 14 to mixer 15.
After being mixed with the previously separated blood cell components, the blood is returned from the blood return pump 16 and tube 17.

When using a centrifugal bowl 9 with a small internal volume, when using the centrifugal bowl 9 for a long time, or when using it for a patient with a particularly large amount of polymeric substances, the separated polymeric substances are stored in the tube 10. The tube 10, which is the exit circuit for plasma components, is used as a safety device to detect the leakage of plasma components into the bloodstream and to prevent harmful polymer substances from returning to the patient.
, 12 is preferably provided with a foreign object detector 11 for detecting a polymer substance. When the foreign object detector 11 detects a foreign object, it turns off the blood collection pump 2, plasma pump 6, and electromagnetic valve 13 using an electric signal or the like.

Figure 2 shows an optical foreign object detector, (a) is a top view, (b)
is a front view. Of course, there is no problem in using an ultrasonic type, a capacitance type, etc. A tube (not shown) is set in a tube guide 25 provided in the block 24, and a light emitter 26 and a light receiver 27 are provided at right angles to the tube guide 25, and are configured to emit an electric signal when a foreign object is detected. There is. (The shielding lid is not shown) When the inside of the centrifuge bowl 9 is set in the centrifuge, if it is necessary to clean harmful polymer substances accumulated in the centrifuge bowl, stop the blood collection pump 2 and plasma pump 6. On the other hand, by turning the solenoid valve 13 "OFF" and turning the washing pump 18 and the solenoid valves 20 and 22 "ON", the washing liquid such as saline flows from the tube 19 through the tube 7 and into the centrifugal bowl 9. , centrifugal bowl 9
Flush away harmful polymer substances inside the tube 7 and solenoid valve 2.
2 and tube 23. Cleaning can be performed using a process changeover switch or a timer (neither is shown).

When purifying plasma components, it is desirable that the separation chamber of the centrifuge 8 and therefore the centrifugal bowl 9 be kept at a temperature of usually 10° C. or lower to prevent functional deterioration of the plasma. Further, in the case of separating and removing cryogel contained in the blood plasma component separated from the blood cell component, the separation chamber of the centrifuge 8, that is, the centrifugal bowl 9, is cooled to about 0 to 6°C.

As is clear from the above, the tube 7 that supplies the separated plasma components to the centrifugal bowl 9 and the tube 10 from which the purified plasma components flow out are connected, and if necessary, the foreign object detector 11 and the inside of the centrifugal bowl 9 are cleaned. By providing tubes 19 and 21 for this purpose, it is possible to separate harmful polymeric substances contained in plasma components using the centrifuge 8 and return the blood.

Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, the scope of application is very wide, and it goes without saying that the design may be modified to a certain extent without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a system diagram of an embodiment of a blood purification device according to the present invention, and Fig. 2 is an embodiment of a foreign object detector, in which (a) is a top view and (b)
) is a front view. 2・・・・・・・・・Pump 16・・・・・・・・・
・Blood return pump 3...Plasma separation device 18
...... Washing pump 6 ... Plasma pump 20 ... Solenoid valve 8 ...
... Centrifuge 22 ... Solenoid valve 9 ...
......Centrifugal bowl 25...Tube guide 11...Foreign object detector 26
......Emitter 13...Solenoid valve 27...Receiver 15...
...Mixer

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) A blood collection means for continuously collecting blood, a plasma purification means for separating the collected blood into blood cell components and plasma components and removing harmful polymer substances contained in the plasma components, and a plasma purification means for removing harmful polymer substances contained in the plasma components. In a blood purification device comprising a mixing means for mixing plasma components and blood cell components, and a blood return means for returning the mixed purified blood, as a means for removing harmful polymer substances contained in the separated plasma components, Centrifuge chamber temperature is 10℃
A blood purification device characterized by using a centrifuge as described below. (2) The blood purification device according to claim (1), wherein the centrifugation chamber temperature is around 0 to 6°C. (3) The centrifuge has a structure that allows blood to continuously flow into the centrifuge bowl and plasma components to continuously flow out, and a foreign substance that detects the outflow of polymeric substances in the plasma component outlet circuit. The blood purification device according to claims (1) and (2), characterized in that it is equipped with a detector. (4) Claims (1) to (4) characterized in that the blood inlet circuit of the centrifuge is provided with a washing circuit supply port, and the plasma component outlet circuit is provided with a washing circuit drain port. 3
Blood purification device described in ).