JPS5921319B2 - Free parallel ruler for 3D projection - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention mainly relates to a universal parallel ruler for use in stereographic projections for the purpose of creating three-dimensional diagrams such as isometric maps, Mikasa secondary maps, and asymmetric maps.

A three-dimensional diagram basically consists of three axes and three planes, and all circles such as holes and axes on the three basic planes are drawn as ellipses.

An ellipse is determined by the ratio of its major axis to its minor axis, and actual drafting work is performed using a template that has a number of ellipses arranged according to this ratio.

By the way, a universal parallel ruler for three-dimensional projections has been known which has three scales corresponding to the three basic axes, but the biggest problem with this is that the three scales interfere with each other, making it difficult to adjust the temperature of the template. This makes it difficult to use.

Furthermore, the major and minor axes of an ellipse drawn on the three basic planes of a three-dimensional diagram are always orthogonal, and the minor axis always coincides with one of the three basic axes.

Therefore, considering the above points, it is better to use a flexible parallel ruler with two scales that always maintain a right angle because the template can be used more freely and each of the three basic axes and the line perpendicular to them can be directly obtained. This is extremely advantageous in creating three-dimensional diagrams.

By the way, in a universal parallel ruler equipped with two right-angled scales, the scale can be set at 15 degrees or 30 degrees using an indexing plate provided on the supporting part of the head and a locking claw provided on the movable part of the head (i.e., on the scale side). Devices that set the angle at intervals of 0.degree. are known, but there are difficulties in setting an undefined frequency at intervals other than 15.degree. or 30.degree.

Furthermore, even if the indexing board were made movable and could be fixed to the support at any position, it would only be possible to set the position of one of the three basic axes, and the positions of the other two axes could be set. Since the phase changes for each three-dimensional figure, it involves the same difficulties.

In view of the above points, the applicant of the present application has already filed a patent application in 1983-15.
In No. 4149, in principle, a preset stopper that can be positioned arbitrarily corresponding to each of the three basic axes of a three-dimensional drawing is provided on the head, and the scale is selectively matched to the three basic axes that change relative to each three-dimensional drawing. Then, in Japanese Patent Application No. 53-46828, they set preset stoppers corresponding to at least two of the three basic axes of a three-dimensional diagram to the degree to which the rotation angle of the scale should be set. Highly accurate 3D projection free parallelism that can be set to any angle on a protractor with a scale, and the angle setting of the preset stopper can always be matched with the protractor where the rotation angle of the scale should be set. provide a ruler;
Furthermore, in Japanese Patent Application No. 53-70665, a minute scale is provided on the inner and outer edges of the protractor board, and a scale index is set relative to the minute scale on the inner edge, and a preset stopper is provided on the minute scale on the outer edge. The company provides a universal parallel ruler for stereographic projections that allows the scale and preset stopper indicators to be set relative to each other without conflicting with each other, and allows the setting angle to be clearly recognized. The invention relates to improvements thereon.

That is, an object of the present invention is to provide preset stops corresponding to the three basic axes of a three-dimensional diagram so that the angle can be set arbitrarily with respect to a protractor having a degree scale for setting the rotation angle of the scale, and to In the universal parallel ruler for stereographic projection, which can always match the angle setting with the protractor where the rotation angle of the scale should be set, a fixed operation member for angle setting corresponding to each preset stopper is placed on the protractor surface. If a large number of scale fixing levers are placed together with other scale fixing levers, etc., it will not only be difficult to arrange them, but it will also be troublesome to read the minute scale, and may cause erroneous operation. In addition to eliminating the above-mentioned drawbacks by removing the fixing operation member from above, the fixed operation member can be placed outside the cylindrical guide wall provided at the outer peripheral edge of the protractor, and the fixed operating member can be securely attached to the outer peripheral edge. The object of the present invention is to provide a universal parallel ruler for stereographic projection that can be firmly fixed.

The present invention will be explained in detail below using examples shown in the drawings.

In Figures 1 and 2, 'Ia, ? 1a is a vertical scale, and 1a is a vertical scale for convenience.
1b will be explained as a horizontal scale.

2a is a fulcrum shaft for fine movement of the scale, and 2b is its operating lever.

As is conventionally known, the scale support member 2 is integrally connected to an operating head section 4 via a head shaft 3, and is configured to be rotated by the operating head section 4.

Reference numeral 5 denotes a head support body which rotatably supports the head shaft 3 and integrally includes a connecting portion 5a connected to a support link portion or the like connected to the cursor plate.

Further, the head shaft 3 is integrally provided with a frame portion 6 extending in the circumferential direction above the head shaft 3, and an index 6a having a vernier scale is provided on the outer periphery of the frame portion 6.

Reference numeral 7 denotes a protractor which is rotatably provided with respect to the head support 5 and the frame portion 6, and a protractor scale 7a facing the indicator 6a is provided on the inner periphery over 1800 in clockwise and counterclockwise directions. At the same time, there is a similar degree scale 7 on the outer periphery.
b is a provision.

The relationship between the protractor board 7 and the frame part 6 is such that a sliding groove member 8 having a sliding groove 8a having a convex cross section is attached to the lower surface of the frame part 6 so as to rotate together with the protractor board 7. A fixing member 8b that penetrates the frame portion 6 is installed in the groove 8a, and both are fixed by tightening the scale fixing lever 8c, and when the lever 8c is loosened, the protractor 7 is fixed. is configured to be able to rotate relative to the frame portion 6.

Generally, as shown in the first diagram, an index 6a and a minute scale 7a,
At the position where the reference value "0" of 7b matches, the scale la,
1b is used by setting it to draw a baseline on the drawing surface.

On the other hand, the outer peripheral edge of the protractor board 7 extends downward into a cylindrical shape, and is a guide wall portion that guides preset stoppers corresponding to two of the three basic axes of the three-dimensional diagram according to the present invention. 9.

The guide wall portion 9 is provided with cylindrical guide slots 9a and 9b over a predetermined movement range of the two preset stoppers, and these guide slots 9a and 9b are provided with holes as shown in FIGS. 3a and 3a. As shown in Figure 3c, each preset stopper io
, a sliding portion 10a protruding from the back of 'ii.

11a is slidably fitted.

Rear part 10 of each preset stopper 10, 11
b and llb are formed in an arc shape so as to move along the guide wall portion 9.

Engagement recesses 12 are provided at the center of the bottom plate of the preset stopper 10 and the top plate of the preset stopper 11, respectively.
13 is the provision.

Further, on the outside of each of the guide slots 9a and 9b of the protractor 7, locking members 14 and 15 having a concave cross section are fixed to the circumference by set screws 14c and 15c, respectively. In this case, locking tooth rows 14a and 15a are provided on the top surfaces of both sides, and a similar elongated hole 14b is provided in the portion facing the guide elongated hole 9ay9b.

15b is the perforation.

16 and 17 are the locking tooth rows 14a of the locking members 14 and 15, respectively.
, 15a, and is provided with operating shafts 18 and 19 rotated by operating knobs 18a and 19a, respectively.
19 is constructed as a screw shaft, and the sliding portion 10a of the preset stopper 10.11.

It is screwed into a screw hole provided in 11a.

Further, coil springs 20 and 21 with expansion elasticity are provided around each operating shaft 18.19 between the locking member 14.15 and the opposing fixed operating member 16.17, respectively. When the operating knobs 18a and 19a are rotated in the tightening release direction, the locking tooth rows 14a and 15a and the engaging tooth rows 16a and 17a are separated from each other by the elasticity of the coil springs 20 and 21, respectively, and the fixed lock is released. The fixed operating members 16 and 17 are movable relative to the members 14 and 15.

In addition, the locking tooth row 14a of the locking members 14 and 15.

15a, and an engagement tooth row 16a of the fixed operation members 16, 17,
17a is adopted in the embodiment as a means for securely fixing the fixed operation members 16 and 17 to the protractor 7, so elastic rubber or plastic material is used in place of the locking tooth rows 14a and 15a. Of course, it is also possible to employ a brake shoe member made of the like, and to employ a means for press-fitting the fixed operation member 16, 17 thereto.

Indicator members 22 and 23 having indicators 22a and 23a are integrally attached to the fixed operation member 16 and 17 by set screws 22b and 23b, and the indicators 22a and 23a correspond to the minute scale 7a on the upper surface of the protractor dial 7. , relative to 7b,
Engagement recesses 12 of preset stoppers 10 and 11, respectively.
The rotation angle from the reference position of No. 13 can be visually recognized.

Incidentally, it is of course possible to attach a vernier scale to the indicators 22 and 23.

Furthermore, in the case of the embodiment, the locking members 14, 15 are attached to the protractor 7 by means of a fixing frame 25 at the lower end via a spacer 24, and each locking tooth row 14a.

15a, except for the area occupied by the fixed operating members 16, 17, is covered by a cover member 26.27 which rotates together with the fixed operating members 16.17.

25a is a set screw that fixes the fixed frame 25.

Furthermore, in contrast to the preset stops 10 and 11 movably provided on the protractor board 7, a fixed preset stopper 28 is fixed to the bottom plate portion 7c of the protractor board 7 by a set screw 28c.

The engagement recess 29 of the preset stopper '28 is provided corresponding to the reference position "0" of the minute scales 7a and 7b, and is installed at a position that does not impede the movement of the movable preset stopper 10.11. , the movable preset stop 10.11 is thus constructed in such a way that it can be rotated and positioned beyond the fixed preset stop 28 in its reference position.

That is, as shown in FIGS. 3A to 3C, the upper preset stopper 10 and the lower preset stopper 11 are movable in their respective vertical positions without overlapping each other, and the lower preset stopper 11 is connected to the fixed preset stopper 28. It is movable above and behind the

And each of the above preset stoppers 10.11°28
The respective engaging recesses 12, 13, and 29 are set to be located on the same radius around the axis of rotation of the scale (ie, the axis of the head).

Further, the outer peripheral edge 1d of the lower end of the protractor board γ is in contact with the substrate of the head support 5, and a groove 7e is bored outwardly. The tip portions of 30 are slidably engaged.

The base line fixing member 30 abuts on the head support 5 with its rear end 30a as a fulcrum, and a base line fixing lever 31 provided in the middle part presses the concave groove 7e on the head support 5, thereby fixing the protractor board 7. It is configured to be fixed to the head support 5.

Therefore, since the protractor board 7 can be rotated by loosening the base line fixing lever 31, the base line position can be changed freely.

On the other hand, a support plate 32 is integrally provided below the frame portion 6 which is integral with the head shaft 3 with a predetermined space therebetween, and each preset stopper 10.1 is attached to the support plate 32.
1. Three locking claw members 34, 35, which engage with 28, respectively.
36 fulcrum shafts 33 and operating lever members 38 for each locking claw member.
The upper end of the fulcrum shaft 37 is fixed.

Each of the locking pawl members 34, 35, 36 is rotatably attached to the support shaft 33 via a spacer, and is attached to a spring 39a, 39b wound around the support shaft 33, respectively.
.

39C, respectively, the preset stopper 10,
A spring force is applied to engage the engagement recesses 12, 13, and 29 of the IL28.

Further, the operating shaft 38a of the operating lever member 38 is in contact with the rear end of each of the locking pawl members 34, 35, 36, and the operating shaft 38a is rotated counterclockwise about the fulcrum shaft 37. , the respective locking claw members 34, 35° 36 are connected to the spring 3.
The engaging recess 12 resists the spring elasticity of 9a, 39b, and 39c.
, 13, 29.

Reference numeral 38b denotes an operating shaft with a support shaft 37 provided on the opposite side of the operating shaft 38a, and a connecting hole 40a at the tip of the operating member 40 is fitted into the upper end of the operating shaft.

The operating member 40 is provided so as to be freely movable in the radial direction from the center of the head shaft 3 through a notch provided in the support plate 32, and its rear end is located at the lower end of the lever 41 within the hollow shaft of the head shaft 3. It is connected to the part.

The upper end 41a of the lever 41 is connected to the inner end of the arm 42a of the index lever 42 that protrudes to the side of the operating head 4. In the case of the embodiment, when the index lever 42 is pushed in, the lever 41 Due to the action of the actuating member 4
0 protrudes in the radial direction, the operating lever member 38 rotates counterclockwise around the fulcrum shaft 37, and the operating shaft 38a simultaneously operates each of the locking pawl members 34, 35, and 36 to the retracted position. Therefore, when the index lever 42 is released, each locking claw member releases its respective spring 39a.

Due to the spring elasticity of 39b and 39c, the engaging recesses 12° and 13.
29 will be returned to the position where it engages.

To explain how to use the universal parallel ruler according to the present invention having the above configuration, first, let us assume that the three basic axes of the three-dimensional diagram are X, Y, and Z in Figures 4a to 7. 10. The preset stopper 11 and the fixed preset stopper 28 can be set to correspond to the axis Y and the axis Z, respectively.

That is, each movable preset stopper 10.11 has an index 22a.

By making 23a correspond to the minute scale 7b of the protractor board 7, the axes X and Y can be set respectively, and since the axis Z forms a vertical line, the preset stopper 28 is fixed at the reference position of the minute scale. is set by.

After setting the angle, by tightening the fixed operation knobs 18a and 19a, the fixed operation members 16 and 17 are respectively fixed to the protractor board 7, and the preset stops 10 and 11 fixed to the fixed operation members 16 and 17 are also fixed to the index 22a. , 23a will be fixed to the protractor board 7.

Therefore, by loosening the fixing lever 8c and operating the index lever 42 provided on the side of the operating head section 4, the head shaft 3
and a locking claw member 3 that rotates together with the scale support member 2.
4, 35.36 to each of the above preset stoppers 10.1
1 and 2B, the three basic axes X, Y, and Z of the three-dimensional view are
You can draw each.

Moreover, if the base line fixing lever 31 is loosened and the protractor board 7 is rotated relative to the head support member 5, the basic three axes
, Y, and Z, the same three-dimensional figure can be drawn at a position rotated by a predetermined angle with respect to the drawing.

Therefore, if the protractor board 7 is configured to be rotatable in this way, there is no need to make the fixed preset stopper 28 of the embodiment movable.

Additionally, in normal drafting work, when the previously set base line position of the scale does not match the base line of the new drawing, for example when exchanging drawings, the base line fixing lever 31 can be loosened and the scale and minutes can be adjusted. This means that the scale can be made to match a new base line by rotating the board 7, which improves the efficiency of drafting work.

Further, the rotation angle of the scale can be set at any time from the index 6a of the frame portion 6 that rotates together with the scale and the degree scale 7a of the protractor plate 7. Alternatively, the preset stopper can be set at an arbitrary angular position by loosening the operating knob 18a or 19a and rotating the scale while 35 is engaged.

As described above, according to the universal parallel ruler for three-dimensional drawings according to the present invention, preset stoppers corresponding to at least two of the three basic axes of three-dimensional drawings are provided so that the angle can be set arbitrarily with respect to the protractor. The angle of the scale is set by abutting the preset stopper with a locking claw member that rotates together with the scale support member, so for example, two scales that always maintain a right angle can be set on each of the three basic axes. By selectively matching the set preset stopper, you can easily draw lines parallel and orthogonal to the three basic axes, and use the template to draw ellipses to be drawn on the three basic sides of a 3D drawing without being hindered by the scale. It can be easily drawn with orthogonality.

The scale has the effect of easily obtaining an orthogonal relationship between the major and minor axes of the ellipse.

Here, according to a configuration unique to the present invention, the preset stopper is provided so as to be movable along a cylindrical guide wall provided on the outer peripheral edge of the protractor, and the preset stopper Since the scale can be fixed at any position on the outside of the guide wall, the angle setting fixing operation member corresponding to each preset stopper can be removed from the protractor surface, and other scale fixing levers can be removed. This has the effect of eliminating conflicts between the preset stopper and the like, eliminating the cause of erroneous operation, and making it easier to read the minute scale. A hole is bored and a locking tooth row is provided on the outside of the guide elongated hole, and a fixing operation member having engaging teeth that engages with the locking tooth row is removably provided to fix the preset stopper. Because it has a structure,
Coupled with the fact that the fixed operating member of the preset stopper is located on the outer peripheral edge of the protractor and the operating radius can be increased, the preset stopper can be set accurately, reliably, and firmly.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view showing the structure of the main part with some parts omitted, and Figs. 3a to 3c each show the structure of the main part. 4a to 4c are schematic explanatory views for explaining the mode of use, respectively. 1a, lb...Scale (scale mounting plate),
2...Scale support member, meter...Head axis, 4...Operation head section, 5...Head support, 6...Frame Part, 6a...
・Indicator, 7... Protractor, 7at7b...
・Minute scale, 8...Sliding groove member, 8c...
...Scale fixing lever, 9...Guide wall section, 9
a. 9b... Guide slot, 10, 11... Preset stopper, 12, 13... Engagement recess, 14, 15... Locking member, 16 ,17...
... Fixed operation member, 18a, 19a ... Operation knob, 20, 21 ... Coil spring, 22, 2
3... Index member, 26° 27... Cover member, 28... Preset stopper, 29
......Engagement recess, 30...Base line fixing member, 31...Base line fixing lever, 32...
Support plate, 33... Fulcrum shaft, 34, 35, 36.
...Latching claw member, 31...Fulcrum shaft, 38
......Operating lever member, 38a... Actuation shaft, 40... Actuation member, 41... Lever lever, 42... Index lever.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A protractor is provided with preset stops corresponding to each of the three basic axes in a three-dimensional projection, and a scale support member is engaged with the preset stopper to selectively move the scale to any one of the three basic axes. In the flexible parallel ruler for stereographic projections, the angle can be set to 1, a cylindrical guide wall is provided at the outer peripheral edge of the protractor, and the preset stopper is attached to the inner wall of the guide wall to prevent rotation of the scale. 1. A flexible parallel ruler for stereographic projection, characterized in that the ruler is provided so as to be movable along a direction, and the preset stopper is configured to be fixed at an arbitrary setting position on the outside of a guide wall. 2. In claim 1, the scale support member is provided with a locking claw member that engages with each preset stopper, and the locking claw member is connected to each preset stopper with a single index lever. A universal parallel ruler for stereographic projection, characterized in that it is configured so that it can be attached and detached. 3. A three-dimensional projection method according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the preset stoppers is fixedly installed at a position corresponding to the base line of the protractor board, and the other preset stoppers are configured to be movable to set the angle. Universal parallel ruler. 4 In claim 3, a protractor equipped with a preset stopper is provided rotatably and arbitrarily fixed to the immovable support of the head, and the base line of the rotation angle of the scale is arbitrarily set. A free parallel ruler for stereographic projection, which is characterized by being designed to obtain 5 Preset stoppers corresponding to each of the three basic axes in the three-dimensional projection system are provided on the protractor, and a scale support member is engaged with the preset stoppers so that the angle of the scale can be selectively set on any one of the three basic axes. In the adjustable parallel ruler for stereographic projections, a cylindrical guide wall is provided at the outer peripheral edge of the protractor, and the preset stopper is mounted on the guide wall so as to be movable along the rotational direction of the scale. A fixed operating member having a guide elongated hole for guiding, a locking tooth row provided on the outside of the guide elongate hole, and engaging teeth that engage with the locking tooth row outside the guide elongate hole. is provided so as to be freely attachable and detachable, and the preset stopper is provided so as to be movable along the inside of the guide wall portion and arbitrarily fixed as the fixed operation member moves. . 6. A three-dimensional diagram blade according to claim 5, characterized in that the fixed operation member is provided with an index, and the index is made to face the minute scale of the protractor board so that the angle of the preset stopper can be set. Free parallel ruler. 1. In claim 5, the scale support member is provided with a locking claw member that engages with each preset stopper, and the locking claw member is attached to and detached from each preset stopper by a single index lever. A free parallel ruler for three-dimensional projection, characterized in that it is configured so as to obtain the desired results.