JPS5924151A - Refrigeration method and device - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a refrigeration method and apparatus, and more particularly to a refrigeration method and apparatus suitable for generating cold by expanding a high-pressure refrigerant.

As a device used for cryogenic freezing, the
As shown in Japanese Patent Publication No. 872 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 51-38100, these refrigeration systems generate cold air by expanding a refrigerant, and their refrigeration cycle is a Tsurubay cycle. Generally, when the temperature reached by a refrigeration system is set to 20 or less, the same refrigeration cycles are connected in series in the expander. However, in the Tsurubay cycle, most of the generation of cold when expanding the refrigerant is done by incomplete Simon expansion, and only a portion of the expansion involves mechanical work, which is highly efficient at generating cold. The disadvantage is that the overall efficiency is low.

To explain the Tsurupay cycle using Figure i1 and Figure 2, helium gas pressurized to a predetermined pressure (tertiary pressure) by the pressurizing device 1 is passed through the valve 2 to the high temperature side population 5 of the displacer 4 in the refrigeration device 3. Send. In this case, the display '+j'4 is located at the lowest point in the refrigeration device 3 (point A in FIG. 2). The supplied helium gas passes through the regenerator 6 in the displacer 4 and flows into the first expansion chamber 7 and the second expansion chamber 8 (point B in FIG. 2). A third chamber 10 is provided which is communicated with the inside of the refrigeration device 3 through the orifice 9 and has a pressure with a certain time lag from the inside of the refrigeration device 3, and the displacer 4 is connected to the first expansion chamber 71 and the second expansion chamber 8. Due to the pressure difference between the pressure of Next, when the valve 2 is closed and the valve 11 connected to the low pressure side of the pressurizing device i\1 is opened, the helium gas in the first expansion chamber 7 and the second expansion chamber 8 expands, generating cold. While cooling the regenerator 6, the force [j flows into the pressure device 1 (point C in Fig. 2).

Thus, the third chamber 10 and the first expansion chamber 7. Due to the pressure difference in the second expansion chamber 8, the displacer 4 moves toward the second expansion chamber 8 and completes the 1-volume cycle (point 9 in FIG. 2).

On the other hand, the Stirling cycle is known as a refrigerant cycle other than the Tsurupay cycle, and although the Stirling cycle has excellent cold generation efficiency, it requires multiple stages like the Solvay ν-cycle to obtain extremely low temperatures below 20°C. Since it is necessary to provide an expansion process, the mechanism becomes complicated.
In addition, there is a drawback that the cold generation efficiency is reduced.

To explain the Stirling cycle refrigerator with reference to FIG. 3, the compressor 13 driven by the drive mechanism rises and compresses the gas in the first chamber 17 between it and the Cushing engine 6, and the adiabatic compression heat generated at this time. is dissipated by the fins 18. After the compressed gas is driven, there is a regenerator 1 inside.
After the displacer 15 moves upward, the compressed gas in the expansion chamber 19 is cooled by the regenerator 14 cooled by the expansion gas from one cycle before. Thereafter, the compressor 13 descends, and the compressed gas 2 in the expansion chamber 19 expands to generate cold.

In this case, the expansion energy of the compressed gas is absorbed by the compressor 13. Thereafter, the displacer 15 moves downward, and the chill generated by the expansion gas cools the food cooler 14, thereby completing the 1v cycle. Therefore, the Stirling cycle requires a mechanism to absorb the expansion energy of the compressed gas, so if a two-stage expansion mechanism is required, the second stage compressor in the cryogenic region is replaced with a power absorber in the room temperature region. It has to be connected to the mechanism, which makes the mechanism complicated, and
The cold generation efficiency decreases due to heat invading from the room temperature area to the cryogenic temperature area through the connection part.

As mentioned above, the Tsurubey cycle has a simple structure, but the amount of cold generation is small, and the Stirling cycle has a problem that the cold generation Ji1 almost matches the thermodynamic ideal value, but the structure is complicated. .

The present invention aims to increase the amount of cold generated by expanding a high-pressure refrigerant in a refrigeration method and apparatus that involves a large amount of mechanical work when expanding the refrigerant.

The present invention is a refrigeration method that expands a high-pressure refrigerant to generate cold. A constant sealed high-pressure refrigerant is supplied into a second chamber separated from the first chamber, and the pressure on the compressor is balanced.
The compressor is moved against the pressure of the low-pressure refrigerant sealed in the first chamber by the high-pressure refrigerant, and after the pressures in the first chamber and the second chamber become the same pressure, the Dinupure length is moved and the first chamber is moved. The system is characterized in that the refrigerant in the room is cooled, and then the second chamber is opened to low pressure to expand and cool the refrigerant, and the display "!1 is further moved to cool the dinu placer. 1st chamber and displacer
By connecting the first stage expander in series, the second stage expander is a Stirling cycle, and the second stage expander with a second chamber and a pressure m machine is a Nlebay cycle. The mechanical work of the expander is used for gas compression work in the first stage expander to increase the mechanical work of the second stage expander, and the work is reused for cold generation. This increases the amount of cold generated and improves the refrigeration efficiency.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. A display v22 is disposed in the upper part of the airtight housing 21, and a compressor a23 is disposed in the lower part so as to be movable in the vertical direction. The display v22 is filled with a cold storage material such as a lead ball, and has a refrigerant flow port 5 and a refrigerant flow port at the lower end and the upper end. has been contacted.

4 is an O-ring that is provided on the outer periphery of the displacer n, and has chambers (parts) and 31 formed at the upper and lower parts of the displacer n; be. The inside of the compressor is filled with a regenerator material 32 similar to the displacer η, and refrigerant flow ports are provided at the upper end side surface and the lower end. The O-ring is an O-ring provided on the outer circumference of the compressor B, which forms a chamber 37 communicating with the flow port at the upper and lower portions of the compressor B, and isolates the chamber 31 from the main port. The culprit is the flow port leading to the father, the heat exchanger 401, the regenerator 41, and the supply valve 42. The refrigerant supply line 44 and the refrigerant discharge line 45 are connected via the discharge valve 43, and the refrigerant supply line 44 and the refrigerant discharge line are respectively connected to the discharge side and the suction side of the compression device 46. 47 is a heat exchanger installed around the chamber 37 of the housing 21 for extracting generated cold, 48 is a heat exchanger for removing heat generated in the house, 49 is a spring, and 1 is a pressure regulating valve.

Next, the freezing method of the present invention will be explained using the pressure-volume curves between the chambers and the chambers 31 and 37 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. Figure 4 shows the gas pressure of the refrigerant, such as helium gas, in the regenerator 41 filled with regenerator 41 and in the chamber 3Tl, 31°37, which is at low pressure, that is, the fifth Let point A in FIG. 6 be the starting point of the refrigeration cycle. When the discharge valve 43 is closed and the supply valve 42 is opened,
The high-pressure helium gas at a temperature of 1 ton, which has been pressurized by the compression device 46, passes through the regeneration device 41 and the heat exchanger 40, and then flows through the flow port 3.
9. The gas flows into the compressor n and the chamber 37 through the flow ports 33 and 34 in a high-pressure, low-temperature gas state. (point B in Figs. 5 and 6), the compressor n moves upward by one position due to the difference between the internal pressures of the chambers 31 and 37, and after moving a predetermined distance, closes the supply valve 42. close.

(Point 0 in Figures 5 and 6) The high-pressure helium gas in the space from the supply valve 42 to the chamber 37 compresses the gas into the chamber 31 [Z3 expands while compressing it and performs mechanical work. conduct. At this time, the temperature of the gas inside the house rises due to the compression work, but the amount of heat is discharged outside the Ujifugu 21 by the refrigerant flowing inside the heat exchanger 21. This expansion with mechanical work is carried out until the chambers 37, 31, 30 are at the same intermediate pressure (FIG. 5).

(Point D in Figure 6) Furthermore, when the pressure in the displacer B increases against the helium gas pressure in the chamber n and the drag force of the spring 4 on the rod A, the force in the displacer B increases toward the displacer n side. Move up to. (Fig. 5, 6
(Point E in the figure) At this time, the helium gas inside the house is cooled by the regenerator.

When the exhaust valve 42 is then opened, the intermediate pressure helium gas in the chamber 37 expands to the exhaust pressure in the exhaust line 45, generating refrigeration and providing refrigeration to the heat exchanger 47.

(Point F in Figures 5 and 6) After that, the intermediate-pressure helium gas in chamber 3f1.31 expands and generates refrigeration while performing transverse work to push down the compression retroflexion, and exchanges heat. The pressure is reduced to the exhaust pressure while cooling the vessel 40 and the regeneration device ff141. (Point 0 in Figures 5 and 6) Next, the displacer n is pushed back to the chamber 31 side due to the imbalance of the drag force on the rod row from the chamber l side, and at this time, the displacer n is pushed back to the chamber 31 side by the expanding helium gas in the chamber 30. The cold storage injection is cooled down. (5th
(Point A in FIG. 6) Furthermore, when the pressure inside the chamber 27 fluctuates due to deterioration of the airtightness of the O-ring, etc., the pressure is automatically adjusted by the pressure regulating valve 50.

Therefore, the first stage expansion process shown in FIG. 5 becomes a Starling cycle, and the second stage expansion process shown in FIG. 6 becomes a deformed Trubey cycle accompanied by mechanical work.

Therefore, according to this embodiment, mechanical work is performed during the expansion process of the second-stage expander, that is, the compressor n, to generate cold, and the refrigeration cycle includes isentropic expansion with high cooling efficiency. The mechanical work compresses the gas in the first stage expander, that is, the displacer, and at this time, the hot end side is cooled to create an isothermal compression process, and the first stage displacer moves. After the expansion, the first
The stage performs isothermal expansion accompanied by external work with high cooling efficiency.
The second stage compressor can perform normal lemon expansion, respectively. In addition, there is no need to directly supply refrigerant to the 11th stage displacer, that is, to flow gas helium into the 11th stage displacer, and the 1st stage displacer and the 2nd stage Pressure I
It is possible to generate cold air at aa, and the flow rate of high pressure gas helium in the refrigeration system can be reduced. Furthermore, the second-stage compressor (well, since it can move freely due to the gas pressure difference, the central axis of the m2M-th compressor is at a free angle with respect to the central axis of the first-stage displacer. can have.

As described above, according to the present invention, refrigeration is generated while performing mechanical work during the expansion process of the high-pressure refrigerant in the second stage expander, and the mechanical work is used to generate refrigeration in the first stage expander. By moving the displacer inside the first stage expander, the mechanical work of the second stage expander is converted into cooling for the first stage expander. Therefore, the cold generation layer can be increased, and the refrigeration efficiency of the refrigeration system can be improved.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a conventional Tsurubay cycle refrigerator, Figure 2 is a pressure car volume diagram of a Tsurubay cycle refrigerator, and Figure 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a Stirling cycle refrigerator according to the prior art. , FIG. 4 is an M sectional view showing an example of a refrigeration system embodying the present invention, and FIGS. 5 and 6 are pressure-volume diagrams of the refrigeration system shown in FIG. 1... Pressure device, 2L11... Valve, 3
... Refrigeration equipment, 4, 15.22 ... Displacer, 5 ... High temperature side inlet, 6 ...
...Regenerator, 7...1st expansion plan, 8...2nd
Expansion chamber, 9...orifice, 10...
3rd chamber, 12.211]...Driver, 13. Z
3...Compressor, 14...Regenerator, 16
...Casing, 17...First chamber, 1
8... Fin, 19... Expansion chamber, 21
...Knowing, Sae. 32... Cold storage material, 25.26.33.34.3
9...Flowing port, 27, 3(+, 31.
36. 37... Chamber, ah... Rod, 29° ah, 38... 0 ring, 40.47.
48... Heat exchanger, 41... Regeneration device, 42... Supply valve, 43... Discharge valve,
44... Refrigerant supply line, 45... Refrigerant discharge line, wear... Compressor, 49...
...Spring, father...Pressure v, 5 Regulatory agent Patent attorney Susuki 1) Yuki Toshi, -2. "7'L jn/ 1 figure 2 figure glaze 3 m 4 m 7

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A refrigeration method in which high-pressure refrigerant is expanded to generate cold, which includes a chamber equipped with a movable displacer having a cold storage function, and a movable compressor, the compressor A certain amount of high-pressure refrigerant is supplied into a second chamber separated from the first chamber by the high-pressure refrigerant against the pressure of the low-pressure refrigerant sealed in the first chamber until the pressure on the compressor is balanced. After the compressor is moved and the pressures in the first and second chambers become the same, the displacer is moved to cool the refrigerant in the first chamber, and then the second chamber is opened to a low pressure to cool the refrigerant. A refrigeration method characterized by expanding and cooling the displacer, and further cooling the displacer by moving the displacer. 2. Claim 1 cooling the warm end side of the first chamber
Freezing method described in section. 3. In a refrigeration system that expands high-pressure refrigerant to produce cold temperatures, a cooling heat exchanger is provided on the warm end side of a sealed first chamber, and a displacer filled with a cold storage material is movably installed inside the first chamber. and providing a drive mechanism for the displacer, movably disposing a compressor filled with a regenerator material, and providing a second chamber separated from the first chamber by a core/compressor;
A regeneration device and a heat exchanger are provided on the low temperature side of the first chamber to communicate with the second chamber and to a high pressure refrigerant supply line and a low pressure refrigerant discharge line, and a heat exchanger for extracting generated cold is provided in the second chamber. A refrigeration device characterized by: