JPS59204680A - Water-retentive material - Google Patents
Water-retentive materialInfo
- Publication number
- JPS59204680A JPS59204680A JP58081234A JP8123483A JPS59204680A JP S59204680 A JPS59204680 A JP S59204680A JP 58081234 A JP58081234 A JP 58081234A JP 8123483 A JP8123483 A JP 8123483A JP S59204680 A JPS59204680 A JP S59204680A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- water
- fiber
- fibers
- mixture
- pref
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2027/00—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2027/08—PVDC, i.e. polyvinylidene chloride
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は、吸水・保水性能を有する繊維を利用した保水
材、特に農園芸用に適した保水材に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a water-retaining material using fibers having water-absorbing and water-retaining properties, and particularly to a water-retaining material suitable for agriculture and horticulture.
農園芸用の保水材として、天然のものでは、水どけ、わ
ら、おがくずまたはヒル石などがあシ、土と混合して用
いたシ、保水、保温および土の脱落防止などの・U的で
繊維、紙などと組み合せて植物の根部に用いたシしてい
る。しかしながら、近年は天然の水ごけが自然の破壊な
どによシ採取しにくり、また農業や林業の作業方法の変
化によって、わらまたはおがくずなどの採取が難しくな
ってきている。そのために、高吸水性樹脂を土壌に混合
したり(例えば、特開昭57−25586号公報、同5
6−155286号公報まだは同 56−159580
号公報)、水ごけの代替品としてヒートシール可能なフ
ィルムに高吸水性樹脂を散布して乾燥したり(特開昭5
6−84779号公報)、高吸水性能を有する25〜1
25■−のセンイを不織布状物に成形したり(特開昭5
6−131318号公報)して、保水性をもたせた農園
芸用保水材が工夫されてきている。さらに最も新しくは
、保水材用の高吸水性積層物として高吸水性高分子発泡
体フィルムを用いたもの(特開昭57−208236号
公報)もある。As a water retention material for agriculture and gardening, natural materials such as straw, sawdust or hill stone can be used as ashes, and materials mixed with soil can be used to retain water, retain heat, and prevent soil from falling off. It is used in combination with fibers, paper, etc. on the roots of plants. However, in recent years, natural water drainage has become difficult to collect due to natural destruction, and changes in agricultural and forestry work methods have made it difficult to collect straw or sawdust. For this purpose, super absorbent resins are mixed with soil (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 57-25586,
6-155286 Publication No. 56-159580
(Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 5), a heat-sealable film is sprayed with a super absorbent resin and dried as a substitute for water drainage (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5
6-84779), 25-1 with high water absorption performance
25■- is molded into a non-woven fabric (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5
6-131318), agricultural and horticultural water retaining materials with water retaining properties have been devised. Furthermore, the newest one is a superabsorbent laminate for water retaining material that uses a superabsorbent polymer foam film (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 57-208236).
しかしながら、高吸水性樹脂を土と混合して用いると、
吸水性が著しく大きいために土に対する添加量が少なく
、均一混合が難しいという点や、水を含むと土の比厘よ
シ軽くなるため土壌の表面に浮き出し、露出し、長時間
の雨、日光の曝露による高吸水性樹脂の部分的な可溶化
による可溶分の発生によシ土壌表面が固化し、かえって
水が浸透しに<<、さらに空気の流通が困難なだめに根
ぐされを起し、植物の生育が難しいことなどがあり、期
待される効果が得られていない。また、ヒートシール可
能なフィルムに高吸水性樹脂を散布して乾燥させた水ご
け用保水材や高吸水性高分子発泡体フィルムを用いた積
層物は、保水能力が十分でなく、植物が発芽しに<<、
枯れやすい。さを不織布状に成形したものは、熱接着に
よって不織布状に成形しているため、製造上保水性のコ
ントロールが難しく、成形物の形状が限定され、十分な
空気層が形成されに<<、根の伸びがさまたげられるた
め植物の成育が良くない。However, when super absorbent resin is mixed with soil,
Because water absorption is extremely high, the amount added to the soil is small, making it difficult to mix uniformly. Also, when water is added, the soil becomes lighter in weight, so it stands out on the surface of the soil and is exposed, causing prolonged rain and sunlight. The partial solubilization of superabsorbent resins caused by exposure to water causes the generation of soluble components, which solidifies the soil surface, causing water to penetrate and rooting in areas where air circulation is difficult. , it is difficult for plants to grow, and the expected effects are not achieved. In addition, water retention materials for water basins made by spraying superabsorbent resin on a heat-sealable film and drying them, and laminates using superabsorbent polymer foam films do not have sufficient water retention capacity, and plants may not germinate. To <<,
Easy to wither. Since the non-woven fabric is molded into a non-woven fabric by thermal bonding, it is difficult to control the water retention during manufacturing, the shape of the molded product is limited, and a sufficient air layer cannot be formed. Plant growth is poor because root growth is hindered.
本発明者はかかる現状に鑑み鋭意研究を電ねた結果、実
用上程々の利点を有する保水材、特に農園芸用保水材を
見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。In view of the current situation, the present inventor has conducted extensive research, and as a result, has discovered a water retaining material, particularly a water retaining material for agriculture and horticulture, that has moderate practical advantages, and has completed the present invention.
本発明は、保水材、特に、高吸水性樹脂の吸水・保水性
能を充分に発揮し、植物の成長のために必要な空気の存
在する層を形成し、きらには根の成長をさまたげず、強
固に安定した育成床として取扱い易い人工の農園芸用保
水材を提供する目的とする。The present invention fully demonstrates the water absorption and water retention performance of water retention materials, especially superabsorbent resins, forms a layer containing air necessary for plant growth, and does not hinder root growth. The purpose of the present invention is to provide an artificial water retaining material for agriculture and horticulture that can be easily handled as a strong and stable growing bed.
本発明によれば上記目的は、水溶性重合体、該重合体の
架橋剤および溶剤からなシ、脱溶剤により高吸水性樹脂
を形成しうる混合物で処理することによって得られた吸
水性能を有する繊維(以下11に高吸水性a維と称す)
(A)、ならびに前記混合物で処理していない繊維また
はヌトリッグ状フィルム(B)をよシ合せてまだは織成
して得られた繊維複合体によって達成される。According to the present invention, the above object is to have water absorption performance obtained by treatment with a mixture of a water-soluble polymer, a crosslinking agent for the polymer, and a solvent, which can form a super absorbent resin by removing the solvent. Fiber (hereinafter referred to as super absorbent A fiber in 11)
(A) and fibers or nutrig-like films (B) which have not been treated with said mixture are combined and still woven into a fiber composite.
本発明にかいて用いる高吸水性繊維の基材となる繊維と
しては、例えば、木綿、羊毛、麻、絹などの天然繊維、
レイヨンで代表される半合成繊維、ポリビニルアルコー
ル
ミド繊t1F(ナイロン)、ポリエチVン繊維、ポリグ
ロピVン繊維、ポリエステ)V繊維、アクリル系繊維、
ポリ塩化ビニリテ゛ン繊維などの合成繊維、例えばガラ
ス繊維、カーボン繊維、アスベスト繊維などの無is維
が挙げられる。なかでも、脱溶剤によシ高吸水性樹脂を
形成しうる混合物に用いられる水溶性重合体および該重
合体の架橋剤となじみのよい吸水性をもった木綿、麻、
ビニロンが特に好ましい。なお、綿や麻は土に混ぜたと
きに長期間経過後、分解するために好ましく使用される
。これらの繊維は単独でまた2種以上組合せて用いられ
る。Examples of the fibers that serve as the base material of the superabsorbent fibers used in the present invention include natural fibers such as cotton, wool, linen, and silk;
Semi-synthetic fibers such as rayon, polyvinyl alcohol amide fiber T1F (nylon), polyethylene V fiber, polyglopy V fiber, polyester) V fiber, acrylic fiber,
Examples include synthetic fibers such as polyvinyl chloride fibers, and non-IS fibers such as glass fibers, carbon fibers, and asbestos fibers. Among them, cotton, linen, etc., which have water-absorbing properties that are compatible with the water-soluble polymer used in the mixture that can form a superabsorbent resin with a solvent remover and the crosslinking agent of the polymer, are used.
Vinylon is particularly preferred. Note that cotton and hemp are preferably used because they decompose after a long period of time when mixed with soil. These fibers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
これらの繊維の長さは、高吸水性化処理のだめの混合液
で連続処理することや最終的な保水材、特に農園芸用保
水材の用途によって神々選択できるが、20111よシ
短かいと高吸水性化処理のだめの混合液による処理が難
しいうえに、2本以上よシ合せて繊維複合体にした時に
空気層を形成する空間が得られず、さらには前記混合液
の処理によって繊維に付着した高吸水性樹脂の脱落が起
る。The length of these fibers can be selected depending on the continuous treatment with the mixed liquid of the superabsorbent treatment and the final water retention material, especially the water retention material for agriculture and horticulture. Not only is it difficult to process with the liquid mixture used for water absorption treatment, but when two or more fibers are combined to form a fiber composite, there is no space to form an air layer. The super absorbent resin will fall off.
したがって、繊維の長さとしては20闘以上であまた、
繊維の太さは1〜50デニ−)v、とりわけ1〜50デ
ニールの範囲にあるのが好ましい。Therefore, the length of the fiber is more than 20 mm,
The thickness of the fibers is preferably in the range of 1 to 50 deniers, particularly 1 to 50 deniers.
これらの繊維は、単繊維で用いることができるが、2本
以上よシ合せた糸、ひも状、さらには狭幅の織布の形で
用いることもできる。These fibers can be used in the form of single fibers, but they can also be used in the form of two or more twisted yarns, strings, or even narrow woven fabrics.
本発明において脱溶剤により高吸水性樹脂を形成しうる
混合物に用いる水溶性重合体としては、分子中にカルボ
キシル基、その塩、または水酸基を含有する水溶性重合
体が好ましく、ゼラチン、セルロース誘導体等の天然の
水酸基含有重合体やセルロース誘導体で代表される天然
のカルボキシルール
レイン酸とビニル化合物もしくはビニリデン化合物、特
にα−オレフィンとの共重合体(無水マレ合成の水溶性
重合体が好ましい。特に後述する架橋剤との組み合わせ
から、α−オレフィン−無水マレイン酸共重合体と塩基
性物質との塩を水溶性重合体として用いたものが、特に
好ましい。In the present invention, the water-soluble polymer used in the mixture that can form a superabsorbent resin by removing solvent is preferably a water-soluble polymer containing a carboxyl group, a salt thereof, or a hydroxyl group in the molecule, such as gelatin, cellulose derivatives, etc. A copolymer of natural carboxyluleic acid represented by a natural hydroxyl group-containing polymer or a cellulose derivative, and a vinyl compound or a vinylidene compound, especially an α-olefin (a water-soluble polymer synthesized by anhydrous male synthesis is preferable, especially as described below) Particularly preferred is a water-soluble polymer using a salt of an α-olefin-maleic anhydride copolymer and a basic substance in combination with a crosslinking agent.
ここで、α−オレフィンとは直鎖状または分岐状の炭素
数2〜12、好ましくは2〜8を有する不飽和炭化水素
を意味し、その例としてはエチレン、プロピレン、ブテ
ン−1、ブテン−2、イソブチレン、n−ペンテン、イ
ソプレン、2−メチル−1−ブテン、n−ヘキサン2−
メチ/1/−1−ペンテン、3−メチル−1−ペンテン
、4−メチル−1−ペンテン、2−エチ/L/−1−ブ
テン、ジイソブチノン、1,6−ブタジェン、1−、6
−ペンタジェン、1,5−ヘキサジエン、1−3−オク
タジエン、2−メチiV−4−ジエf)シー1−ペンテ
ン、2−メチル−4−ジメチル−2−ペンテンが挙げら
れる。なかでも−、イソブチレンが好ましく用いられる
。なお、ここでインブチレンとはインブチレンを含むリ
ターンBBをも意味する。Here, α-olefin means a linear or branched unsaturated hydrocarbon having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include ethylene, propylene, butene-1, butene-1, and 2, isobutylene, n-pentene, isoprene, 2-methyl-1-butene, n-hexane 2-
Methyl/1/-1-pentene, 3-methyl-1-pentene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 2-ethy/L/-1-butene, diisobutynone, 1,6-butadiene, 1-,6
-pentadiene, 1,5-hexadiene, 1-3-octadiene, 2-methyV-4-diene, 1-pentene, 2-methyl-4-dimethyl-2-pentene. Among them, isobutylene is preferably used. In addition, inbutylene here also means return BB containing inbutylene.
またα−オレフィン以外のビニルまたはビニリデン化合
物とは、無水マレイン酸と共重合しうる不飽和化合物を
ぎい、例えばスチレン、塩化ビニル、酢酸ビニル、フ0
ロピオン酸ビニル、アクリロニ ト リ ル、 メ
タ り リ 口 ニ ト リ ル 、 メ チ ル
ビ ニ ル エーテル、アクリル酸エステル、メタクリ
ル酸エステルまたはビニルアルコ−)V (単量体とし
ては工業的に使用できないが、例えば酢酸ビニルを共重
合した後にケン化して得られる)等である。これらの単
量体は単独で用いてもよいし、′また2種類以上を組合
せて用いてもよい。これらの単量体のウチ、α−オレフ
ィン、メチルビニルエーテルたはスチレンが好ましく用
いられるが、α−オレフィン、特にイソブチレンの使用
が本発明の目的に最も合致している。Vinyl or vinylidene compounds other than α-olefins refer to unsaturated compounds that can be copolymerized with maleic anhydride, such as styrene, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, and vinylidene compounds.
Vinyl ropionate, acrylonitrile, metal
Tally mouth Nitrile, Methyl
Vinyl ether, acrylic acid ester, methacrylic acid ester, or vinyl alcohol)V (although it cannot be used industrially as a monomer, it can be obtained, for example, by copolymerizing vinyl acetate and then saponifying it). These monomers may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these monomers, α-olefins, methyl vinyl ether and styrene are preferably used, but the use of α-olefins, especially isobutylene, is most suitable for the purpose of the present invention.
カルボキシル基含有重合体又は共重合体と反応させる塩
基性物質としてはアンモニア、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸
化カリウム寿があり、本発明で好ましく用いられる無水
マンイン酸系共垂合体の場合にはその無水マレイン酸基
1モルに対して03〜2モルの範囲で使用するのが好ま
しい。なお、アンモニアはガス状であっても水に溶解し
たものであってもよい。Basic substances to be reacted with the carboxyl group-containing polymer or copolymer include ammonia, sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide. It is preferably used in an amount of 0.3 to 2 moles per mole of acid group. Note that ammonia may be in gaseous form or may be dissolved in water.
繊維を処理する際水溶性重合体とあわせて用いる架橋剤
としては、水溶性重合体の種類によυ選択の仕方が異な
るが、水酸基を有する水溶性重合体の場合、例えばポリ
ビニルアルコール多価インシアネート化合物、ホウ砂、
ホウ素化合物などが使用される。丑だ、カルレボキシル
基ヲ有する水溶性重合体、例えばα−オレフィンと無水
マレイン酸との共重合体の塩や、ポリアクリル酸まだは
その塩の場合は多価アミンまたは多価エポキシ化合物が
使用される。The crosslinking agent used in conjunction with the water-soluble polymer when treating fibers varies depending on the type of water-soluble polymer, but in the case of a water-soluble polymer with hydroxyl groups, for example, polyvinyl alcohol polyhydric cyanate compounds, borax,
Boron compounds and the like are used. In the case of water-soluble polymers having carboxyl groups, such as salts of copolymers of α-olefin and maleic anhydride, polyacrylic acid, and salts thereof, polyvalent amines or polyvalent epoxy compounds are used. Ru.
架橋剤として使用される多価アミンとは、例えばテトラ
エチレンペンタミン、トリエチレンテトラミン、ペンタ
エチレンへキザミン、エチレンジアミン、直鎖状のポリ
エチレンイミン又は分岐を有するポリエチレンイミンな
どで水溶性重合体100重量部あたり0.2〜60事量
部用いられる、7また多価エポキシ化合物とは、エポキ
シ系の架橋剤として良く知られている親水性又は水溶性
の多価上ジ
ボキシ化合物で、例えばグリセリ着゛リシジルエーテル
、エチレンクリコールジグリシジルエーテル 、ポ
リ ア ル キ し ン グ リ コ ー ル ジ グ
リ シ ジ ル エ ーチルなどがある。これらの多
価エポキシ化合物は水溶性重合体100重量部あたり0
.5〜50厘量部用いられる。The polyvalent amine used as a crosslinking agent includes, for example, tetraethylenepentamine, triethylenetetramine, pentaethylenehexamine, ethylenediamine, linear polyethyleneimine, or branched polyethyleneimine, which is a water-soluble polymer of 100 parts by weight. The polyhydric epoxy compound, which is used in an amount of 0.2 to 60 parts, is a hydrophilic or water-soluble polyhydric diboxyl compound that is well known as an epoxy crosslinking agent. cidyl ether, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, po
There are real estate agents, real estate agents, and real estate agents. These polyvalent epoxy compounds are 0 per 100 parts by weight of the water-soluble polymer.
.. 5 to 50 parts are used.
本発明において脱溶剤により高吸水性樹脂を形成しうる
混合物に用いられる溶剤としては、種々の有機溶剤も使
用できるが、取扱いやすさ、コストなどの点で水が最も
好ましい。In the present invention, various organic solvents can be used as the solvent for the mixture from which a superabsorbent resin can be formed by removing the solvent, but water is most preferable in terms of ease of handling and cost.
繊維を処理する時に用いる水溶性重合体、架橋al −
b t− re ie 811−A、L % Z. a
− A− km ry +− 1.J− y −+−
y+二1w+、e八体の濃度は2〜50%、好ましくは
4〜3o%がよい。この濃度より低いと十分保水性を得
ることが出来ず、高すぎると高吸水性繊維となったとき
タフネスがなく、剛いためにより合せの工程が難しく、
まだ吸水性が著しく高くなるために高吸水性樹脂の脱落
が防げない。Water-soluble polymer used when treating fibers, crosslinked al-
b t-re ie 811-A, L % Z. a
- A- km ry +- 1. J- y −+−
The concentration of the y+21w+ and e 8 bodies is preferably 2 to 50%, preferably 4 to 3o%. If the concentration is lower than this, it will not be possible to obtain sufficient water retention, and if it is too high, the superabsorbent fiber will lack toughness and will be stiff, making the twisting process difficult.
It is still not possible to prevent the super absorbent resin from falling off because the water absorbency is extremely high.
例えばドラムに繊維を巻きつけてドラムといっしょに、
前記混合物の入っている1薯に浸し、塗布する方法、前
記混合物を繊維に散布する方法、前記混合物の入ってい
る槽に繊維を浸ししばる方法などがある。その際、繊維
は単純な1本の繊維でなくても2本以上のよシ集ったも
のでもよい。保水性と空気層の確保という意味からは2
本以上のより集ったものの方が良い。なぜならば処理さ
れた後の高吸水性繊維を水に浸した時混合液がゲル化し
ているために、その膨潤圧力によってよりかもどり、空
気層をさらに拡大することが出来るためである。For example, by wrapping fibers around a drum,
There are methods such as dipping and applying the mixture into a loaf containing the mixture, spreading the mixture onto the fibers, and immersing the fibers in a tank containing the mixture. In this case, the fiber may not be a single simple fiber, but may be a collection of two or more fibers. From the point of view of securing water retention and air space, it is 2.
It's better if it's more than just a book, it's a collection. This is because when the treated superabsorbent fibers are immersed in water, the mixed liquid turns into a gel, and the swelling pressure causes it to return to its original shape, further expanding the air layer.
前記混合液の繊維への付着量は繊維のtL量に対して6
〜100%、とりわけ5〜10fOとなる量で、付着し
た高吸水性樹脂の吸水倍率が20倍以上となるような範
囲であるのが好ましい。なお、ここで吸水倍率とは、蒸
留水に浸漬した後の重量を浸゛漬前の重量で除いた値(
倍)を意味する。The amount of the mixed liquid attached to the fiber is 6 with respect to the tL amount of the fiber.
-100%, especially 5-10 fO, preferably in a range such that the water absorption capacity of the attached super absorbent resin is 20 times or more. The water absorption capacity here is the value obtained by subtracting the weight after immersion in distilled water by the weight before immersion (
times).
なお、繊維を処理する際、繊維もしくは混合液に、各種
の植物の種、肥料、植物の成長促進剤、薬剤、砂、粘土
などを加えることができ、無限長の種を含んだ農園芸用
保水材として成形した場合は今までとは全く違った農業
方法が得られるし、肥料、植物の成長促進剤、薬剤など
の土壌に対する与え方も改良でき省力化に寄与できる。In addition, when processing fibers, various plant seeds, fertilizers, plant growth promoters, chemicals, sand, clay, etc. can be added to the fibers or mixed solution. If it is molded into a water-retaining material, a completely different agricultural method can be obtained than before, and the way fertilizers, plant growth promoters, and chemicals are applied to the soil can also be improved, contributing to labor savings.
また砂、粘土などをいっしょに含ませることによシ今ま
での高吸水性樹脂が水を含んだ時、比重が低下し土壌表
面に露出しやすいという難点を確実に改良することもで
きる。Furthermore, by incorporating sand, clay, etc., it is possible to reliably overcome the drawbacks of conventional superabsorbent resins in that when they become saturated with water, their specific gravity decreases and they tend to be exposed on the soil surface.
このようにして得られた高吸水性繊維(A)を保護し、
付着した高吸水性樹脂の繊維からの脱落を防止し、適当
な空気層を与え、農園芸用保水材として用いた時、植物
の根の成長を妨げず、しかもしっかりと固定するために
より合せて用いる繊維(水溶性本合体、架橋剤および溶
剤からなシ、脱溶剤によシ高吸水性樹脂を形成しうる混
合液で処理していない繊維)およびストリップ状のフィ
ルムについて次に述べる。前者の繊維には本発明におい
て高吸水性繊維をつくる際に用いた同種または異種の繊
維が使用される。なかでも吸水時でもタフネスを有する
疎水性合成繊維、例えばポリエチVン繊維、ポリプロピ
レン繊維、ポリ塩化ビニリデン繊維が好ましい場合が多
い。これらは単独でも、2種以上組合せても、さらには
よシ合せて糸、ひも状にして用いてよい。一方、ストリ
ップ状のフィルムとは、セルロース、ポリ酢酸ビニル、
ホリビニルアルコール、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体
もしくはそのケン化物、ポリエステル、ポリプロピレン
、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、ポリスチレン
、ポリアミド、ポリエステル等の熱可塑性樹脂のストリ
ップ状のフィルムを意味するが、かかるストリップ状の
フィルムはよりがかかりやすいように厚さが5〜300
’μで幅が50〜1000μの範囲にあるのが望ましい
8また、その畏さは20m以上であるのが好ましい。嵩
高性を付与するために711ツグ状のフィルムは2枚以
上で用いるのが好ましい。また、同じ目的のためにスト
リップ状のフィルムにスリットを入れたものやパンチン
グしたものも用いることができる。Protecting the superabsorbent fiber (A) obtained in this way,
It prevents attached superabsorbent resin from falling off the fibers, provides an appropriate air layer, and when used as a water retention material for agriculture and horticulture, does not hinder the growth of plant roots and is twisted to securely fix the fibers. The fibers used (fibers containing no water-soluble main body, crosslinking agent and solvent, and fibers not treated with a mixed solution capable of forming a superabsorbent resin by desolvation) and the strip-shaped film will be described below. For the former type of fibers, the same or different types of fibers used in producing the superabsorbent fibers in the present invention are used. Among these, hydrophobic synthetic fibers that have toughness even when water is absorbed, such as polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, and polyvinylidene chloride fibers, are often preferred. These may be used alone, in combination of two or more, or even twisted together to form a thread or string. On the other hand, strip-shaped films include cellulose, polyvinyl acetate,
It refers to a strip-shaped film of thermoplastic resin such as polyvinyl alcohol, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer or saponified product thereof, polyester, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, etc., and such a strip The thickness of the shaped film is 5 to 300 mm to make it easier to twist.
It is preferable that the width is in the range of 50 to 1000μ8, and the width is preferably 20m or more. In order to impart bulkiness, it is preferable to use two or more 711-shaped films. Furthermore, for the same purpose, a strip-like film with slits or punches can also be used.
高吸水性繊維(醇と高吸水性化処理していない繊aまた
はストリップ状フィルム(B)をより合せて得られる繊
維複合体は、種々の形態があるが、代表的な例としては
、第1図で示されるような、高吸水性繊維1と高吸水性
化処理していない繊維2とを各々1木をより合せたもの
、第2図で示されるような、高吸水性繊維1と高吸水性
化処理していない繊維2とを各々2本用いてより合せた
もの、第3図のような、高吸水性繊維1を中心にして高
吸水性化処理していない繊維2複数本で周囲をよシ合せ
たもの、第4図のような、高吸水性繊維1を複数本よシ
合せ、その周囲をさらに高吸水性化処理していない繊維
2複数本でょシ合せたもの、または第5〜7図のような
、高吸水性繊維1とストリップ状フィルム5とをよシ合
せたもの等が挙げられる。なかでも、高吸水性繊維が複
合体の表面にでていないものが好ましい。高吸水性繊維
(A)と高吸水性化処理していない繊維(B1)または
スl−Uツブ状フィルム(B2)との使用割合は高吸水
性繊維(A)1に対して高吸水性化処理していない繊維
またはストリップ状フィルム1〜5o、と9わけ2〜2
0となる割合(重量割合、まだは本数側)で、複合体と
しての吸水倍率が自重の5倍以上、と9わけ15倍以上
となるような割合となる範囲が好寸しい。また、より合
せて得られた複合体は1〜5 mWの直径を有するのが
好ましい。The fiber composite obtained by twisting super-absorbent fibers and fibers (A) or strip-like films (B) that have not been subjected to super-absorbent treatment has various forms, but typical examples include As shown in Fig. 1, super absorbent fiber 1 and non-super absorbent fiber 2 are twisted into one piece each, and as shown in Fig. 2, super absorbent fiber 1 and fiber 2 are twisted together. Two or more fibers 2 that have not been treated to make them superabsorbent and twisted together, as shown in Figure 3, where two or more fibers that have not been made to make them superabsorbent are centered around superabsorbent fiber 1. 4, where multiple super absorbent fibers 1 are tied together, and the surrounding area is further tied together with 2 fibers that have not been treated to make them highly absorbent. , or a combination of super absorbent fibers 1 and strip-like film 5 as shown in Figures 5 to 7. Among these, super absorbent fibers do not appear on the surface of the composite. is preferable.The ratio of the superabsorbent fiber (A) and the fiber (B1) that has not been treated to make it superabsorbent or the sl-U tubular film (B2) is 1 to 1 of the superabsorbent fiber (A). Fibers or strip-like films that have not been treated to make them superabsorbent 1 to 5 o, and 9 parts 2 to 2
A suitable range is such that the water absorption capacity of the composite is 5 times or more, ie, 9 times or more than 15 times its own weight, at a ratio of 0 (weight ratio, still number side). Moreover, it is preferable that the composite obtained by twisting has a diameter of 1 to 5 mW.
なお、その侵さは実質的に無限長であるのが好ましいが
、用途によっては適当な長さに切断してもよいが、複合
体のよシが戻らない様に20ffIN以上にするのが望
ましい。Although it is preferable that the length is substantially infinite, it may be cut to an appropriate length depending on the use, but it is preferably 20 ffIN or more to prevent the composite from losing its integrity.
よりによる繊維複合体の製造にあたっては、常法の製造
方法が採用される。その際、接着剤を用また、本発明に
おいて、複合体は高吸水性繊維(A)と高吸水性化処理
していなか繊維まだはストリップ状フィルム(B)とを
用いて製織した織布をも意味する。A conventional manufacturing method is used to manufacture the fiber composite by twisting. In the present invention, the composite is made of a woven fabric woven using super absorbent fibers (A) and a strip-like film (B) that is made of fibers that have not been treated to make them super absorbent. also means
本発明の保水材は、高吸水性繊維(A)と繊a(B1)
またはストリップ状フィルム(B2)とによって生み出
される空間と、高吸水性繊維の保水性を利用し、さらに
は糸またはひも状によりあわさっているため、水に浸漬
又は水を吸水した時よりかもどシ、さらに空間を増加し
、短かい繊維の組みあわすでなく、無限長の長さを持つ
ことができるだめ、植物の根部にまきつけ易く、またこ
れらの糸またはひも状の保水材をさらにょシ合ゎせて束
ねたシ、織成や編組の工程を加えて織布や編布を作るこ
とができるし、うずまき状にまいたものを部分的に固定
して、ループカーペット状のものを作ることも可能で水
苔の代替、育苗床などの農園芸用途に広く応用できる。The water retaining material of the present invention comprises super absorbent fiber (A) and fiber a (B1).
It also utilizes the space created by the strip film (B2) and the water retention properties of super absorbent fibers, and is also combined in the form of threads or strings, making it easier to absorb water than when immersed in water or absorbing water. , which can further increase the space and have infinite length instead of short fibers, making it easier to wrap around the roots of plants, and these thread or string-like water retention materials can be further combined. Woven and knitted fabrics can be made by waving and bundling, weaving and braiding processes, and loop carpet-like items can be made by partially fixing pieces sown in a spiral shape. It can also be used in a wide range of agricultural and horticultural applications, such as replacing sphagnum moss and growing seedbeds.
まだ、繊維長が短がいものは土と混合して用いることも
できるし、先に述べた様に種や肥料植物の成長促進剤、
薬剤、土、砂を混ぜたものは新しい農業技術の発展のた
めに役立つと考える。However, potatoes with short fiber length can be used by mixing with soil, and as mentioned earlier, they can be used as seeds, fertilizers, and plant growth promoters.
We believe that a mixture of chemicals, soil, and sand will be useful for the development of new agricultural technology.
また、別の用途として保水材が無限長であるために種々
の電線やケーブルの吸湿材として、また土木用途におけ
る目止めや、止水材としての用途も考えられ、さらには
適当な長さに切って石油掘削1.各種土木工事等の逸泥
防止などにも利用できる。又、特殊な使い方としては、
本発明の保水材をてぶくろ状にあみ、ラテックス処理を
したところ、止水して、内部にまで水が浸透しないため
、作業能率が著しく向上するという様な利点も見い出さ
れている。In addition, since the water-retaining material has an infinite length, it can be used as a moisture-absorbing material for various electric wires and cables, as a filler in civil engineering applications, and as a water-stopping material. Cut and drill for oil 1. It can also be used to prevent mud slipping during various types of civil engineering work. Also, for special usage,
It has also been found that when the water-retaining material of the present invention is placed in a bag shape and treated with latex, it stops water and does not allow water to penetrate into the material, resulting in a significant improvement in work efficiency.
次に本発明を実施例及び比較例によって具体的に説明す
るが、本発明はそれらによって何ら限定されるものでは
ない。Next, the present invention will be specifically explained with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
実施例1及び比較例1〜5
イソブチレン−無水マレイン酸共重合体(ω−1,06
共重合体中のモル比、インブチレン:無水マレイン酸=
1:1、クラレイソプレンケミカル■製、イソパン−1
0)100重量部を容器中で攪拌しながらアンモニアガ
スを吹き込み、イソブチレン−無水マレイン酸共重合体
とアンモニアとの反応生成物117重量部を調整したっ
このアンモンジグリシジルエーテ/L’1.2重量部を
加えて攪拌し、太さ0.3調の綿糸を浸し、80%の絞
り率で絞った後、ドラムに巻き80℃で20分の乾燥熱
処理を行って吸水倍率20倍の高吸水性繊維を得た。こ
の高吸水性繊維と0.4mの綿糸5本とをよシあわせ、
農園芸用保水材を得た。この保水材2りをランダムに直
径8CI11、深さ2αのシャーレに入れ、つまみ菜の
種をまいて、水5 ccを与え、25℃の室内にて発芽
性、成長性をみた。比較のためK、太さ0.4鰭の綿糸
2g、市販の水苔、および市販の水苔代替品(商品名、
ニュー水苔)を用いて同様に発芽性、成長性をみてみた
。これらの結果を第1表に示す。Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 Isobutylene-maleic anhydride copolymer (ω-1,06
Molar ratio in copolymer, inbutylene: maleic anhydride =
1:1, manufactured by Clarey Isoprene Chemical ■, Isopan-1
0) This ammonia diglycidyl ether/L'1.2 weight was prepared by blowing ammonia gas into 100 parts by weight in a container while stirring to prepare 117 parts by weight of a reaction product of isobutylene-maleic anhydride copolymer and ammonia. After soaking a cotton thread with a thickness of 0.3 and squeezing it at a squeezing rate of 80%, it was wrapped around a drum and subjected to dry heat treatment at 80℃ for 20 minutes to create a super absorbent product with a water absorption capacity of 20 times. Obtained fiber. This super absorbent fiber is mixed with five 0.4m cotton threads,
A water retaining material for agriculture and horticulture was obtained. Two pieces of this water-retaining material were randomly placed in a Petri dish with a diameter of 8 CI 11 and a depth of 2 α, seeds of Tsumamina were sown, 5 cc of water was added, and germination and growth were observed in a room at 25°C. For comparison, K, 2 g of cotton thread with a thickness of 0.4 fin, commercially available sphagnum moss, and a commercially available sphagnum substitute (product name,
We similarly examined germination and growth using New Sphagnum moss). These results are shown in Table 1.
ポリアクリル酸(日本紬薬(製)ジュリマ−AC−10
H)の7%水溶液97重量部へ水酸化ナトリウム3部を
添加してポリアクリル酸ソーダ水溶液を作成した。この
水溶液100重量部へテトラエチレンペンタミン0.5
重量部を加えて攪拌し、太さ0.4mのビニロン糸を浸
し、90饅の絞り率で絞った後、オープン中にて50℃
で6時間加熱し、吸水倍率25倍の高吸水性繊維を得た
。この高吸水性繊維6本をよシあわせた後、さらに太さ
0.4ffのビニロン糸をよシあわさった高吸水性繊維
を中心としてよシあわせ、農園芸用保水材を得た。との
保水材を実施例1と同様の方法でつまみ菜の成長性を評
価したところ発芽性は1日で発芽率も96%と高く、成
長性も4.5aRで優れておシ枯死点も7日と良好であ
り、最大板の長さは3(:l1gであった。Polyacrylic acid (manufactured by Nippon Tsumugi Co., Ltd.) Jurimer-AC-10
A sodium polyacrylate aqueous solution was prepared by adding 3 parts of sodium hydroxide to 97 parts by weight of a 7% aqueous solution of H). Add 0.5 parts of tetraethylenepentamine to 100 parts by weight of this aqueous solution.
Add part by weight, stir, soak vinylon thread with a thickness of 0.4 m, squeeze it at a squeezing rate of 90, and then heat it to 50°C while opening.
The fibers were heated for 6 hours to obtain super absorbent fibers with a water absorption capacity of 25 times. After weaving these six superabsorbent fibers together, we further weaved the superabsorbent fibers made by twisting vinylon threads of 0.4 ff in thickness to obtain a water retaining material for agriculture and horticulture. The growth performance of snacks was evaluated using the same method as in Example 1. The germination rate was as high as 96% in one day, and the growth performance was excellent at 4.5aR, with a withering point of 7. The maximum plate length was 3 (: 1 g).
実施例6
ポリビニルアルコ−)V (■クラレ製PVA −1
17)8−水溶液に太さ肌411sのビニロン糸を浸し
、60係の絞り率で絞った後、10多硼砂水溶液に浸し
、90%の絞り率で絞シ、ドラムに巻きとって80℃で
10分の乾燥を行った。得られた高吸水性繊維6本と、
厚さ0.01ff、幅0.2鱈ノヌトリップ状のビニロ
ンフィルム8本をよりあわせ、農園芸用保水材を得た。Example 6 Polyvinyl alcohol) V (PVA-1 manufactured by Kuraray)
17) 8- Soak a vinylon thread with a thickness of 411s in an aqueous solution, squeeze it at a squeezing rate of 60, then soak it in a 10% borax aqueous solution, squeeze it at a squeezing rate of 90%, and wind it around a drum at 80℃. Drying was performed for 10 minutes. The six superabsorbent fibers obtained,
A water retaining material for agriculture and horticulture was obtained by twisting together eight vinylon films in the shape of 0.01 ff in thickness and 0.2 in width.
との保水材を用いて、実施例1と同様の方法で発芽性、
成長性を評価したところ、発芽性は1日で発芽率は96
%であり、成長性も4.5鐸で優れておυ、枯死点も5
日と長かった。最大板の長さは2.5備であった。Germination was determined in the same manner as in Example 1 using a water retaining material of
When growth was evaluated, the germination rate was 96 in 1 day.
%, the growth rate is excellent at 4.5%, and the withering point is 5%.
It was a long day. The maximum board length was 2.5 mm.
実施例4および比較例4
実施例1で得られたひも状の農園芸用保水材を直径50
備の植木鉢の内壁にそってとぐろ状に約6mを入れた。Example 4 and Comparative Example 4 The string-shaped agricultural and horticultural water retaining material obtained in Example 1 was
I placed about 6 meters of coiled material along the inner wall of the flower pot.
市販されていた高さ20cIItのピーマンの苗を6月
に植えつけ、周囲に鹿沼土を入れて屋外にて成育状況を
観察した。ピーマンは暑い夏においても潅水を必要とせ
ず、雨のみで11月の下旬まで実の収穫を可能にした。Commercially available green pepper seedlings with a height of 20 cIIt were planted in June, surrounded by Kanuma soil, and the growth status was observed outdoors. Green peppers do not require irrigation even in the hot summer, and can be harvested until late November using only rain.
11月の下旬に鉢よりピーマンをぬきと9、根の発育状
況を観察したところ、鉢の内壁に向って根が十分に成長
し、雨水をうまく吸収していることがわかった。When we removed the peppers from their pots in late November and observed their root development, we found that the roots had grown sufficiently toward the inner wall of the pot and were absorbing rainwater well.
一方、比較のために、上記の農園芸用保水材を用いず、
その分を鹿沼土分用いる他は上記と同様にして直径30
備の植木鉢に高さ20txのピーマンの苗を5月に植え
つけ、屋外にて成薩状況を観察した。ピーマンは暑い夏
に入ってまもなり(7月下旬)に潅水を行わなかったた
め枯れてしまった。根は、鉢の内壁にまで述しているも
のもあるが集合密度は上記実施例に比し低かった。On the other hand, for comparison, without using the above agricultural and horticultural water retaining material,
The diameter is 30mm in the same way as above except that the Kanuma soil is used for that amount.
Green pepper seedlings with a height of 20 tx were planted in a prepared flower pot in May, and their growth status was observed outdoors. The green peppers withered because they were not watered in the hot summer months (late July). Some roots even reached the inner wall of the pot, but the aggregate density was lower than in the above example.
第1〜7図は、各々本発明の農園芸用保水材の部分拡大
図である。第8図は、高吸水性繊維と高吸水性化処理し
ていない繊維とからなる織布の部分拡大図である。図中
、1は高吸水性繊維、2は高吸水性化処理していない繊
維、また6は高吸水性化処理していないストリップ状フ
ィルムを示す。
特許出願人 線式会社 り ラ V代理人 弁理士
本身 堅
第3図
第4図1 to 7 are partially enlarged views of the agricultural and horticultural water retaining material of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a partially enlarged view of a woven fabric made of super absorbent fibers and fibers that have not been subjected to super absorbent treatment. In the figure, 1 indicates superabsorbent fibers, 2 indicates fibers that have not been subjected to superabsorbency treatment, and 6 indicates a strip-like film that has not undergone superabsorption treatment. Patent Applicant Wire Company Ri La V Agent Patent Attorney himself Figure 3 Figure 4
Claims (4)
なシ、脱溶剤によυ高吸水性樹脂を形成しうる混合物で
処理することにより得られた吸水性能を有する繊維(A
)、ならびに前記混合物で処理していない繊維またはス
トリップ状フィルム(B)をより合せてまたは織成して
得られた繊維複合体からなる保水材。(1) A fiber (A
), and a fiber composite obtained by twisting or weaving fibers or strip-like films (B) that have not been treated with the mixture.
は水酸基を含有する重合体である特許請求の範囲第1項
記載の農園芸用保水材。(2) The water-soluble main body has a force within the molecule! The agricultural and horticultural water retaining material according to claim 1, which is a polymer containing a levoxyl group or a hydroxyl group.
酸共重合体の塩、ポリアクリル酸の塩またはポリビニル
アルコ−/しである特許請求の範囲第1項記載の農園芸
用保水材。(3) The water-retaining material for agriculture and horticulture according to claim 1, wherein the water-soluble polymer is a salt of an α-olefin-maleic anhydride copolymer, a salt of polyacrylic acid, or a polyvinyl alcohol.
囲第1,2または3項いずれかに記載の保水材。(4) The water-retaining material according to any one of claims 1, 2, or 3, wherein the water-retaining material is used for agriculture and horticulture.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP58081234A JPS59204680A (en) | 1983-05-09 | 1983-05-09 | Water-retentive material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP58081234A JPS59204680A (en) | 1983-05-09 | 1983-05-09 | Water-retentive material |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS59204680A true JPS59204680A (en) | 1984-11-20 |
Family
ID=13740751
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP58081234A Pending JPS59204680A (en) | 1983-05-09 | 1983-05-09 | Water-retentive material |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS59204680A (en) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS61194300A (en) * | 1985-02-16 | 1986-08-28 | マルハ株式会社 | Water absorbable fiber composite |
JPH01163932U (en) * | 1988-04-21 | 1989-11-15 | ||
JPH01167849U (en) * | 1988-05-09 | 1989-11-27 | ||
JPH0246535U (en) * | 1988-09-24 | 1990-03-30 | ||
WO1992007918A2 (en) * | 1990-10-29 | 1992-05-14 | Tryam Trading Inc. | Oil sorbent |
US5303663A (en) * | 1992-05-08 | 1994-04-19 | Soil Injection Layering Systems, Inc. | Subsurface particle injection methods |
US5649495A (en) * | 1995-06-19 | 1997-07-22 | Salestrom; Ronald D. | Agricultural water retention mixture and application technique |
EP0837191A2 (en) * | 1996-09-27 | 1998-04-22 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | Fabric for plant life |
US5868087A (en) * | 1995-06-19 | 1999-02-09 | Salestrom; Ronald D. | Agricultural water retention and flow enhancement mixture |
JP2004041184A (en) * | 2002-05-13 | 2004-02-12 | New Agri Network Co Ltd | Vegetable cultivation apparatus and multidirectional rotary valve |
-
1983
- 1983-05-09 JP JP58081234A patent/JPS59204680A/en active Pending
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS61194300A (en) * | 1985-02-16 | 1986-08-28 | マルハ株式会社 | Water absorbable fiber composite |
JPH01163932U (en) * | 1988-04-21 | 1989-11-15 | ||
JPH01167849U (en) * | 1988-05-09 | 1989-11-27 | ||
JPH0246535U (en) * | 1988-09-24 | 1990-03-30 | ||
GB2265628A (en) * | 1990-10-29 | 1993-10-06 | Tryam Trading Inc | Oil sorbent |
WO1992007918A3 (en) * | 1990-10-29 | 1992-06-25 | Tryam Trading Inc | Oil sorbent |
WO1992007918A2 (en) * | 1990-10-29 | 1992-05-14 | Tryam Trading Inc. | Oil sorbent |
GB2265628B (en) * | 1990-10-29 | 1994-03-09 | Tryam Trading Inc | Oil sorbent |
US5303663A (en) * | 1992-05-08 | 1994-04-19 | Soil Injection Layering Systems, Inc. | Subsurface particle injection methods |
US5649495A (en) * | 1995-06-19 | 1997-07-22 | Salestrom; Ronald D. | Agricultural water retention mixture and application technique |
US5868087A (en) * | 1995-06-19 | 1999-02-09 | Salestrom; Ronald D. | Agricultural water retention and flow enhancement mixture |
EP0837191A2 (en) * | 1996-09-27 | 1998-04-22 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | Fabric for plant life |
EP0837191A3 (en) * | 1996-09-27 | 1998-12-09 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | Fabric for plant life |
JP2004041184A (en) * | 2002-05-13 | 2004-02-12 | New Agri Network Co Ltd | Vegetable cultivation apparatus and multidirectional rotary valve |
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