JPS59219389A - Fixed bed solid carbonaceous fuel gasification apparatus andmethod - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention This invention relates to a fixed bed, single stage gasifier. This gasifier uses carbonaceous solid fuel such as coal to obtain production power.

(Prior Art) In this type of device, the force generated in the combustion chamber is collected in two parts of the device body above the fuel bed and taken out through a pipe. The extracted gas is hot and contains particulate matter. If low-grade coal such as charcoal is used as the solid fuel, the extracted power will contain vaporized tar and oil.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) In the conventional technology, the steam taken out from the fixed bed gasifier is passed through a refractory-lined → Kuiklon, where the granules are separated, and then Gas is sent to the burner via an insulated pipe, and the pipe is insulated to prevent vaporized sol and oil from condensing inside the pipe. However, if the pipeline is long, gas scrubbers are used to cool the gas and condense tar and oil, removing them from the gas stream being delivered.

If the system supplies hot gas containing tar or oil directly to the burner, the cost of insulating the supply pipes would be too high, and if the gasifier is operated intermittently, the gas supply pipes would have to be used frequently. Needs cleaning.

Additionally, when cool gas is required, tar and oil are removed from the wash water, which requires separate tanks and pumps, which increases equipment costs.

Also, cooling the gas to remove tar and oil impairs the efficiency of the vaporization process.

Furthermore, according to the prior art, inside the gasifier main body, sufficient space must be secured at the top for the generated gas to flow to the extraction pipe, and the contact time between the generated gas and the coal entering the device main body is In order to solve this problem, U.S. Patent No. 4,165°970 gasifies coal with a particle size of 2 to 60 mm at high pressure and installs a shield wall inside the device. established,
Coarse diameter coal gathers near the wall, fine coal gathers in the center of the fuel bed, and this wall is separated from the reaction wall to form an annular space, gas from the fuel bed flows through the holes in the shield wall. It is designed to pass through and enter the reaction chamber. The passage from the fuel bed is provided with pores with a pore size distribution corresponding to different particle sizes, thereby reducing the dust content in the product gas from the reaction chamber. Shigashina murmurs:The problem with these methods is that they cannot remove the vaporized tar and oil contained in the produced gas by simply acting as a filter.

(Means for Solving Problems According to the Invention) According to the invention, in a fixed bed gas production apparatus equipped with a combustion chamber for burning carbonaceous solid fuel such as coal, a fuel supply system for supplying the solid fuel to the apparatus main body is provided. A pipe is installed upright in the main body of the device, an exhaust duct is arranged coaxially with this fuel supply pipe, a chamber is formed in the -nil of both, and air is connected to the chamber through a hole provided in the fuel supply pipe. communicating with the inside of the fuel feed pipe and flowing into the exhaust duct;
The above problem is solved by a means in which a small tube is connected to the upper part of the duct so that the exhaust gas from the main body of the apparatus is swirled in the upper part of the duct and the flow direction is changed.

In this invention, the tar and oil condensed on the coal falling through the fuel feed pipe are collected, returned to the main body of the apparatus, and the granules are separated. The fuel supply pipe has an inverted cone shape, and a duct surrounds its outer periphery, and separation of granules is performed at the upper side. Both of these are connected to the main body of the device through a chamber.

In this invention, the fuel supply pipe has a configuration in which the opening diameter gradually increases from the upstream end to the downstream end of the fuel supply pipe.

Further, in the present invention, the fuel supply pipe has a cone shape in which the force discharge direction is reversed, and the horizontal cross section is oval or rectangular.

Further, in the invention, the downstream end of the fuel feed pipe is connected to the upper part of the device main body, and a baffle hangs down from the inner surface of the roof of the device main body so as to surround this connection portion.

Furthermore, in this invention, the space between the fuel feed pipe and the exhaust duct communicates with the combustion chamber of the device main body.

Further, in the present invention, the device main body is provided with a plurality of openings in which the fuel feed pipe and the exhaust duct are erected.

Further, in the present invention, the exhaust pipe is connected to the upstream end of the exhaust duct from the tangential direction, and the particulate matter is separated at this portion.

Further, according to the present invention, solid fuel such as coal is dropped and supplied to the combustion chamber of the device main body through a fuel feed pipe, and an exhaust duct is disposed coaxially around the outer circumference of the fuel feed pipe, so that both of these A chamber for passing exhaust gas is provided between the combustion chambers, and this chamber and the inside of the fuel supply pipe are communicated through a hole provided in the fuel supply pipe, so that most of the exhaust gas from the combustion chamber is routed downstream of the fuel supply pipe. The solid fuel is falling from the end of the fuel supply pipe, and it flows into the chamber from the hole marked i1η, and the remaining 411 output is connected to the pipe between the fuel supply pipe and the exhaust duct. The inflow into the chamber is combined with the extraction gas flowing into the chamber through the fuel feed pipe, and the merged gas is vortexed at one end of the duct described in 11j to change its direction. The above-mentioned problems are solved by a method for producing combustible gas using a fixed-bed solid carbonaceous fuel cassifier, which is characterized in that the combustible gas is turned from a vertical direction to a substantially horizontal direction for extraction.

However, in the method of this invention, the amount of hot exhaust gas flowing directly from the combustion chamber into the chamber is sufficient to maintain the temperature of the morning gas that bypasses the fuel feed pipe at -1-1 above the dew point. The amount of hot exhaust gas flowing directly into the chamber from the combustion chamber is less than 10% of the total exhaust gas.

Also, the fuel feed pipe is on the top! Lower than the inner diameter of the iR end
The inner diameter of the A end is large so that even if the falling solid fuel expands, cracks, or kings, it will fall without any problem.

In addition, in the method of the present invention, most of the solid fuel is allowed to flow from the downstream end of the fuel feed pipe through the inside of the fuel feed pipe, where the solid fuel is falling, and flows into the chamber from the hole, and the remaining solid fuel is
The exhaust gas flows into the chamber between the fuel supply pipe and the exhaust gas Y, and joins with the several exhaust gases flowing into the chamber through the fuel supply pipe, and the combined exhaust gas is sent to the upstream end of the duct. The odor is turned into a whirlpool and the direction is changed from vertical to almost horizontal, and the ejection force is taken out by a small tube.

(Example) In the figure, f+ number 1 indicates the main body of a fixed bed carbonaceous material gas production apparatus, which is equipped with a combustion chamber, a Tsuyaken 13, and a rotating shaft 5 of a stirrer, The shaft passes through the roof 7 of the device body. Further, the roof 7 is provided with a plurality of openings 1''9 for introducing coal into the main body of the apparatus.

A coal storage chamber 11 is installed in the upper part of the apparatus main body 1, from which coal is charged into the apparatus main body 1 by gravity. A valve 13 is installed in the coal fall port 15 to adjust the amount of coal falling from the port into the main body of the apparatus.

1 - Coal feed pipe 1 with a conical cross section that tapers in the direction
7) Connected to the T coal drop 1-1 section 15 J) Coal falls through this coal feed pipe 17 to the main body 1 of the apparatus, and the lower end 19 of the coal feed pipe 17 From the opening 1-19 of the device main body 1! ;, Enter the tree 1), the device body 1
It is located one inside. The shape of the coal feed pipe described in Ti1j includes all cone shapes with a circular horizontal cross section, as well as oval, rectangular, and pond-shaped cone shapes in the horizontal cross section.

Baffles 21 are positioned at intervals on the sides of the lower end 19 of the coal feed pipe 17, and these baffles 21 hang down from the roof 7 of the apparatus main body 1. 1) The coal feed pipe 17 described in 1j is wider than the inner diameter d at its lower end or the inner diameter d' at the L end facing the coal drop port 15 of the coal storage chamber 11.

Exhaust gas discharged from the device main body 1 (duck 12)
: 3 surrounds the coal feed pipe 17, and both are arranged axially, and a chamber 27 is provided between the two.

A large number of slots or holes 25 are opened on the circumferential side of the cone-shaped coal feed pipe 17, and the inside of the coal feed pipe 17 and the chamber 27 are in communication.

The opening size and distribution of the holes 25 are such that the gas from the power generator main body 1 passes through the coal feed pipe and gradually enters the chamber 27 from the holes 25, so that the size of the gas increases. so that most of the coal that is sent to the main body 1 of the device passes through.
That is, the holes 25 are designed so that most of the gas reaches near the two ends of the coal feed pipe 17 and is discharged from there.

The exhaust pipe 29 on the - side is spirally connected to the exhaust duct 23 on one side (Fig. 2), and the exhaust pipe 29 on the other side is connected to the exhaust duct 23 on the other side (Fig.
Connect 9゛ to the other exhaust duct in the same way,
These discharge pipes 29 and 29' join the extending route small pipe 29, and in the joined state, these discharge pipes 29 and 29' are connected to the space removal pipe 31.

(Function) The above-described fixed bed carbonaceous solid fuel power generator is operated as follows. First, the valve 13 is opened by adjusting the valve 13 as appropriate, and the coal in the coal storage chamber 11 is poured into the coal fall port 15.
When a predetermined amount of coal is dropped into the -1 part of the coal feed pipe 17, the coal falls in the direction of the opening 1]9 of the roof 7 of the apparatus instinct 1 due to gravity under atmospheric pressure. The lower end 19 of the coal feed pipe 17 has an inner diameter d larger than the inner diameter d at the -1-1 end when it is widened at the end, so when clean coal with a high expansion degree is gasified. Despite the expansion and caking that occurs, coal C continues to fall. A small space is secured between the inner surface of the roof 7 and the upper part of the fuel bed by the panful 21 hanging down into the equipment Honjo 1, and the gas generated in the combustion chamber is From the lower end 19 of the feed pipe ↑7, go up y against the falling coal flow.
1. Pass through the hole 25 of the coal feed pipe 17, and the coal feed pipe 17
and exhaust duct 23 into a chamber 27 formed at the opening. As the gas rises between the falling coals, this gas is cooled by the coals, and the tar and oil contained in the hot gas condense and settle on the surface of the falling coals. Most of the gas flows between the coals, but a small portion of the hot gas flow flows into the chamber 27 through the ring-shaped opening between the lower end of the coal feed pipe 17 and the lower end of the exhaust duct 23. This still hot gas mixes in the chamber 27 with the gas exiting from the hole 25 of the coal feed pipe 17 to maintain the temperature of the exhaust gas stream above the dew point.

The amount of hot gas flowing into chamber 27 through the ring-shaped opening is determined by the temperature required to maintain the temperature of the exhaust gas stream above the dew point. The amount varies depending on the type of coal to be gasified. Preferably, about 90%, and up to about 95%, of the total gas enters the coal feed pipe 17 during cooling, passes through the falling coal stream, and exits through the holes 25 into the chamber 27. The remaining amount of gas flows directly into the chamber 27 from inside the apparatus main body 1 through the ring-shaped opening.

When the gas is cooled to a temperature below about 200C, the tar and oil in the gas condense.

When the gas flowing to the upper part of the exhaust duct 23 crosses to the upper part, the direction of flow changes to the tangential direction, inside and outside,
an exhaust pipe 29 connected to the first exhaust duct 23;
Connect to the second exhaust duct 23, pLI11!
It flows into a similar discharge pipe 29' where it joins the stream 29. These discharge pipes 29 and 29' are joined together to constitute a gas take-off pipe 31, and an ordinary cyclone is provided downstream of the small force-taking pipe 31, where secondary removal of particulate matter is carried out.

In addition to two exhaust ducts, one or three or more exhaust ducts may be provided.

Particulate matter is removed from the gas flow by the change in the force flow in the upper part of the exhaust duct 23 and the spiral rotation movement of the gas flow by the exhaust pipes 29 and 29 connected from the tangential direction. The primary removal (minute inertia 11) is carried out, and the separated granules from the gas flow fall by gravity into the device main body 1 through a chamber 27 surrounding the coal feed pipe 17, and merge with the incoming coal. do.

(Effect) The gas produced by the operation described in ii'li is a clean gas, and compared to the gas produced by the conventional fixed bed gasifier d, it contains less tar, oil, granules, etc. Contains less impurities. In addition, if the extracted gas is hot, the generation of heavy tar and pitch due to volatile components caused by ``cranking'' can be effectively suppressed due to the cooling effect of the gas as it joins with the coal being fed. It is possible to eliminate the generation of such harmful ingredients.

Furthermore, the invention allows for more effective use of fixed-bed, single-stage gasifiers operating in the "hot raw gas" mode, and without the expense of a two-stage gasifier. There are no restrictions on the amount of coal that can be used, which has the advantage of being applicable.

As mentioned above, because the gas comes into contact with the surface of the falling coal that is being supplied to the gasifier, 1) there is no need to increase the depth of the main tree of the gasifier, and the equipment is not required to be large-scale. No. In addition, the gasifier can be operated efficiently without causing defects such as holes in the fire bed, such as structural defects.

In addition, as the hot gas from the gasifier is cooled by the coal that falls into the gasifier, components such as tar and oil contained in the Hora 1 gas are attached to the surface of the coal and the gasifier itself. Inner ＼ Go backwards. It is therefore possible to use coal that expands and causes caking.

In addition, the granules are separated and returned to the gasifier main body by the rotational movement caused by the change in the flow direction of the gas flow by the exhaust duct and sacrotubule.

Furthermore, as a result of the gas discharged from the gasifier body being gradually blended with the supplied coal, tar and oil components are separated and removed from the first output gas, and the dew point of the exhaust gas is reduced. This prevents residual tar and oil from depositing on the piping system.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the upper part of a fixed bed gasifier according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the fill line in FIG. 1... Device main body, 7... Roof of the device main body 11...
Coal storage room, 15... Coal falling part 17... Coal feed pipe, 23... Exhaust duct, 25... Hole 27...
・Chamber, 29.29'...Exhaust pipe for 1 person

Claims (16)

[Claims] (1) A combustion chamber that burns carbonaceous solid fuel such as coal (
In the fixed-bed force production device developed above, a fuel feed pipe for supplying the solid fuel to the device body is installed upright in the device body, an exhaust duct is arranged coaxially with this fuel feed pipe, and there is a gap between the two. A chamber is formed in the fuel feed pipe, and the chamber and the inside of the fuel feed pipe are communicated through a hole provided in the fuel feed pipe, and the exhaust power flow from the device main body flows into the exhaust duct. A fixed bed solid carbonaceous fuel gasification apparatus characterized in that a discharge pipe is connected to the upper part of the duct so that the flow direction of the fuel is changed into a vortex in the upper part of the duct. (2) The fixed bed solid carbonaceous fuel gasification apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the fuel feed pipe has an opening diameter that gradually increases from the upstream end to the downstream end of the fuel supply. (3) The fixed bed solid carbonaceous fuel gasification apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fuel feed pipe has an upside-down cone shape. (4) The fixed bed solid carbonaceous fuel gasifier according to claim 3, wherein the fuel feed pipe has an oval horizontal cross section. (5) The fixed bed solid carbonaceous fuel gasification apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the fuel feed pipe has a rectangular horizontal cross section. (6) The downstream end of the fuel feed pipe is connected to the upper part of the device main body, and a baffle hangs down from the inner surface of the roof of the device main body so as to surround this connection portion. The fixed bed solid carbonaceous fuel gasification apparatus according to any one of Items 1 to 1. (7) The fixed-bed solid carbonaceous fuel gasification device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the space between the fuel feed pipe and the exhaust duct communicates with the combustion chamber of the device main body. (8) The device body is provided with a plurality of openings for erecting fuel supply pipes and exhaust ducts, the scope of Patent 1iiIj, Items 1 to +ii
[(Fixed bed solid carbonaceous fuel power generation device according to any one of the above. (9) A discharge pipe is connected from the tank end to the m end of the exhaust pipe, and the CI
9. The fixed bed solid charcoal/wood material gasification apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the separation of A-layer books is carried out. (10) Solid fuel such as coal is dropped and supplied to the combustion chamber of the main body of the device through a fuel feed pipe, and an exhaust or togut is arranged coaxially around the outer periphery of the fuel feed pipe, and between these two A chamber for tracing exhaust gas is provided, and this chamber and the inside of the fuel feed pipe are communicated through a hole provided in the fuel feed pipe, so that most of the exhaust gas from the combustion chamber is routed from the downstream end of the fuel feed pipe. The solid fuel is passed through the falling solid fuel feed pipe and flows into the chamber from the hole, and the remaining exhaust gas is caused to flow into the chamber between the fuel feed pipe and the exhaust duct. The duct is combined with the exhaust gas flowing into the chamber through the duct, and the merged exhaust gas is turned into a vortex at the upstream end of the duct and is taken out by turning the inside and outside from a vertical direction to a substantially horizontal direction. A method for producing combustible gas using a fixed bed solid carbonaceous fuel gasifier. (11) A patent characterized in that the amount of exhaust gas that flows directly into the chamber from the combustion chamber is the amount required to maintain the temperature of the exhaust gas that bypasses the fuel feed pipe at a temperature above the dew point. A method for producing combustible gas using the fixed bed solid carbonaceous fuel gasification apparatus according to claim 10. (12) The fixed bed solid carbonaceous material according to claim 11, characterized in that the inflow amount of the real exhaust gas directly flowing into the chamber from the combustion chamber is 10% or less of the total exhaust gas capacity. A method for producing combustible gas using a fuel gasifier. (13) The fuel feed pipe has an inner diameter at the downstream end that is tighter than the inner diameter at the second flow end, so that falling solid fuel can fall without any problem even if it expands or is cranked. A method for producing combustible gas using a fixed bed solid carbonaceous fuel gasification apparatus according to any one of claims 10 to 12. (14) Most of the exhaust gas from the combustion chamber is passed from the downstream end of the fuel supply pipe into the fuel supply pipe where the solid fuel is falling, and flows into the chamber from the hole, and the remaining output gas is The exhaust gas flows into the chamber between the fuel supply pipe and the exhaust pipe, and joins with the exhaust gas flowing into the chamber through the fuel supply pipe, and the combined exhaust gas is transferred to the duct. The claim is characterized in that the fluid is formed into a vortex at the end and its direction is changed from a vertical direction to a substantially horizontal direction so that the discharge force is taken out by a take-out pipe.
A method for producing combustible gas using the fixed bed solid carbonaceous fuel energization apparatus according to any one of S10 to S13. (15) A fixed-bed solid carbonaceous fuel gasification device characterized by having the structure shown in the drawings. (16) A method for producing I-conventional gas using a fixed-bed solid carbonaceous fuel gasifier characterized by the structure and means shown in the drawings.